LOXL2

This gene encodes a member of the lysyl oxidase gene family. The prototypic member of the family is essential to the biogenesis of connective tissue, encoding an extracellular copper-dependent amine oxidase that catalyses the first step in the formation of crosslinks in collagens and elastin. A highly conserved amino acid sequence at the C-terminus end appears to be sufficient for amine oxidase activity, suggesting that each family member may retain this function. The N-terminus is poorly conserved and may impart additional roles in developmental regulation, senescence, tumor suppression, cell growth control, and chemotaxis to each member of the family.

LOXL2 can also crosslink collagen type IV and hence influence the sprouting of new blood vessels.{{cite journal | vauthors = Bignon M, Pichol-Thievend C, Hardouin J, Malbouyres M, Bréchot N, Nasciutti L, Barret A, Teillon J, Guillon E, Etienne E, Caron M, Joubert-Caron R, Monnot C, Ruggiero F, Muller L, Germain S | title = Lysyl oxidase-like protein-2 regulates sprouting angiogenesis and type IV collagen assembly in the endothelial basement membrane | journal = Blood | volume = 118 | issue = 14| pages = 3979–89 | year = 2011 | pmid = 21835952 | doi = 10.1182/blood-2010-10-313296 | s2cid = 16622717 | doi-access = free }}

LOXL2 is an enzyme that is up-regulated in several types of cancer and is associated with a poorer prognosis.{{cite journal | vauthors = Nishioka T, Eustace A, West C | title = Lysyl oxidase: from basic science to future cancer treatment | journal = Cell Struct. Funct. | volume = 37 | issue = 1 | pages = 75–80 | year = 2012 | pmid = 22453058 | doi = 10.1247/csf.11015| doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Cano A, Santamaría PG, Moreno-Bueno G | title = LOXL2 in epithelial cell plasticity and tumor progression | journal = Future Oncol | volume = 8 | issue = 9 | pages = 1095–108 | year = 2012 | pmid = 23030485 | doi = 10.2217/fon.12.105 }} LOXL2 changes the structure of histones (proteins that are attached to DNA){{cite journal |last1=Cebrià-Costa |first1=J. P. |last2=Pascual-Reguant |first2=L. |last3=Gonzalez-Perez |first3=A. |last4=Serra-Bardenys |first4=G. |last5=Querol |first5=J. |last6=Cosín |first6=M. |last7=Verde |first7=G. |last8=Cigliano |first8=R. A. |last9=Sanseverino |first9=W. |last10=Segura-Bayona |first10=S. |last11=Iturbide |first11=A. |last12=Andreu |first12=D. |last13=Nuciforo |first13=P. |last14=Bernado-Morales |first14=C. |last15=Rodilla |first15=V. |last16=Arribas |first16=J. |last17=Yelamos |first17=J. |last18=de Herreros |first18=A. Garcia |last19=Stracker |first19=T. H. |last20=Peiró |first20=S. |title=LOXL2-mediated H3K4 oxidation reduces chromatin accessibility in triple-negative breast cancer cells |journal=Oncogene |date=2 January 2020 |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=79–121 |doi=10.1038/s41388-019-0969-1|hdl=10230/44004 |hdl-access=free }} and thus changes the shape of the cells, making it easier for the cancer cells to metastasize.{{cite journal | vauthors = Moreno-Bueno G, Salvador F, Martín A, Floristán A, Cuevas EP, Santos V, Montes A, Morales S, Castilla MA, Rojo-Sebastián A, Martínez A, Hardisson D, Csiszar K, Portillo F, Peinado H, Palacios J, Cano A | title = Lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2), a new regulator of cell polarity required for metastatic dissemination of basal-like breast carcinomas | journal = EMBO Mol Med | volume = 3 | issue = 9 | pages = 528–544 | year = 2011 | pmid = 21732535 | doi = 10.1002/emmm.201100156 | pmc=3377095}}

An antibody that inhibits the activity of LOXL2, simtuzumab, is currently in clinical trials for the treatment of several types of cancer and fibrotic diseases such as liver fibrosis.{{cite web | url = https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=simtuzumab&Search=Search | title = Search of: simtuzumab - List Results | work = ClinicalTrials.gov | access-date = 25 February 2015 }}

• LOXL1
• LOXL3
• LOXL4

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• {{PDBe-KB2|Q9Y4K0|Lysyl oxidase homolog 2}}

