Kunming dialect
{{Short description|Southwestern Mandarin Chinese dialect}}
{{Refimprove|date=October 2011}}
{{Expand Chinese|昆明話|date=June 2011}}
{{Infobox language
|name=Kunming dialect
|nativename=
|pronunciation=
|states=China
|region=Yunnan
|speakers=?
|familycolor=Sino-Tibetan
|fam2=Sinitic
|fam3=Chinese
|fam4=Mandarin
|fam5=Southwestern
|isoexception=dialect
|linglist=cmn-kun
|glotto=kunm1234
|glottorefname=Kunming Chinese
}}
The Kunming dialect ({{zh|s=昆明话|t=昆明話|p=Kūnmínghuà}}) is a dialect of Southwestern Mandarin Chinese. Luo Changpei describes it as having "simple phonemes, elegant vocabulary, and clear grammar."
Beginnings
The beginnings of the Kunming dialect are closely linked with the migration of the Han Chinese to Yunnan. The differences between "old" Kunming dialect and the "new" dialect began in the 1940s. In the aftermath of the Second Sino-Japanese War, large numbers of refugees from the north of China and the Jiangnan region fled to Kunming, with profound effects for the politics, economy and culture of the city. This large influx of outsiders also had an influence on the local dialect, which slowly developed into the "new" Kunming dialect.
Learning
The tones, pronunciation, and lexicon are distinct between Northern Mandarin and Kunming dialect.{{cite book
| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EltiAAAAMAAJ&q=comparisons+chan
| title=Pragmatics: quarterly publication of the International Pragmatics Association, Volume 12
| year=2002
| author=International Pragmatics Association
| publisher=The Association
| page=187
| quote=The differences between Kunming Chinese and the Northern Mandarin (or Mandarin in short, with Beijing dialect as the representative) mainly lie in the tones of words, the tone values of the tones, the lexicon, and the different pronunciations of some words.
| access-date=23 September 2011}}
(the University of Michigan)
References
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{{Sino-Tibetan languages}}
{{Chinese language}}
{{China-stub}}
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