Kuznetsov NK-12#Variants

The design that eventually became the NK-12 turboprop was developed after World War II by a team of Soviet scientists and imprisoned German engineers under Ferdinand Brandner, who had worked for Junkers previously; the design bureau was headed by chief engineer Nikolai D. Kuznetsov. Thus, the NK-12 design evolved from late-war German turboprop studies. This started with the postwar development of the wartime Jumo 022 turboprop design that was designed to develop {{cvt|6000|shp|lk=in}}, weighing {{cvt|3000|kg}}. The effort continued with a {{cvt|5000|shp}}, weighing {{cvt|1700|kg}}, completed by 1947. Evolution to the TV-12 {{cvt|12000|shp}} engine required extensive use of new Soviet-developed alloys and was completed in 1951.

The NK-12 is the most powerful turboprop engine to enter service, ahead of the Europrop TP400 (in 2005). Another engine of similar size, the Pratt & Whitney T57 with {{cvt|15000|shp}} and {{cvt|5000|lbf|kN}} jet thrust, ran 3,100 hours before being cancelled in 1957.{{cite book |last1=Connors |first1=J. |title=The engines of Pratt & Whitney : a technical history |date=2010 |publisher=American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics |isbn=978-1-60086-711-8 |page=294}}{{cite book |last1=Mulready |first1=Dick |title=Advanced engine development at Pratt & Whitney : the inside story of eight special projects, 1946-1971 |date=2001 |publisher=Society of Automotive Engineers |isbn=9780768006643 |page=20}} The NK-12 powers the Tupolev Tu-95 bomber and its derivatives such as the Tu-142 maritime patrol aircraft and the Tupolev Tu-114 airliner (with NK-12MV), which still holds the title of the world's fastest propeller-driven aircraft despite being retired from service in 1991. It also powered the Antonov An-22 Antei (with NK-12MA), the world's largest aircraft at the time, and several types of amphibious assault craft, such as the A-90 Orlyonok "Ekranoplan".

The engine has a 14-stage axial-flow compressor, producing pressure ratios between 9:1 and 13:1 depending on altitude, with variable inlet guide vanes and blow-off valves for engine operability. The combustion system used is a cannular-type: each flame tube is centrally mounted on a downstream injector that ends in an annular secondary region. The contra-rotating propellers and compressor are driven by the five-stage axial turbine. Mass flow is 65 kg (143 lb) per second.{{cite web |title=Creation of the TV-2 (NK-12) turboprop engine |url=http://www.airpages.ru/eng/ru/troph3.shtml |website=www.airpages.ru |accessdate=22 March 2019}}

File:NK-12MV engine.jpg

Data from Alexandrov

;NK-12:{{cvt|9300|kW|hp|order=flip}}, initial development model, used on the Tupolev Tu-95 and Tupolev Tu-116

;NK-12M:{{cvt|8950|kW|hp|order=flip}}, used on the Tupolev Tu-114

;NK-12MV:{{cvt|11033|kW|hp|order=flip}},{{cite encyclopedia |title=NK-12MV |publisher=Ulyanovsk Higher Aviation School of Civil Aviation |url=http://www.uvauga-dvig.narod.ru/nk-12mv.pdf |access-date=August 21, 2019 |series=Domestic Aerospace Engineering |page=18 |language=Russian}} {{cvt|5.6|m|ftin cm in|adj=mid|diameter|0}} AV-60 propellers, used on the Tupolev Tu-95, Tupolev Tu-126, and Tupolev Tu-142

;NK-12MA:{{cvt|11186|kW|hp|order=flip}}, {{cvt|6.2|m|ftin cm in|adj=mid|diameter|0}} AV-90 propellers, used on the Antonov An-22

;NK-12MK:{{cvt|11033|kW|hp|order=flip}}, {{cvt|5.6|m|ftin cm in|adj=mid|diameter|0}} propellers, built with corrosion-resistant materials, used on the A-90 Orlyonok

