LaFerrari#FXX-K (2015–2017)

Nine conceptual design studies were considered for the V12 hybrid flagship in 2011, reduced to five in April 2011 (three by Ferrari Centro Stile and two by Pininfarina). Of these, two full-size concepts were built: LaFerrari Concept Manta (internal designation: 2011 Model 2) and LaFerrari Concept Tensostruttura (internal designation 2011 Model 3). These were unveiled at the Ferrari Museum in Maranello, Italy and Ferrari World in Abu Dhabi. The final design of LaFerrari is similar to the Manta concept (Model 2).

The Ferrari Centro Stile cars designed after LaFerrari have design elements reminiscent of the Tensostruttura concept (Model 3) e.g. the SF90 Stradale.{{cite web|url=http://www.autoblog.com/2013/03/26/these-are-two-ferrari-design-studies-that-led-to-the-laferrari/|title=These are two Ferrari design studies that led to LaFerrari|first=Jonathon|last=Ramsey|date=26 March 2013 |access-date=29 December 2016}}

LaFerrari is based on findings from testing of the FXX development prototype and on research being conducted by the Millechili Project at the University of Modena. Association with the Millechili Project led to speculation during development that the car would weigh under {{Convert|1000|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}},{{cite web |url=http://www.autoevolution.com/news/ferrari-inaugurates-mille-chili-laboratory-4324.html |first=Madalina |last=Iancu |title=Ferrari Inaugurates 'Mille Chili' Laboratory |publisher=autoevolution |date=20 February 2009 |access-date=20 December 2009}} but a dry weight of around {{Convert|1255|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} was claimed.{{cite web |last=Cropley |first=Steve |title=Geneva motor show 2013: LaFerrari vs McLaren P1 – full performance figures |url=http://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/geneva-motor-show/geneva-motor-show-2013-laferrari-vs-mclaren-p1-full-performance-figures |work=Autocar |access-date=4 September 2013 |date=5 March 2013}} Only 499 units were produced, and each cost more than 1 million Euros.

The car was unveiled at the 2013 Geneva Auto Show,{{cite web|url=http://www.autoblog.com/2013/03/05/ferrari-laferrari-is-so-nice-we-say-it-twice-w-poll/|title=Ferrari LaFerrari is so nice, we say it twice [w/poll]|first=Jeffrey N.|last=Ross|date=5 March 2013 |access-date=29 December 2016}}{{cite web|url=http://auto.ferrari.com/en_EN/news-events/news/the-laferrari-unveiled-at-genevabran-iconic-name-for-a-car-that-encompasses-the-very-best-of-prancing-horse-passion-technology-and-exclusivity/|title=The LaFerrari unveiled at Geneva|access-date=29 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012044546/http://auto.ferrari.com/en_EN/news-events/news/the-laferrari-unveiled-at-genevabran-iconic-name-for-a-car-that-encompasses-the-very-best-of-prancing-horse-passion-technology-and-exclusivity/|archive-date=12 October 2017|url-status=dead}} followed by Auto Shanghai 2013,{{cite web|url=http://www.torquenews.com/1084/laferrari-supercar-takes-auto-shanghai-2013-storm-video|title=LaFerrari supercar takes Auto Shanghai 2013 by storm [video] – Torque News|date=23 April 2013 |access-date=29 December 2016}}{{cite web|url=http://auto.ferrari.com/en_EN/news-events/news/laferrari-takes-china-by-storm/|title=LaFerrari takes China by storm|access-date=29 December 2016}} 2013 Tour Auto Optic 2000,{{cite web|url=http://auto.ferrari.com/en_EN/news-events/news/laferrari-is-queen-of-france/|title=LaFerrari is queen of France – Ferrari GT – en-EN|access-date=29 December 2016}}{{cite web|url=http://www.hybridcars.com/laferrari-premiered-in-france/|title=LaFerrari Premiered In France - HybridCars.com|date=24 April 2013|access-date=29 December 2016}} 2013 Supercar Chronicle,{{cite web|url=http://www.motorward.com/2013/06/laferrari-celebrates-its-japanese-debut/|title=LaFerrari Celebrates Its Japanese Debut – Motorward|access-date=29 December 2016}}{{cite web|url=http://auto.ferrari.com/en_EN/news-events/news/japanese-debut-for-laferrari/|title=Japanese debut for LaFerrari|access-date=29 December 2016}} Italian Chamber of Commerce in Japan.{{cite web|url=http://auto.ferrari.com/en_EN/news-events/news/150th-anniversary-of-the-relationship-between-italy-and-japan/|title=The 150th anniversary of the relationship between Italy and Japan|access-date=29 December 2016}}

