Kwadacha

{{Use Canadian English|date=January 2023}}

{{Infobox settlement

|official_name = Kwadacha

|other_name = Fort Ware

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|image_skyline = File:Kwadacha Aerial 2016.jpg

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|image_caption = View of Kwadacha from above looking Southeast

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|pushpin_map = Canada British Columbia

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|pushpin_map_caption = Location of Kwadacha in British Columbia

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|coordinates = {{coord|57|25|15|N|125|37|20|W|region:CA-BC_source:http://www4.rncan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique/JDHDB|display=inline,title}}

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|area_code = 250, 778

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Kwadacha, also known as Fort Ware or simply Ware,[http://www4.rncan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique/JDHDB Fort Ware] at the Canadian Geographical Names Database (CGNDB) is an aboriginal community in northern British Columbia, Canada, located in the Rocky Mountain Trench at the confluence of the Finlay, Kwadacha and Fox Rivers, in the Rocky Mountain Trench upstream from the end of the Finlay Reach (north arm) of Williston Lake. The population is about 350.[http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy/funding/current-funding-programs/eii/16132 Front End Engineering and Design Study (FEED) of the Kwadacha Community Energy Project] It is in the federal electoral riding of Prince George-Peace River.

The community is home to Kwadacha First Nation, a Sekani First Nation but a member of the Kaska Dena tribal council.

History

The area is part of the traditional territory of the Sekani-speaking people, the Kwadacha, and called Tahche in their language.{{cite web |title=BC Geographical Names |url=https://apps.gov.bc.ca/pub/bcgnws/names/54738.html |website=apps.gov.bc.ca}}

In 1927, the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) established an outpost of Fort Grahame, naming it the Whitewater trading post. It was first built in Deserters Canyon farther along Finlay River, but was later relocated near the meeting of Fox, Kwadacha and Finlay Rivers. It became a "full-fledged" post in 1929. The fort introduced the local Kwadacha people to its wares as well as commercial trapping, still a mainstay of life in the region and for the Kwadacha First Nation. .

In 1938, the fort was renamed Fort Ware after William Ware (1872-1957). Ware had worked for HBC since 1895, rising from Chief Factor company store at Telegraph Creek in 1911 to the District Manager of Fur Trade (1927-1932).{{cite web |title=Telegraph Creek |url=https://www.gent.name/bc:towns:telegraph_creek:start |website=Doug Gent's History PAges}} William reportedly portaged across Canada to set up Telegraph Creek Trading Post, meeting and hunting with Louis Riel along the way.

The HBC post was closed on 31 May 1953.

=Flooding from Bennett Dam=

The community of Fort Ware was relocated from its original location due to the flooding of the lower Finlay Valley by Lake Williston in the late 1960s.

Some current inhabitants of Fort Ware are relocatees (and their descendants) who formerly lived at locations (such as Finlay Forks, located at the confluence of the Finlay and Parsnip Rivers). Before the Bennett Dam was completed on the Peace River in 1967, the combined flow of the Finlay and Parsnip were the beginning of the Peace River, but which itself is now the Peace Arm of Lake Williston. Finlay Forks was one of several native communities that were flooded out during the creation of Lake Williston (British Columbia's largest lake and one of the world's largest man-made lakes).

Infrastructure

=Transportation=

No provincial highways reach the community, but a logging road extends north from the Prince George region. A 70 km logging road connects the community with the Tsay Keh Dene village, whose people are closely related. Additionally there are a series of horse trails following the rocky mountain trench north, ending at the Alaska highway. These trails are not accessible by vehicle and thus is said to take around two weeks to traverse.

A bridge has been completed across the river that lies on the south side of the village.

The community has a small public airport known as Fort Ware Airport.{{cite web |title=CAJ9 - Fort Ware Airport {{!}} SkyVector |url=https://skyvector.com/airport/CAJ9/Fort-Ware-Airport |website=skyvector.com |access-date=10 October 2021}}

=Communication=

Telephone service was installed in the community by Northwestel in early 1986, connected by satellite to the long-distance network. Dial-up internet was provisioned circa 2005. There is no cellular service. Most air service and call traffic is exchanged southward to Mackenzie and Prince George.

Geography

The mountains which flank the western side of the Trench northwest from Fort Ware are the Omineca Mountains, vast subgroup of the Stikine Ranges. The nearby Muskwa-Kechika Management Area and Kwadacha Wilderness Provincial Park comprise a vast and rugged alpine region spanning the northern Rockies to the north and east of Fort Ware, which are for the most part even more inaccessible than Fort Ware, as are the Omineca Ranges.

