Kutubuan languages

There has been some debate over whether they are closer to each other than to other languages, but Usher includes them both in the Kikorian branch of the tentative Papuan Gulf stock.

Within the two branches, the lexicostatistical figures are 60–70%. Between the two branches, they are 10–20%.

• East Kutubuan
• Foe, Fiwaga
• West Kutubuan
• Fasu, Some, Namumi

Some lexical reconstructions by Usher (2020) are:Timothy Usher, New Guinea World, [https://newguineaworld.linguistik.uzh.ch/families/papuan-gulf/kikori-river/lake-kutubu Proto–Lake Kutubu]

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Proposed Kutubu reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are:{{cite book |last1=Pawley |first1=Andrew |last2=Hammarström |first2=Harald |editor1-last=Palmer |editor1-first=Bill |date=2018 |title=The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide |chapter=The Trans New Guinea family |series= The World of Linguistics |volume=4 |location=Berlin |publisher=De Gruyter Mouton |pages=21–196 |isbn=978-3-11-028642-7}}

Foi language:

• {{Transliteration|foi|gage-}} ‘carry on back’ < *{{Transliteration|foi|italic=no|kak(i,u)}}
• {{Transliteration|foi|ku-}} ‘die’ < *{{Transliteration|foi|italic=no|kumV-}}
• {{Transliteration|foi|na-}} ‘eat’ < *{{Transliteration|foi|italic=no|na-}}
• {{Transliteration|foi|korage}} ‘leg’ < *{{Transliteration|foi|italic=no|k(a,o)ondok[V]}}
• {{Transliteration|foi|gariko}} ‘neck’ < *{{Transliteration|foi|italic=no|k(a,e)(nd,t)ak}}
• {{Transliteration|foi|ira}} ‘tree’ < *{{Transliteration|foi|italic=no|inda}}
• {{Transliteration|foi|kuba}} ‘wind’ < *{{Transliteration|foi|italic=no|kumbutu}}
• {{Transliteration|foi|ya}} ‘bird’ < *{{Transliteration|foi|italic=no|yaka(i)}}
• {{Transliteration|foi|babo}} ‘mother’s sister’ < *{{Transliteration|foi|italic=no|mbamba}} ‘older same sex sibling’

Fasu language:

• {{Transliteration|faa|ku-}} ‘die’ < *{{Transliteration|faa|italic=no|kumV-}}
• {{Transliteration|faa|na-}} ‘eat’ < *{{Transliteration|faa|italic=no|na-}}
• {{Transliteration|faa|reke-}} ‘stand’ < {{Transliteration|faa|italic=no|ta,e,i)k[V]}}
• {{Transliteration|faa|ama}} ‘mother’ < *{{Transliteration|faa|italic=no|am(a,i)}}
• {{Transliteration|faa|apa}} ‘father’ < *{{Transliteration|faa|italic=no|apa}}
• {{Transliteration|faa|himu}} ‘heart, stomach’ < *{{Transliteration|faa|italic=no|simb(i,u)}}
• {{Transliteration|faa|iti}} ‘hair’ < *{{Transliteration|faa|italic=no|iti[C]}}
• {{Transliteration|faa|korake}} ‘leg’ < *{{Transliteration|faa|italic=no|k(a,o)ndok[V]}}
• {{Transliteration|faa|kinu}} ‘shoulder’ < *{{Transliteration|faa|italic=no|kinV}}
• {{Transliteration|faa|kau}} ‘skin’ < *{{Transliteration|faa|italic=no|k(a,o)(nd,t)apu}}
• {{Transliteration|faa|sikini}} ‘hand’ < *{{Transliteration|faa|italic=no|sa(ŋg,k)(a,i)l}}
• {{Transliteration|faa|pisi}} ‘urine’ < *{{Transliteration|faa|italic=no|pisi}}
• {{Transliteration|faa|mane(raka)}} ‘make the law’ < *{{Transliteration|faa|italic=no|mana}} ‘instructions’
• {{Transliteration|faa|horop}} ‘long’ < *{{Transliteration|faa|italic=no|k(o,u)ti(mb,p)V}}
• {{Transliteration|faa|api(a)}} ‘husband’ < *{{Transliteration|faa|italic=no|ambi ‘man’}}
• {{Transliteration|faa|papa}} ‘mother’s sister’ < *{{Transliteration|faa|italic=no|mbamba}} ‘older same sex sibling’
• {{Transliteration|faa|ira}} ‘tree’ < *{{Transliteration|faa|italic=no|inda}}
• {{Transliteration|faa|sakipu}} ‘sand’ < *{{Transliteration|faa|italic=no|sa(ŋg,k)asiŋ}}
• {{Transliteration|faa|kupa}} ‘wind’ < *{{Transliteration|faa|italic=no|kumbutu}}

The following basic vocabulary words are from Franklin (1975), Franklin & Voorhoeve (1973), McElhanon and Voorhoeve (1970), and Shaw (1986), as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database:{{Cite web |url=http://transnewguinea.org/ |title=TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea |last=Greenhill |first=Simon |date=2016 |access-date=2020-11-05}}

The words cited constitute translation equivalents, whether they are cognate (e.g. auřu, airu, alu for “tongue”) or not (e.g. weḷia, kakusa, yapi for “blood”).

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{{Reflist}}

• Timothy Usher, New Guinea World, [https://newguineaworld.linguistik.uzh.ch/families/papuan-gulf/kikori-river/lake-kutubu Proto–Lake Kutubu]

{{Kutubuan languages}}

{{Trans–New Guinea languages}}

{{Papuan languages}}

Category:Languages of Southern Highlands Province

Category:Kikorian languages