Kyoho (grape)
{{Short description|Variety of grape}}
{{Infobox grape variety
| name = Kyoho
| image = Japan's Kyoho Grapes.jpg
| caption = Kyoho-grape
| color = Noir
| color_alt = Black
| species =
| also_called =
| origin = Japan
| pedigree0 =
| pedigree1 = Ishiharawase
| pedigree2 = Centennia
| regions = Nagano, Yamanashi, Japan
| notable_wines =
| hazards =
| breeder = Yasushi Ōinoue
| institute = Ōinoue Institute for Agronomical & Biological Science
| crossing_year = 1937
| selection_year = 1942
| protection_year = 1955
| seeds_formation = Complete
| flowers_sex = Hermaphrodite
}}
{{nihongo|Kyoho grapes|巨峰葡萄|Kyohō budō|{{lit|giant mountain grape}}"}} are a fox grape (Concord-like) cross popular in East Asia. The fruits are blackish-purple, or almost black, with large seeds and juicy flesh with high sugar content and mild acidity.{{cite web|title=Distribution of the world's grapevine varieties|url=http://oiv.int/public/medias/5865/en-distribution-of-the-worlds-grapevine-varieties.pdf|date=2018-02-28|access-date=2020-10-10|website=oiv.int|publisher=International Organisation of Vine and Wine|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301225900/http://oiv.int/public/medias/5865/en-distribution-of-the-worlds-grapevine-varieties.pdf|archive-date=2018-03-01|url-status=dead}} The variety was first produced by the Japanese viniculturist Yasushi Ohinoue in the 1930s and 1940s by crossing Ishiharawase and Centennial grape varieties (Vitis vinifera × Vitis labrusca).{{cite web|title=Kyoho|work=Vitis International Variety Catalogue|publisher=Julius Kühn-Institut Bundesforschungsinstitut für Kulturpflanzen|url=https://www.vivc.de/index.php?r=akzessionen%2Fviewacc&id=43525|access-date=2020-10-10}}{{cite web|title=Ishihara Wase|work=wein.plus Wine Lexicon|publisher=Wein Plus|url=https://glossary.wein.plus/ishihara-wase|access-date=2020-10-10}}
Features
Kyoho is a tetraploid grape variety, as its breeding parents, ‘Ishiharawase’ and ‘Centennial’ are tetraploid bud sports of ‘Campbell Early’ (V. labruscana) and ‘Rosaki’ (V. vinifera), respectively.{{Cite journal |last1=Yamada |first1=Masahiko |last2=Sato |first2=Akihiko |date=2016 |title=Advances in table grape breeding in Japan |url=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jsbbs/66/1/66_34/_article |journal=Breeding Science |language=en |volume=66 |issue=1 |pages=34–45 |doi=10.1270/jsbbs.66.34 |issn=1344-7610 |pmc=4780801 |pmid=27069389}} Like the Concord, Kyoho is a slip-skin variety, meaning that the skin is easily separated from the fruit. The seeds are bitter and the skin is traditionally not eaten. The grape maintains some of the flavor qualities of the Concord, known to consumers from the flavor of most grape jellies and Concord grape juice.{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/food/la-fo-grapes-s-story.html|title = Kyoho grapes: How to choose, store and prepare|website = Los Angeles Times|date = 6 August 2009}}
Kyoho grapes were first produced in 1937 in Shizuoka Prefecture. They were given their present name in 1946. They are popular in Japan, Taiwan, China, and Korea for their size and very sweet flesh. They are traditionally served peeled as a dessert, and the juice is used in making chūhai cocktails. Areas of production include Nagano Prefecture and Yamanashi Prefecture in Japan, California's Central Valley, Changhua County in Taiwan, and Chile.
In 2015, Kyoho was the world's most cultivated grape variety by land area, at 365,000 ha. More than 90% of the vines are in China.
References
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External links
- [http://www.theproducehunter.com/index.php?mod=product&product=337 Produce Hunter Kyoho information page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228112329/http://www.theproducehunter.com/index.php?mod=product&product=337 |date=2017-12-28 }}
- [http://www.specialtyproduce.com/spNetwork.ASP?Item=2046&WCI=Frameset&WCE=Main Specialty Produce Kyoho information page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928060111/http://www.specialtyproduce.com/spNetwork.ASP?Item=2046&WCI=Frameset&WCE=Main |date=2007-09-28 }}
{{Hybrid grape varieties}}