Climate

{{Weather box|width=auto

|metric first=y

|single line=y

|location = Kwadacha (Fort Ware), elevation {{convert|777|m|ft|abbr=on}}

|Jan record high C = 3.9

|Feb record high C = 5.6

|Mar record high C = 11.1

|Apr record high C = 22.8

|May record high C = 27.8

|Jun record high C = 33.3

|Jul record high C = 30.0

|Aug record high C = 31.0

|Sep record high C = 27.2

|Oct record high C = 16.7

|Nov record high C = 10.6

|Dec record high C = 2.8

|Jan record low C = -48.3

|Feb record low C = -44.0

|Mar record low C = -39.5

|Apr record low C = -20.6

|May record low C = -8.3

|Jun record low C = -4.4

|Jul record low C = -6.1

|Aug record low C = -3.5

|Sep record low C = -10.0

|Oct record low C = -21.7

|Nov record low C = -35.6

|Dec record low C = -45.6

|Jan high C = -15.2

|Feb high C = -6.4

|Mar high C = 1.0

|Apr high C = 7.8

|May high C = 14.7

|Jun high C = 19.4

|Jul high C = 21.0

|Aug high C = 20.1

|Sep high C = 14.3

|Oct high C = 6.0

|Nov high C = -4.8

|Dec high C = -11.3

| year high C =

|Jan mean C = -19.9

|Feb mean C = -12.1

|Mar mean C = -6.0

|Apr mean C = 1.3

|May mean C = 6.7

|Jun mean C = 11.4

|Jul mean C = 13.6

|Aug mean C = 12.8

|Sep mean C = 7.8

|Oct mean C = 1.1

|Nov mean C = -8.4

|Dec mean C = -15.2

| year mean C =

|Jan low C = -24.4

|Feb low C = -17.8

|Mar low C = -13.0

|Apr low C = -5.3

|May low C = -1.4

|Jun low C = 3.4

|Jul low C = 6.2

|Aug low C = 5.4

|Sep low C = 1.2

|Oct low C = -3.7

|Nov low C = -12.0

|Dec low C = -19.0

| year low C =

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 49.7

|Feb precipitation mm = 38.1

|Mar precipitation mm = 18.0

|Apr precipitation mm = 14.7

|May precipitation mm = 32.9

|Jun precipitation mm = 44.3

|Jul precipitation mm = 68.8

|Aug precipitation mm = 48.5

|Sep precipitation mm = 43.2

|Oct precipitation mm = 27.9

|Nov precipitation mm = 46.8

|Dec precipitation mm = 60.3

|year precipitation mm =

| unit precipitation days =

| Jan precipitation days = 10

| Feb precipitation days = 9

| Mar precipitation days = 5

| Apr precipitation days = 4

| May precipitation days = 7

| Jun precipitation days = 9

| Jul precipitation days = 13

| Aug precipitation days = 10

| Sep precipitation days = 10

| Oct precipitation days = 10

| Nov precipitation days = 10

| Dec precipitation days = 13

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|Jan snow cm = 42.1

|Feb snow cm = 30.3

|Mar snow cm = 13.7

|Apr snow cm = 6.9

|May snow cm = 0.1

|Jun snow cm = 0.0

|Jul snow cm = 0.0

|Aug snow cm = 0.0

|Sep snow cm = 1.2

|Oct snow cm = 9.2

|Nov snow cm = 36.0

|Dec snow cm = 47.0

|year snow cm =

|unit snow days =

|Jan snow days = 9

|Feb snow days = 8

|Mar snow days = 5

|Apr snow days = 2

|May snow days = 0

|Jun snow days = 0

|Jul snow days = 0

|Aug snow days = 0

|Sep snow days = 0

|Oct snow days = 2

|Nov snow days = 9

|Dec snow days = 12

|year snow days =

|source = Environment and Climate Change Canada{{cite web |url= https://climate.weather.gc.ca/doc/En56-60-2-1982.pdf

|title= CANADIAN CLIMATE NORMALS VOLUME 2 TEMPERATURE 1951–1981

|publisher=Environment and Climate Change Canada

|access-date=3 June 2024}}

{{cite web|url= https://climate.weather.gc.ca/doc/En56-60-3-1982.pdf

|title= CANADIAN CLIMATE NORMALS VOLUME 3 PRECIPITATION 1951–1981

|publisher=Environment and Climate Change Canada

|access-date=3 June 2024}}

}}

See also

Further reading

  • {{cite thesis | url=https://era.library.ualberta.ca/items/c7c87a83-8262-451d-a507-53d8cfbc8b79/view/05dba73b-eb93-4ace-82e0-415d1f164f6a/Sims_Daniel_CF_201712_PhD.pdf |last=Sims |first=Daniel |title=Dam Bennett: The Impacts of the W.A.C. Bennett Dam and Williston Lake Reservoir on the Tsek'ehne of Northern British Columbia |year=2017 |type=PhD |website=library.ualberta.ca}}

References