Kryts language

{{Short description|Samur language of Azerbaijan}}

{{Infobox language

| name = Kryts

| altname = Kryc

| nativename = {{lang|kry|кърыцIаь мез}} {{tlit|kry|ġrəċä mez/qryc’ä mez}}
{{lang|kry|цIека meз}} {{tlit|kry|ċeka mez/c’eka mez}}
{{lang|kry|Йергуьж мез}}

| states = Azerbaijan

| region = Quba Rayon

| ethnicity = Kryts people

| speakers = 5,000

| date = 2007

| ref = e25

| familycolor = Caucasian

| fam1 = Northeast Caucasian

| fam2 = Lezgic

| fam3 = Samur

| fam4 = Southern Samur

| iso3 = kry

| glotto = kryt1240

| glottorefname = Kryz

| dia1 = Kryts

| dia2 = Jek

| dia3 = Khaput

| dia4 = {{ill|Yergyudzh language|lez|Ергуьж чӀал|lt=Yergyudzh}}

| dia5 = Alyk

| map2 = Lang Status 40-SE.svg

| mapcaption2 = {{center|{{small|Kryts is classified as Severely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger[http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?pg=00206 UNESCO Interactive Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222090430/http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?pg=00206 |date=22 February 2009 }} }}}}

| map = File:Northeast Caucasus languages map en.svg

| mapcaption = {{legend|#288AA1|Kryts}}

| pronunciation = {{IPA|[ɢrɨts’æ mɛz]}}

}}

Kryts (Kryc) is a Lezgic language of the Northeast Caucasian language family spoken in parts of the Quba Rayon of Azerbaijan by 6,000 people in 1975. Its dialects are Kryts, Jek, Khaput, {{ill|Yergyudzh language|lez|Ергуьж чӀал|lt=Yergyudzh}}, and Alyk, which are all quite distinct to the point of only partial mutual intelligibility, therefore they could also be considered separate languages in a dialect continuum.

Kryts is endangered,{{Cite web|url=http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/2508|title=Kryts|website=The Endangered Languages Project}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/languages-atlas/en/atlasmap/language-id-1055.html|title=UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger|website=UNESCO}} classified as "severely endangered" by UNESCO's Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger.[http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?pg=00206 UNESCO Interactive Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217175902/http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?pg=00206 |date=February 17, 2010 }}

Phonology

= Consonants =

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |

! rowspan="2" |Labial

! rowspan="2" |Alveolar

! rowspan="2" |Palatal

! colspan="3" |Velar

! colspan="3" |Uvular

! rowspan="2" |Pharyngeal/
Epiglottal

! rowspan="2" |Glottal

plain

!lab.

!pal.

!plain

!lab.

!pal.

rowspan="3" |Stop

!voiceless

|{{IPA link|p}}

|{{IPA link|t}}

|

|{{IPA link|k}}

|{{IPA link|kʷ}}

|{{IPA link|kʲ}}

|{{IPA link|q}}

|{{IPA link|qʷ}}

|{{IPA link|qʲ}}

|

|{{IPA link|ʔ}}

ejective

|{{IPA link|pʼ}}

|{{IPA link|tʼ}}

|

|{{IPA link|kʼ}}

|{{IPA link|kʷʼ}}

|{{IPA link|kʲʼ}}

|{{IPA link|qʼ}}

|{{IPA link|qʷʼ}}

|{{IPA link|qʲʼ}}

|

|

voiced

|{{IPA link|b}}

|{{IPA link|d}}

|

|{{IPA link|ɡ}}

|{{IPA link|ɡʷ}}

|

|({{IPA link|ɢ}})

|

|

|

|

rowspan="3" |Affricate

!voiceless

|

|({{IPA link|t͡s}})

|{{IPA link|t͡ʃ}}

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

ejective

|

|{{IPA link|t͡sʼ}}

|{{IPA link|t͡ʃʼ}}

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

voiced

|

|({{IPA link|d͡z}})

|{{IPA link|d͡ʒ}}

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

rowspan="2" |Fricative

!voiceless

|{{IPA link|f}}

|{{IPA link|s}}

|{{IPA link|ʃ}}

|{{IPA link|x}}

|

|

|{{IPA link|χ}}

|

|

|({{IPA link|ʜ}})

|{{IPA link|h}}

voiced

|{{IPA link|v}}

|{{IPA link|z}}

|{{IPA link|ʒ}}

|{{IPA link|ɣ}}

|

|

|{{IPA link|ʁ}}

|{{IPA link|ʁʷ}}

|

|{{IPA link|ʕ}}

|

colspan="2" |Nasal

|{{IPA link|m}}

|{{IPA link|n}}

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

colspan="2" |Trill

|

|{{IPA link|r}}

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

colspan="2" |Approximant

|

|{{IPA link|l}}

|{{IPA link|j}}

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

  • /ʁ/ may also be realized as [ɢ] or [qː], in complementary distribution.
  • Sounds /t͡s, d͡z/ only occur in other dialects of the language.
  • /h/ may vary from a glottal sound to an epiglottal fricative /ʜ/.

= Vowels =

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

!

!Front

!Central

!Back

align="center"

!Close

|{{IPA link|i}}

|({{IPA link|ɨ}})

|{{IPA link|u}}

Mid

|{{IPA link|e}}

|

|

align="center"

!Open

|

|{{IPA link|a}}

|

  • /i/ can be heard as [ɨ], in free variation
  • The four vowels may also be pharyngealized as /iˤ, uˤ, eˤ, aˤ/.

Orthography

In 2020, a dictionary was published in the Khaput variety, using the Latin script.{{Cite book |url=https://www.academia.edu/44897737/Haput_Picture_Dictionary |title=Hərərə Mezınə Şikilbəzınə Luğət |isbn=978-9952-511-17-8 |trans-title=Picture Dictionary in the Haput Language}}

style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS; font-size:1.4em; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:#F8F8EF"

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |A a

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |B b

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |C c

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ç ç

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ç' ç'

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |D d

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |E e

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ә ә

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |F f

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |G g

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ğ ğ

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ğ' ğ'

style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |H h

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |H' h'

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ĥ ĥ

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |X x

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |X' x'

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |J j

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |İ i

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |I ı

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |K k

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |K' k'

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Q q

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Q' q'

style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Q̂ q̂

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |L l

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |M m

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |N n

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |O o

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ö ö

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |P p

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |P' p'

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |R r

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |S s

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ş ş

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |S' s'

style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |T t

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |U u

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ü ü

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |V v

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Y y

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Z z

References

  • {{cite book |last=Authier |first=Gilles |year=2009 |title=Grammaire kryz |location=Leuven |publisher=Peeters |series=Collection Linguistique (Société de linguistique de Paris) |volume=93 |isbn=9789042923157}}

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