File:Ferrari LaFerrari Aperta (29989480538).jpg

Aperta is the open-top version of LaFerrari. Initially, 200 cars were sold with an additional nine reserved for use during the Ferrari 70th Anniversary celebrations.{{cite news|title=Topless LaFerrari is Unbelievably... |last=Woodard |first=Collin |url=http://www.roadandtrack.com/car-shows/paris-auto-show/news/a30979/ferrari-shows-off-the-topless-laferrari-aperta/|date=29 September 2016|access-date=27 March 2017|publisher=Road & Track}} One more unit was later sold by auction.{{cite web|title=LaFerrari Aperta hammers for 10 million bucks!|last=Vaughn|first=Mark|url=http://autoweek.com/article/car-life/laferrari-aperta-hammers-10-million-bucks|date=2017-09-09|access-date=2018-02-07|work=Autoweek}} The Aperta comes with a removable carbon-fiber hardtop and a removable canvas soft top. Other changes include more efficient powertrain's control electronics, re-angled radiators to direct airflow out along the underbody rather than over the bonnet, a longer front air dam to help increase downforce, an L-shaped flap on the upper corner of each windscreen pillar to reduce compression on the rear of the cabin in the absence of a roof, different door opening angles with different wheel arches and a new carbon-fiber insert allowing the doors to rotate.{{cite web|url=http://www.carmagazine.co.uk/car-news/motor-shows-events/paris/2016/ferrari-unveils-laferrari-spider-at-2016-paris-motor-show/|title=LaFerrari Aperta at Paris 2016: details and pictures of the open-top LaFerrari|access-date=29 December 2016}}

The car was unveiled at the 2016 Paris Motor Show. Like past open-top Ferrari models, it uses the Aperta label to denote its removable roof. According to Ferrari, all 200 units were already pre-sold to customers via invitation.{{cite web|url=http://www.autoblog.com/2016/07/07/laferrari-spider-aperta-name-report/|title=LaFerrari Spider might actually use Aperta name|first=Joel|last=Stocksdale|work=Autoblog|date=7 July 2016|access-date=12 July 2016}}{{cite web|url=http://auto.ferrari.com/en_EN/news-events/news/the-open-top-laferrari-arrives/|title=The LaFerrari Aperta arrives|access-date=29 December 2016}}{{cite web|url=http://www.autoblog.com/2016/09/29/ferrari-laferrari-aperta-revealed-sold-out/|title=Ferrari revealed the LaFerrari Aperta, and yeah, it's already sold out|first=Greg|last=Migliore|date=29 September 2016 |access-date=29 December 2016}}

File:2017-06-30 - Goodwood Festival Of Speed - Ferrari FXXK (34825946973).jpg

The FXX-K is Ferrari's research and development vehicle based on the LaFerrari. The K in the new car's name refers to the kinetic energy recovery system (KERS) which is used to maximize performance. The FXX-K is not intended to be used in competition and was developed to give an uncompromising experience to the driver.

The FXX-K was unveiled at the Yas Marina Circuit in late 2014.{{cite news |last=Joseph |first=Noah |date=2014-12-03 |title=Ferrari reveals LaFerrari-based FXX-K in Abu Dhabi |url=http://www.autoblog.com/2014/12/03/ferrari-reveals-laferrari-based-fxx-k-in-abu-dhabi/ |access-date=2017-06-05 |work=Auto Blog |location=US}}