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• {{cite book | vauthors = Csiszar K | title = Lysyl oxidases: a novel multifunctional amine oxidase family | volume = 70 | pages = 1–32 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11642359 | doi = 10.1016/S0079-6603(01)70012-8 | isbn = 978-0-12-540070-1 | series = Progress in Nucleic Acid Research and Molecular Biology }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Molnar J, Fong KS, He QP, Hayashi K, Kim Y, Fong SF, Fogelgren B, Szauter KM, Mink M, Csiszar K | title = Structural and functional diversity of lysyl oxidase and the LOX-like proteins | journal = Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics | volume = 1647 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 220–4 | date = April 2003 | pmid = 12686136 | doi = 10.1016/s1570-9639(03)00053-0 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Maruyama K, Sugano S | title = Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides | journal = Gene | volume = 138 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 171–4 | date = Jan 1994 | pmid = 8125298 | doi = 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Saito H, Papaconstantinou J, Sato H, Goldstein S | title = Regulation of a novel gene encoding a lysyl oxidase-related protein in cellular adhesion and senescence | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 272 | issue = 13 | pages = 8157–60 | date = March 1997 | pmid = 9079631 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.272.13.8157 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S | title = Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library | journal = Gene | volume = 200 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 149–56 | date = October 1997 | pmid = 9373149 | doi = 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Jourdan-Le Saux C, Tronecker H, Bogic L, Bryant-Greenwood GD, Boyd CD, Csiszar K | title = The LOXL2 gene encodes a new lysyl oxidase-like protein and is expressed at high levels in reproductive tissues | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 274 | issue = 18 | pages = 12939–44 | date = April 1999 | pmid = 10212285 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.274.18.12939 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Hein S, Yamamoto SY, Okazaki K, Jourdan-LeSaux C, Csiszar K, Bryant-Greenwood GD | title = Lysyl oxidases: expression in the fetal membranes and placenta | journal = Placenta | volume = 22 | issue = 1 | pages = 49–57 | date = Jan 2001 | pmid = 11162352 | doi = 10.1053/plac.2000.0580 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Akiri G, Sabo E, Dafni H, Vadasz Z, Kartvelishvily Y, Gan N, Kessler O, Cohen T, Resnick M, Neeman M, Neufeld G | title = Lysyl oxidase-related protein-1 promotes tumor fibrosis and tumor progression in vivo | journal = Cancer Research | volume = 63 | issue = 7 | pages = 1657–66 | date = April 2003 | pmid = 12670920 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Rost T, Pyritz V, Rathcke IO, Görögh T, Dünne AA, Werner JA | title = Reduction of LOX- and LOXL2-mRNA expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas | journal = Anticancer Research | volume = 23 | issue = 2B | pages = 1565–73 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12820424 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Vadasz Z, Kessler O, Akiri G, Gengrinovitch S, Kagan HM, Baruch Y, Izhak OB, Neufeld G | title = Abnormal deposition of collagen around hepatocytes in Wilson's disease is associated with hepatocyte specific expression of lysyl oxidase and lysyl oxidase like protein-2 | journal = Journal of Hepatology | volume = 43 | issue = 3 | pages = 499–507 | date = September 2005 | pmid = 16023247 | doi = 10.1016/j.jhep.2005.02.052 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Peinado H, Del Carmen Iglesias-de la Cruz M, Olmeda D, Csiszar K, Fong KS, Vega S, Nieto MA, Cano A, Portillo F | title = A molecular role for lysyl oxidase-like 2 enzyme in snail regulation and tumor progression | journal = The EMBO Journal | volume = 24 | issue = 19 | pages = 3446–58 | date = October 2005 | pmid = 16096638 | pmc = 1276164 | doi = 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600781 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Akagawa H, Narita A, Yamada H, Tajima A, Krischek B, Kasuya H, Hori T, Kubota M, Saeki N, Hata A, Mizutani T, Inoue I | title = Systematic screening of lysyl oxidase-like (LOXL) family genes demonstrates that LOXL2 is a susceptibility gene to intracranial aneurysms | journal = Human Genetics | volume = 121 | issue = 3–4 | pages = 377–87 | date = May 2007 | pmid = 17287949 | doi = 10.1007/s00439-007-0333-3 | s2cid = 25771968 }}

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Category:Lysyl oxidases

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