Kurt Masur

{{Infobox person

| name = Kurt Masur

| birth_date = {{birth date|1927|7|18|df=y}}

| death_date = {{death date and age|2015|12|19|1927|7|18|df=y}}

| burial_place = Südfriedhof (Leipzig), Germany

| burial_coordinates =

| birth_place = Brieg, Lower Silesia, Germany

| death_place = Greenwich, Connecticut, U.S.

| image = Masur-Dresdner-Philharmonie-Albertinum-2012 (cropped).jpg

| alt = White haired man in black at conductor's position

| caption = Masur conducting the Dresdner Philharmonie (Dresden) in 2012

| occupation = Conductor

| years_active = 1955–2014

| organization = {{plainlist|

| style = Classical music

| alma_mater = University of Music and Theatre Leipzig

| spouse = {{plainlist|

{{marriage|Brigitte Stütze||1966|end=divorced}}
{{marriage|Irmgard Elsa Kaul||1972|end=died}}
{{marriage|Tomoko Sakurai|1975}}

}}

| partner =

| children = 5

}}

Kurt Masur ({{IPA|de|ˈkʊʁt maˈzuːɐ̯}}; 18 July 1927{{snd}}19 December 2015) was a German conductor. Called "one of the last old-style maestros",{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2007/jul/18/classicalmusic.comment |title=In praise of... Kurt Masur |newspaper=The Guardian |department=Opinion: classical music |date=18 July 2007 |access-date=19 December 2015}} he directed many of the principal orchestras of his era. He had a long career as the Kapellmeister of the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra, and also served as music director of the New York Philharmonic for about ten years. He made many recordings of classical music with major orchestras. Masur is also remembered for his actions to support peaceful demonstrations against the East German government in the 1989 demonstrations in Leipzig; those protests were part of the events leading up to the fall of the Berlin wall.

Biography

File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-Z0209-023, Kurt Masur mit Familie.jpg

Masur was born in Brieg, Lower Silesia, Germany (now Brzeg, Poland), and studied piano, composition and conducting in Leipzig, Saxony.

His father was an electrical engineer, and as a young boy he completed an electrician's apprenticeship; he occasionally worked in his father's shop. From ages 10 to 16, he took piano lessons with Katharina Hartmann.

In October 1944, the Nazis announced that all men between the ages of 16 and 60 could be conscripted, which included the young conductor. Masur was drafted into the paratroopers late in 1944.{{cite web |url=http://www.cosmopolis.ch/english/music/e0018600/kurt_masur_biography_e01860000.htm |title=Kurt Masur biography: The early years of the conductor |access-date=17 July 2018 |date=1 January 2016 |publisher=Cosmopolis }}{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} He was sent to fight; "[o]ut of the 150 people of his unit, only 27 [including Masur] survived", before being captured by American and British forces on 1 May 1945. Masur and his family were lucky: not a single family member died in the war.

From 1946 until 1948, he studied conducting, composition and piano at the University of Music and Theatre Leipzig. He left at 21, never finishing his studies, when offered a job as répétiteur at the Landestheater Halle an der Saale (since renamed the Halle Opera House, or Opernhaus Halle in German).

Masur was married three times, and had a total of five children. His first marriage to Brigitte Stütze produced three children, and ended in divorce in 1966. He and his second wife, Irmgard Elsa Kaul, had a daughter, Carolin Masur, who became an opera singer.{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/01/02/arts/kurt-masur-in-leipzig-a-favorite-son-at-home.html |newspaper=New York Times |first=John |last=Tagliabue |title=Kurt Masur in Leipzig: A Favorite Son at Home |date=2 January 1992 |access-date=25 November 2014}} Irmgard died in 1972 in a car accident in which Masur was severely injured.{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/20/arts/music/kurt-masur-new-york-philharmonic-conductor-dies.html |title=Kurt Masur Dies at 88; Conductor Transformed New York Philharmonic |first=Margalit |last=Fox |author-link=Margalit Fox |first2=James R. |last2=Oestreich |author2-link=James R. Oestreich |newspaper=The New York Times |date=19 December 2015 |access-date=19 December 2015}} In 1975, he married his third wife, soprano and violist, Tomoko Sakurai: they had one son, Ken-David, a classical singer and conductor.{{cite news |url=http://www.playbillarts.com/news/article/6660.html|work=Playbill Arts |first=Kevin |last=Shihoten |title=Ken Masur Named Resident Conductor of San Antonio Symphony|date=18 July 2007|access-date=24 July 2007}}