The hybrid powerplant used in the FXX-K has a total power output of {{convert|1050|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} and over {{convert|900|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}, of which {{convert|860|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} are delivered by the V12 ICE and {{convert|190|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} by the electric motor. The V12 engine has been tuned for track use as well as the HY-KERS system. With a dry weight of {{convert|1165|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}, the FXX-K has extremely effective downforce generation of {{convert|540|kg|lbs|0|abbr=on}} at {{convert|124|mph|kph|0|abbr=on|order=flip}}.{{cite news |last=Moss |first=Darren |date=2014-12-06 |title=2015 Ferrari LaFerrari FXX-K – engine, price and video |url=https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/new-cars/2015-ferrari-laferrari-fxx-k-engine-price-and-video |access-date=2017-06-05 |work=Autocar |location=UK}}{{cite news |last=Sheehan |first=Sam |date=2015-01-05 |title=2015 LaFerrari FXX-K Evo rumoured |url=http://www.evo.co.uk/ferrari/laferrari/14885/laferrari-fxx-k-evoluzione-rumoured |access-date=2017-10-26 |work=Evo Magazine |location=UK}} The car has four driving modes: Qualify (maximum performance on short distance), Long Run (for long-distance driving), Fast Charge (for faster recharging of the battery) and Manual Boost, that uses all of the power of the engine and batteries for maximum torque, cornering and speed. It has F1-based technology, including the E-Diff electronic differential, F1-Trac traction control and racing ABS brakes, all controlled from the centre console (Manettino). Like the preceding FXX and 599XX, the FXX-K is a part of Ferrari's Client Test Driver program, that allows owners of XX cars to drive at special tracks, collecting data for use in future Ferrari road and race cars. The front of the car has a large splitter and twin-profile spoiler, the headlights are very small for improving aerodynamics. On the rear, the tail is higher and includes an electronically operated spoiler with a tail fin and a small wing at the end of each fin to maximize the downforce. The car has a top speed of {{convert|350|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}.

File:Ferrari FXX K Evo (42017945644).jpg

The FXX-K Evo was unveiled at the Ferrari Finali Mondiali 2017 on 28 October 2017 at Stazione Leopolda in Florence during the Ferrari 70th Anniversary celebration. It is an aerodynamic package, available for the existing Ferrari FXX-K. The FXX-K Evo allows the car to produce 23% more downforce than the standard FXX-K and 75% more than the road-legal LaFerrari due to a modified front fascia, a large rear wing and underbody diffusers. Performance and weight figures are unknown but a {{cvt|90|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} decrease in weight is said to estimated by the manufacturer.{{cite news |last=Katsianis |first=Jordan |date=2017-10-30 |title=Ferrari FXX-K EVO – Ferrari's track only FXX-K features tweaked aero and less weight |url=http://www.evo.co.uk/ferrari/laferrari/20266/ferrari-fxx-k-evo-ferrari-s-track-only-fxx-k-features-tweaked-aero-and-less |access-date=2017-11-29 |work=evo |location=UK}}{{cite news |last=Pattni |first=Vijay |date=2017-10-30 |title=The Ferrari FXX-K Evo in numbers |url=https://www.topgear.com/car-news/supercars/ferrari-fxx-k-evo-numbers |access-date=2018-03-15 |work=Top Gear Magazine |location=UK}}

On 29 August 2018, the FXX-K Evo (number 54) was shown again to the public during the Formula 1 Milan Festival 2018 led by former Formula 1 driver Giancarlo Fisichella.{{cite news |date=2018-08-29 |title=GP d'Italia – La Formula 1 dà spettacolo in centro a Milano |trans-title=GP of Italy – Formula 1 gives show in the center of Milan |url=https://www.quattroruote.it/news/eventi/2018/08/29/gp_d_italia_la_formula_1_da_spettacolo_in_centro_a_milano_live.html |access-date=2018-08-30 |work=Quattroruote |location=Italy |language=it}}{{clear}}

