Kurmysh
{{Infobox Russian settlement
| en_name = Kurmysh
| ru_name = Курмыш
| image_skyline = Вид Курмыша с пожарной каланчи (XIX-XX вв.).jpg
| image_caption =
| coordinates = {{Coord|55.830399|46.079239|region:RU|display=title,inline}}
| map_label_position = bottom
| image_coa =
| coa_caption =
| image_flag =
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| federal_subject = Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
| adm_district_jur = Pilninsky District
| inhabloc_cat = Selo
| pop_2010census = 1,037
| pop_2010census_ref = {{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}
| established_date = 1372
| established_title =
| current_cat_date =
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Kurmysh ({{langx|ru|Курмыш}}) is a rural locality (a selo) in Pilninsky District of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia.{{cite book |last1=Чибис |first1=А.А. |editor1-last=Григорьев |editor1-first=В. С. |title=Чувашская энциклопедия: Том 2 : Ж — Л |date=2006 |publisher=Справочно-энциклопедическое издание |isbn=978-5-7670-1471-2 |chapter=КУРМЫШ}} It is located over {{convert|100|km}} east of Nizhny Novgorod. Population: {{ru-census2010|1037|;}} {{ru-census2002|1291|.}}
History
Kurmysh was founded in 1372 when Prince Boris Konstantinovich of Nizhny Novgorod-Suzdal ordered its establishment on the Sura River ("постави город на Суре Курмыш нарече").{{cite book |last1=Кирьянов |first1=Игорь Александрович |title=Старинные крепости Нижегородского Поволжья: очерк о старинных русских дерево-крепостях в Н. Новгороде (Горьком): Городце, селе Городищи (Борского района), Лыскове, Курмыше, Василосурске, Балахне, Б. Мурашкине, Арзамасе |date=1961 |publisher=Горьковское книжное изд-во |pages=71–72 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Старинные_крепости_Ни/SHg8AAAAMAAJ |language=ru}} It was the easternmost Russian settlement for almost two centuries and it helped to consolidate Russian influence in the Volga region. As a result, it bore the brunt of attacks from the east.
In 1406–1407, Grand Prince Vasily I of Moscow, bequeathed "Kurmysh with everything that came with it" to his son. In 1445, Vasily II was released from Kurmysh after being captured by Ulugh Muhammad of the Kazan Khanate and forced to pay a ransom.
Following the capture of Kazan in 1552 by Ivan the Terrible, Kurmysh's position declined as the Russian fortress of Alatyr was established to the south. From the 1560s, it served as the administrative center of Kurmyshsky Uyezd within the Russian tsardom until 1708. In the second half of the 16th century and in the 17th century, it was mainly made up of service class people.
Kurmysh further lost its significance when the majority of the service class people were transferred to the border near Simbirsk. The lower categories of service class people, including Cossacks and streltsy, became state peasants in the early 18th century. By 1804, it had a population of 695. According to the 1897 census, about 3,200 people lived there.