Conducting career

Masur conducted the Dresden Philharmonic for three years ending in 1958 and again from 1967 to 1972. He also worked with the Komische Oper of East Berlin. In 1970, he became Kapellmeister of the Gewandhausorchester Leipzig, serving in that post until 1996. With that orchestra, he performed Beethoven's Ninth Symphony at the celebration of German reunification in 1990.{{cite web | url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/dec/19/kurt-masur-conductor-new-york-philharmonic-dies-88 |title=Kurt Masur, great conductor who led New York Philharmonic, dies at 88 |newspaper=The Guardian |date=19 December 2015 |access-date=19 December 2015 |last=Pengelly |first=Martin}}

In 1991, Masur became music director of the New York Philharmonic (NYP). He was an unexpected choice who brought change to that orchestra at a time when its reputation had declined. "Masur's appointment was a clear signal that it was time for the orchestra to begin anew." Former concertmaster Glenn Dicterow said in 2012 "It takes a big personality to unite 105 players onstage — to get everybody to be as inspired as he is — and, uh, it's hard work, . . And he's just so demanding and intense that I think that he got, just by his sheer intensity of his personality, I think it sort of transformed most of us." Masur directed the Philharmonic in a performance of Brahms's Ein deutsches Requiem in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks on 11 September 2001. During his tenure, there were reports of tension between Masur and the NYP's Executive Director at the time, Deborah Borda, which eventually contributed to his contract not being renewed beyond 2002.{{cite news |first=Greg |last=Sandow |title=Kurt, We Hardly Knew Ye |url=http://gregsandow.com/masur.htm |newspaper=Wall Street Journal |date=5 June 2002 |access-date=12 August 2007 | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007010628/http://gregsandow.com/masur.htm | archive-date=7 October 2007 | df=dmy-all }} In a television interview with Charlie Rose, Masur stated that regarding his leaving the NYP, "it was not my wish".{{cite interview |url=http://www.charlierose.com/keywords/Kurt-Masur |interviewer=Charlie Rose |work=The Charlie Rose Show |publisher=PBS |title=Interview with Kurt Masur |date=21 May 2002 |access-date=13 August 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080307033705/http://www.charlierose.com/keywords/Kurt-Masur |archive-date=7 March 2008 }} Masur stood down as the NYP's music director in 2002 and was named its Music Director Emeritus, a new title created for him. The critical consensus was that Masur improved the playing of the orchestra over his tenure.{{cite news |first=Peter G. |last=Davis |title=Soul Man |url=http://nymag.com/nymetro/arts/music/classical/reviews/6115/index.html |magazine=New York |date=17 June 2002 |access-date=13 August 2007}}

In 2000, Masur became principal conductor of the London Philharmonic Orchestra (LPO) and held this position until 2007. In April 2002, Masur became music director of the Orchestre National de France (ONF) and served in this post until 2008,{{cite news |url=http://www.playbillarts.com/news/article/6825.html |work=Playbill Arts |first=Matthew |last=Westphal |title=Daniele Gatti to Succeed Kurt Masur at Orchestre National de France |date=23 July 2007 |access-date=24 July 2007}} when he took the title of honorary music director of the ONF. On his 80th birthday, 18 July 2007, Masur conducted musicians from both orchestras at a Proms concert in London.{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2007/jul/20/classicalmusicandopera4 |newspaper=The Guardian |first=George |last=Hall |title=LPO/ONF/Masur |date=20 July 2007 |access-date=24 July 2007}} Masur held the lifetime title of Honorary Guest Conductor of the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra. In 2012, following a series of cancellations of concert engagements, Masur disclosed on his website that he had Parkinson's disease.{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/10/arts/music/kurt-masur-leads-new-york-philharmonic-at-avery-fisher-hall.html |newspaper=New York Times |first=Steve |last=Smith |title=A Maestro Returns With a Brahms Double Concerto and a Surprise Soloist |date=10 November 2012 |access-date=25 November 2014}}