File:Geneva MotorShow 2013 - Ferrari LaFerrari engine.jpg

LaFerrari is the first full hybrid produced by the Italian automotive marque,{{Cite web|last=Autoweek|date=2014-10-21|title=LaFerrari's all-electric mode has never been a secret|url=http://autoweek.com/news/a1908626/laferraris-all-electric-mode-has-never-been-secret/|access-date=2021-06-14|website=Autoweek|language=en-US}} providing the highest power output of any Ferrari road car whilst decreasing fuel consumption by 40 per cent.{{cite journal |last=Ebhardt |first=Tommaso |title=Ferrari's F70, an Eco-Friendly Supercar |journal=Bloomberg BusinessWeek |date=24 May 2012 |url=http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-05-24/ferraris-f70-an-eco-friendly-supercar |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120525190208/http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-05-24/ferraris-f70-an-eco-friendly-supercar |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 May 2012 |access-date=12 June 2012}} LaFerrari's internal combustion petrol engine is a longitudinally rear mid-mounted Ferrari F140 direct fuel injected 65° V12 engine with a displacement of {{convert|6262|cc|L|1|abbr=on}} generating a maximum power output of {{convert|800|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} at 9,000 rpm and {{convert|700|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} of torque at 6,750 rpm,{{cite web |url=http://www.automoblog.net/2013/03/06/ferraris-laferrari-unveiled-in-geneva-as-alpha-supercar/ |title=Ferrari's LaFerrari Unveiled in Geneva as Alpha Supercar |website=Automoblog.net |date=6 March 2013 |access-date=7 March 2013}} supplemented by a {{convert|163|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} KERS unit (called HY-KERS), which provides short bursts of extra power.{{cite web|url=http://www.ausmotive.com/2012/02/19/ferrari-f70-to-use-7-3-litre-v12.html |title=Ferrari F70 expected to use 6.5 litre V12 |publisher=AUSmotive.com |access-date=19 February 2012}} The KERS system adds extra power to the combustion engine's power output level for a total of {{convert|963|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} and a combined torque of {{convert|900|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}.{{cite web|last=Howard|first=Bill|title=Ferrari's new 'mild hybrid' LaFerrari supercar produces 936hp|url=http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/150495-ferraris-new-mild-hybrid-laferrari-supercar-produces-963-hp |publisher=Extreme Tech |access-date=14 March 2013}} Ferrari claims CO₂ emissions of 330 g/km. The engine's bore X stroke is {{cvt|94x75.2|mm|2|abbr=on}} with a compression ratio of 13.5:1 and a specific power output of {{convert|128|PS|kW|abbr=on|order=flip}} per liter. It is mated to a 7-speed dual-clutch transmission.

File:Geneva MotorShow 2013 - Ferrari LaFerrari rear wheel.jpg

The car is equipped with carbon-ceramic Brembo brake discs at the front (398 mm) and rear (380 mm),{{cite web |url=http://www.ultimatespecs.com/car-specs/Ferrari/14872/Ferrari-La-Ferrari-F70-F150-HY-KERS-System-963HP.html |title=La Ferrari Technical Data and Specifications |publisher=Ultimatespecs |access-date=10 March 2013}} The car is equipped with Pirelli P Zero Corsa tires measuring 265/30 R 19 (front) and 345/30 R 20 (rear) respectively.{{cite web |url=http://www.motortrend.com/roadtests/exotic/1504_ferrari_laferrari_first_test/specs.html |title=La Ferrari Technical Data and Specifications |publisher=Motor Trend |access-date=20 April 2015 |archive-date=6 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006071701/http://www.motortrend.com/roadtests/exotic/1504_ferrari_laferrari_first_test/specs.html |url-status=dead }}

The car uses a carbon fibre monocoque structure designed by Ferrari's F1 technical director Rory Byrne, with a claimed 27 per cent more torsional rigidity and 22 per cent more beam stiffness than its predecessor.{{cite news |last=Vijayenthiran |first=Viknesh |title=Ferrari's New Flagship Is The 'La Ferrari' Supercar |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/cars/ferraris-new-flagship-is-the-la-ferrari-supercar-video/2013/03/05/59716e72-858b-11e2-a80b-3edc779b676f_story.html |newspaper=Washington Post |access-date=14 April 2013 |date=5 March 2013}} It has a double wishbone suspension in the front and a multi-link suspension in the rear.

LaFerrari has several electronic controls including an electronic stability control, high-performance ABS/EBD (anti-lock braking system/electronic brake distribution), EF1-Trac F1 electronic traction control integrated with the hybrid system, E-Diff 3 third-generation electronic differential, SCM-E Frs magnetorheological damping with twin solenoids (Al-Ni tube), and active aerodynamics, which are controlled by 21 of LaFerrari's onboard computers, to enable maximum performance. The body computer system is developed by Magneti Marelli Automotive Lighting.

