Ksingmul language

{{short description|Austroasiatic language spoken in Laos and Vietnam}}

{{Infobox language

|name=Ksingmul

|altname=Puoc

|nativename=Xinh Mun

|states=Vietnam, Laos

|ethnicity= Ksingmul people

|speakers={{sigfig|26,570|2}}

|date=1999 & 2005 censuses

|ref=e18

|familycolor=Austro-Asiatic

|fam2=Khmuic

|iso3=puo

|glotto=puoc1238

|glottorefname=Ksingmul

}}

Ksingmul (Ksing Mul, Puoc, {{langx|vi|Xinh Mun}}, {{zh|欣门语}}) is a Mon–Khmer language spoken by the Ksingmul people of Vietnam and Laos.

Varieties

Jerold Edmondson (2010: 144), citing Đặng Nghiêm Vạn, et al. (1972: 254 ff.), lists 3 major varieties of Ksingmul. Ksingmul Nghệt is the most conservative variety.

Ksingmul Nghệt: Nà Nghệt Village, Xiêng Khọ District, Sầm Nưa Province (Houaphan Province), Laos
Ksingmul Dạ: Chiềng On Village, Yên Châu District, Sơn La Province, Vietnam
Ksingmul Đồng

Phonology

Source:Dmitry Nikolaev. 2019. Ksingmul sound inventory (EA). In: Moran, Steven & McCloy, Daniel (eds.)

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" \|+Ksingmul Consonants ! colspan="2" \| !Labial !Alveolar !Palatal !Velar !Glottal
colspan="2" \|Nasal \|{{IPA link\|m}} \|{{IPA link\|n}} \|{{IPA link\|ɲ}} \|{{IPA link\|ŋ}} \|
rowspan="3" \|Stop !{{small\|plain}} \|{{IPA link\|p}} \|{{IPA link\|t}} \|{{IPA link\|c}} \|{{IPA link\|k}} \|{{IPA link\|ʔ}}
{{small\|aspirated}} \|{{IPA link\|pʰ}} \|{{IPA link\|tʰ}} \| \|{{IPA link\|kʰ}} \|
{{Small\|voiced}} \|{{IPA link\|b}} \|{{IPA link\|d}} \| \|{{IPA link\|g}} \|
rowspan="2" \|Fricative !{{small\|plain}} \| \|{{IPA link\|s}} \| \| \|{{IPA link\|h}}
{{Small\|voiced}} \| \|{{IPA link\|zʲ}} \| \| \|
colspan="2" \|Approximant \|{{IPA link\|w}} \|{{IPA link\|l}} \| \| \|

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

|+Ksingmul Consonants

! colspan="2" |

colspan="2" |Nasal

|{{IPA link|m}}

|{{IPA link|n}}

|{{IPA link|ɲ}}

|{{IPA link|ŋ}}

rowspan="3" |Stop

!{{small|plain}}

|{{IPA link|p}}

|{{IPA link|t}}

|{{IPA link|c}}

|{{IPA link|k}}

|{{IPA link|ʔ}}

|{{IPA link|pʰ}}

|{{IPA link|tʰ}}

|{{IPA link|kʰ}}

|{{IPA link|b}}

|{{IPA link|d}}

|{{IPA link|g}}

rowspan="2" |Fricative

!{{small|plain}}

|{{IPA link|s}}

|{{IPA link|h}}

|{{IPA link|zʲ}}

colspan="2" |Approximant

|{{IPA link|w}}

|{{IPA link|l}}

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" \|+Ksingmul Vowels ! !Front !Central !Back
style="text-align: center;" !Close \|{{IPA link\|i}} \|{{IPA link\|ɨ}} \|{{IPA link\|u}}
Diphthong \|iə \|ɨə \|uə
style="text-align: center;" !Mid \| \|{{IPA link\|ə}} \|{{IPA link\|o}}
Open-mid \|{{IPA link\|ɛ}} \| \|{{IPA link\|ɔː}}
style="text-align: center;" !Open \| \|{{IPA link\|ä}} \|

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

|+Ksingmul Vowels

!Front

!Central

!Back

style="text-align: center;"

!Close

|{{IPA link|i}}

|{{IPA link|ɨ}}

|{{IPA link|u}}

Diphthong

|iə

|ɨə

|uə

style="text-align: center;"

!Mid

|{{IPA link|ə}}

|{{IPA link|o}}

Open-mid

|{{IPA link|ɛ}}

|{{IPA link|ɔː}}

style="text-align: center;"

!Open

|{{IPA link|ä}}

All monophthongs can be long or short, apart from /ɔː/ which can only be long.

References

Edmondson, Jerold A. 2010. "The Kháng language of Vietnam in comparison to Ksingmul (Xinh-mun)." In Kenneth A. McElhanon and Ger Reesink, A Mosaic of languages and cultures: studies celebrating the career of Karl J. Franklin, 138–154. SIL e-Books, 19. [Dallas]: SIL International. http://www.sil.org/resources/archives/9267

External links

http://projekt.ht.lu.se/rwaai RWAAI (Repository and Workspace for Austroasiatic Intangible Heritage)
http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0003-9380-C@view Ksingmul in RWAAI Digital Archive

Category:Mangic languages

Category:Khmuic languages

Category:Languages of Vietnam

Category:Languages of Laos