Students

His students include Kahchun Wong,{{cite news |first= |last=BBC Music Magazine |title=A passionate and sometimes volatile perfectionist... What was it like to study with conductor Kurt Masur? |url=https://www.classical-music.com/articles/conductor-kurt-masur |magazine=classical-music.com |date=12 December 2024 |access-date=19 March 2025}} Matthias Manasi,{{cite news | author=Moderna TV |title=Матиас Манаси е един от най-известните и иновативни диригенти на международната музикална сцена |url=https://modernavratza.com/izvesten-nemski-dirigent-i-brilyantna-balgarska-pianistka-pristigat-vav-vraca-za-koncerta-na-16-ti-mart-v-meseca-na-klavishite_34442.html |magazine=modernavratza.com |date=13 March 2023 |access-date=28 March 2025}} Cornelius Meister,{{cite news |first=Bernhard |last=Hartmann |title=Beethovenhalle: Nachwuchsdirigenten üben sich an Beethovens "Eroica" |url=https://ga.de/news/kultur-und-medien/regional/beethovenhalle-nachwuchsdirigenten-ueben-sich-an-beethovens-eroica_aid-40272613#0|magazine=ge.de |date=8 April 2008 |access-date=3 April 2025}} Ivo Hentschel{{cite news |first=Bernhard |last=Hartmann |title=Beethovenhalle: Nachwuchsdirigenten üben sich an Beethovens "Eroica" |url=https://ga.de/news/kultur-und-medien/regional/beethovenhalle-nachwuchsdirigenten-ueben-sich-an-beethovens-eroica_aid-40272613#0|magazine=ge.de |date=8 April 2008 |access-date=3 April 2025}} and Adrian Prabava.{{cite news |first=Rick |last=Fulker |title=Charismatisch und unerbittlich: Kurt Masur |url=https://www.dw.com/de/charismatisch-und-unerbittlich-kurt-masur/a-18931119 |magazine=dw.com |date=20 December 2015 |access-date=11 March 2025}}

Political views

Although Masur spent most of his professional career in East Germany, he never joined the SED.{{cite news |first=Anastasia |last=Tsioulcas |title=Remembering Kurt Masur, the Conductor Who Rebuilt the New York Philharmonic |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/deceptivecadence/2015/12/19/460392051/remembering-kurt-masur-the-conductor-who-rebuilt-the-new-york-philharmonic |work=NPR |date=19 December 2015}} In 1982, he received the National Prize of East Germany. His attitude to the regime began to change in 1989, after the arrest of a street musician in Leipzig.{{cite news |first=Michael |last=Walsh |title=New York Gets a Revolutionary |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,969920,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930094822/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,969920,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 September 2007 |magazine=Time |date=23 April 1990 |access-date=12 August 2007}} On 9 October 1989, he intervened in anti-government demonstrations in Leipzig in communist East Germany, negotiating an end to a confrontation that could have resulted in security forces attacking the protesters,{{cite book |last=Gaddis |first=John Lewis |title=The Cold War: A New History |location=New York |publisher=Penguin Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-1-59420-062-5 |page=[https://archive.org/details/coldwarnewhistor00gadd/page/37 37] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/coldwarnewhistor00gadd/page/37 }} one month before the fall of the Berlin wall.

Death

In 2015, Masur died at the age of 88 in Greenwich, Connecticut, from complications of Parkinson's disease. His funeral was held in the Thomaskirche in Leipzig, with music played by the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra and the Thomanerchor. Burial took place in Leipzig's South Cemetery. He was survived by his third wife, as well as his daughters Angelika and Carolin, his sons, Ken-David, Michael and Matthias, and nine grandchildren.

