Kruonis Pumped Storage Plant

{{Infobox dam

| name = Kruonis Pumped Storage Plant

| name_official =

| image = Kruonis_Pumped_Storage_Plant.jpg

| image_caption =

| image_alt =

| coordinates = {{coord|54|47|56|N|24|14|51|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}

| country = Lithuania

| location = Kruonis

| status = Operational

| construction_began = 1978

| opening = 1992

| demolished =

| cost =

| owner = AB „Ignitis gamyba“

| operator =

| res_name = Kruonis Upper

| res_capacity_total= {{Convert|48000000|m3|acre.ft|abbr=on}}

| lower_res_name = Kaunas Reservoir

| lower_res_capacity_total= {{Convert|460000000|m3|acre.ft|abbr=on}}

| plant_hydraulic_head = {{Convert|103.5|m|ft|abbr=on}}

| plant_turbines =

| plant_pumpgenerators = 4 × 225 MW reversible Francis-type

| plant_pumps =

| th_fuel_primary =

| th_fuel_secondary =

| th_fuel_tertiary =

| plant_capacity= 900 MW

| plant_capacity_factor=

| plant_annual_gen=

| ps_cogeneration =

| ps_combined_cycle =

| website =

| extra =

}}

Kruonis Pumped Storage Plant (the KPSP) is a pumped storage hydroelectric power plant located near Kruonis, Lithuania, {{Convert|34|km|mi|abbr=on}} east of Kaunas. Its main purpose is to provide grid energy storage. It operates in conjunction with the Kaunas Hydroelectric Power Plant. During periods of low demand, usually at night, Kruonis PSHP raises water from the lower Kaunas reservoir to the upper one using cheap surplus energy. The station is designed to have an installed capacity of 1,600 MW but only four 225 MW generators are currently operational. With a fully filled upper reservoir the plant can generate 900 MW for about 12 hours.

The KPSP uses hydro-resources of artificial water pools existing at different geographical levels.

The electricity from this power plant is supplied to a 330 kV electricity line to Elektrėnai, where the largest fossil fuel plant in Lithuania is operating, and Kaunas. At times of surplus electricity generation, the KPSP uses the surplus electricity to pump water from the lower pool to the upper pool.

At times of electricity output deficit, the Kruonis PSP operates as a regular hydro power plant, letting water flow from the upper pool to the lower pool to generate additional electricity. Kruonis Plant is the only pumped-storage station in the Baltic states.{{cite web |title=Kruonis Pumped storage hydroelectric plant |url=https://gamyba.le.lt/en/activities/electricity-generation/kruonis-pumped-storage-hydroelectric-plant-kpshp |publisher=Evz.Ro |accessdate=5 November 2016 |language= |date= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503184512/http://gamyba.le.lt/en/activities/projects/expansion-of-kruonis-pumped-storage-plant-/ |archive-date=3 May 2014 |url-status=dead }}

The Kruonis PSP Industrial Park and Kruonis Technology Park were created as the location, infrastructure and low electricity price are attractive for data centers.{{cite web |title=Lithuanian Energy plans to set up industrial park at Kruonis plant|url=https://www.15min.lt/en/article/business/lithuanian-energy-plans-to-set-up-industrial-park-at-kruonis-plant-527-229215 |website=www.15min.lt |accessdate=1 January 2019 |quote=Lithuania's state-owned electricity production group Lietuvos Energija (Lithuanian Energy) is planning to set up a 30-hectare industrial park on the grounds of the Kruonis Pumped Storage Plant, a project that will require an estimated investment of 9.5 million litas (EUR 2.75 m), of which 9 million litas is expected to come from EU funds.}}

A neighbourhood for workers of the Kruonis pumped storage plant was built in the 1980s and early 1990s in Elektrėnai, doubling the size of the town.