;NK-12MP:{{cvt|11033|kW|hp|order=flip}},{{cite encyclopedia |title=NK-12MP, NK-12MK |publisher=Ulyanovsk Higher Aviation School of Civil Aviation |url=http://www.uvauga-dvig.narod.ru/nk-12mp_12mk.pdf |access-date=August 21, 2019 |series=Domestic Aerospace Engineering |page=19 |language=Russian}} modernized version used on the Tupolev Tu-95MS and Tupolev Tu-142M

;NK-12MPM: Upgraded version of the NK-12MP that develops more power, produces half the vibration and is paired with the Aerosila AV-60T propeller; replaces the NK-12MP engine and AV-60K propeller on the Tupolev Tu-95MS{{cite news |work=AINonline |title=More power for the mighty 'Bear' |url=https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2018-10-31/more-power-mighty-bear |date=31 October 2018 |given=Vladimir |surname=Karnozov |department=Defense}}

File:Antonov An-22A on the MAKS-2009 (04).jpg]]

• A-90 Orlyonok
• Antonov An-22
• Tupolev Tu-95
• Tupolev Tu-114
• Tupolev Tu-116
• Tupolev Tu-126
• Tupolev Tu-142

{{jetspecs

| ref = Aircraft engines of the World 1970,{{cite book |last=Wilkinson |first=Paul H. |title=Aircraft engines of the World 1970 |year=1970 |publisher=Paul H. Wilkinson|location=London |edition=22nd |page=221}} Civil Turboshaft/Turboprop Specifications{{Cite web |url=http://www.jet-engine.net/civtsspec.html |title=Civil Turboshaft/Turboprop Specifications |access-date=2011-04-22 |archive-date=2017-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729043725/http://www.jet-engine.net/civtsspec.html |url-status=dead }}

| type = Turboprop engine

| length = {{cvt|6|m|ft}}

| diameter = {{cvt|1150|mm|in}}

| weight = {{cvt|2900|kg|lb}}

| compressor = 14-stage axial flow

| combustion = 12 combustion chambers

| turbine = 5-stage axial turbine

| fueltype = Aviation kerosene such as JP-4 / Soviet spec. T-1 or T-2

| oilsystem = Pressure spray at {{cvt|85|psi|bar|order=flip}}

| power = {{cvt|15000|shp|kW|order=flip}} (equivalent) / {{cvt|14750|shp|order=flip}} + {{cvt|625|lbf|kN|order=flip}} at 9,250 rpm

| thrust =

| compression = 13:1 at 9,250 rpm

| bypass =

| aircon = {{cvt|65|kg/s|lb/s}} at 9,250 rpm

| turbinetemp = {{cvt|1250|K|C}}

| fuelcon =

| specfuelcon = {{cvt|0.360|lb/hph|kg/kWh|order=flip}}

| power/weight = {{cvt|3.7|kW/kg|hp/lb}}

| thrust/weight =

}}

{{aircontent

| see also =

| related =

| similar aircraft =

| lists =

• List of aircraft engines

| similar engines =

}}

{{reflist}}

{{Commons category}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20110813145414/http://ciad.ssau.ru/work-images/nk-12_big.jpg ciad.ssau.ru - Image]
• [http://www.airventure.de/tipps_zentralfinnisches_luftfahrtmuseum/Museum_Finnland_Kuznetsov_Triebwerk.jpg airventure.de - Image, finnish museum]
• {{cite web |url=http://aerosila.ru/en/products/vozdushnye-vinty-ivintoventilyatory-dlya-samoletov/vintoventilyatory-klass-tyagi-10000-kgs |title=Propfans: Thrust class > 10000 kgf: Technical characteristics |website=Aerosila |archive-date=October 15, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015225141/http://aerosila.ru/en/products/vozdushnye-vinty-ivintoventilyatory-dlya-samoletov/vintoventilyatory-klass-tyagi-10000-kgs}}

{{Kuznetsov aeroengines}}

NK-12

Category:1950s turboprop engines