Awards

File:Ehrengrab Masur.jpg

{{ external media|float=left|width=220px|audio1=You may hear the Gewandhaus Orchestra led by Kurt Masur performing Mendelssohn's Symphonies:
No. 1 in C minor, Op.11
No. 2 in B flat, Op. 52 "Hymn of Praise"
No. 3 in A minor, Op. 56, "Scottish"
No. 4 in A major, Op. 90 "Italian"
No. 5 in D Minor, Op. 107 "Reformation"
[https://archive.org/details/cd_symphonies-nos-1-5-felix-mendelssohn-barth_kurt-masur-leipzig-gewandhaus-orchestra/disc2/02.01.+Kurt+Masur+-+Leipzig+Gewandhaus+Orchestra+-+Mendelssohn+-+Symphony+%232+In+B+Flat%2C+Op.+52%2C+_Hymn+Of+Praise_+-+Symphony.flac Here on Archive.org]}}]]

A professor at the Leipzig Academy of Music beginning in 1975, Masur received numerous honors. He received the Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1995, and the Gold Medal of Honor for Music from the National Arts Club in 1996.{{cite web |url=http://www.nationalartsclub.org/committees/music |title=Medal of Honor Recipients, Music |publisher=The National Arts Club Music Committee |location=New York |access-date=18 July 2018}} In 1997, he was made a Commander of the Legion of Honor by the French government, as well as becoming a New York City Cultural Ambassador. In 1999, he received the Commander Cross of Merit of the Polish Republic.

In 2002, President of Germany Johannes Rau awarded him the Cross with Star of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany; in 2007, President of Germany Horst Köhler bestowed upon him the Grand Cross of the Order of Merit with Star and Ribbon; in 2008, he received the Wilhelm Furtwängler Prize in Bonn, Germany. Masur was also made an honorary citizen by his hometown, Brieg. In 2001, Masur became an honorary member of the Royal Academy of Music.{{cite web|title=Honorary Members of the Royal Academy of Music |url=http://www.ram.ac.uk/whoswho/Pages/HonRAM.aspx |publisher=Royal Academy of Music |date=14 October 2009 |access-date=14 October 2009 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091203022036/http://www.ram.ac.uk/whoswho/Pages/HonRAM.aspx|archive-date=3 December 2009}}

In 2010, he received the Leo Baeck Medal (Leo Baeck Institute) for his humanitarian work promoting tolerance and social justice.{{cite web |url=https://www.lbi.org/about/leo-baeck-medal/ |title=The Leo Baeck Medal |publisher=The Leo Baeck Institute |access-date=18 July 2018}}{{cite web|url=https://www.lbi.org/de/news/leo-baeck-medal-kurt-masur/ |title=Leo Baeck Medal for Kurt Masur - Leo Baeck Institute |language=de |publisher=Lbi.org |date=2010-11-09 |accessdate=2022-05-05}} He received a {{Interlanguage link multi|Goldene Henne|de}} Award in 2014 for his work in public policy.{{cite web |url=http://www.kurtmasur.com/bio_long.html |title=Kurt Masur – Biography |publisher=Kurt Masur, official site |access-date=19 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721123837/http://www.kurtmasur.com/bio_long.html |archive-date=21 July 2018 |url-status=dead }}

On 18 July 2018, which would have been Masur's 91st birthday, Google featured him in a Google Doodle in the United States, Germany, Belarus, Iceland, and Japan.{{cite web |url=https://doodles.google/doodle/kurt-masurs-91st-birthday/ |title=Kurt Masur's 91st Birthday |date=17 June 2018}}

References

External links

{{Official website|http://www.kurtmasur.com/}}
[https://web.archive.org/web/20180723075246/http://www.kurtmasur.com/discography.html Discography of Kurt Masur]
{{AllMusic|class=artist|id=q39160}}
{{discogs artist}}
{{IMDb name|0557955|Kurt Masur}}
[http://www.bruceduffie.com/masur.html Interview with Kurt Masur], 8 June 1988
[http://leobaeckinstitute.wordpress.com/2010/11/10/leo-baeck-medal-for-kurt-masur/ Leo Baeck Institute, "Leo Baeck Medal for Kurt Masur", 10 November 2010]

{{Navboxes|list=

}}

Category:1927 births

Category:2015 deaths

Category:People from Brzeg

Category:People from the Province of Lower Silesia

Category:German male conductors (music)

Category:20th-century German conductors (music)

Category:20th-century German male musicians

Category:21st-century German conductors (music)

Category:21st-century German male musicians

Category:University of Music and Theatre Leipzig alumni