Ferrari states that the car has a top speed in excess of {{convert|350|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}. It can go {{convert|0-100|kph|0|abbr=on}} in 2.6 seconds, {{convert|0-200|kph|0|abbr=on}} in under 6.9 seconds, and {{convert|0-300|kph|0|abbr=on}} in 15 seconds were announced by Ferrari. However, the 0–300 figure was later debunked by multiple sources.{{Cite web|url=https://www.autoweek.com/news/a1882071/watch-laferrari-mclaren-p1-and-porsche-918-battle-it-out-track/|title=Watch the LaFerrari, McLaren P1 and Porsche 918 battle it out on-track|date=2 December 2015}} Its verified 0–300 time is 21.99 seconds. Ferrari also claims that the car has lapped its Fiorano Test Circuit in 1:19.70.{{cite web |url=http://www.motortrend.com/roadtests/exotic/1504_ferrari_laferrari_first_test/ |title=LaFerrari |publisher=Motor Trend |access-date=20 April 2015 |archive-date=20 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150420192751/http://www.motortrend.com/roadtests/exotic/1504_ferrari_laferrari_first_test/ |url-status=dead }}{{cite web |url=http://www.laferrari.com/en/techicalspecifications/ |title=Technical specifications |publisher=Ferrari |access-date=6 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110075807/http://www.laferrari.com/en/techicalspecifications/ |archive-date=10 January 2015 |url-status=dead }}

The design of the V12 flagship received no input from Pininfarina, making it the first Ferrari since the Bertone-styled 1973 Dino 308 GT4 not to have Pininfarina bodywork or another styling. This decision is a rare exception to the collaboration between Ferrari and Pininfarina that began in 1951. However, Ferrari has stated that there are no plans to end business relations with Pininfarina.{{cite web |last=Vijayenthiran |first=Viknesh |title=LaFerrari Is First Ferrari Designed Completely In-House |date=7 March 2013 |url=http://www.motorauthority.com/news/1082773_laferrari-is-first-ferrari-designed-completely-in-house |publisher=Motor Authority |access-date=14 March 2013}}

File:LaFerrari front.jpg

The steering wheel has integrated controls and paddle-shifters directly fixed to the steering column, a solution that allows better use in all conditions. The "bridge" which exists between the two seats, designed like a suspended wing, is home to other instruments linked to the dual-clutch gearbox. The instrumentation consists of a {{convert|12.3|in|mm|adj=on}} TFT display with the option to choose between two layouts and can host data from the telemetry system.

LaFerrari coupés were offered a replacement fuel tank due to the possible incorrect adhesion of a layer of paint on the fuel tank leading to a possible fire.{{cite web|url=http://www.autoblog.com/2015/03/18/ferrari-laferrari-fuel-tank-repair/|title=Ferrari replacing fuel tanks on limited number of LaFerraris|first=Noah|last=Joseph|access-date=29 December 2016 | work = AutoBlog |date=18 March 2015 }}

Eighty-five LaFerrari coupés between 2014 and 2015 model years were recalled due to headrests from Lear's L32 seat failing to absorb the required amount of energy, and the tyre-pressure monitoring system displaying the wrong message when a tire suffered a puncture.{{cite web|url=http://www.autoblog.com/2015/06/23/ferrari-laferraris-recalls/|title=Ferrari recalling 85 LaFerraris under two separate campaigns [UPDATE]|first=Noah|last=Joseph|access-date=29 December 2016| work = AutoBlog |date=23 June 2015 }}

The production of the 500th LaFerrari coupé was announced on 31 August 2016. The vehicle was to be sold at auction to benefit the people of central Italy affected by the August 2016 Central Italy earthquake on 24 August 2016.{{cite web|url=http://auto.ferrari.com/en_EN/news-events/news/the-500th-laferrari-to-be-built-to-benefit-the-people-affected-by-the-earthquake/|title=The 500th LaFerrari to be built|access-date=29 December 2016}} Ultimately, it was put up for auction on 3 December 2016, by RM Sotheby's at the Ferrari Finali Mondiali weekend at Daytona International Speedway. All proceeds went to the National Italian American Foundation’s Earthquake Relief Fund.{{cite web | url = https://www.theverge.com/2016/11/29/13782262/ferrari-laferrari-hypercar-charity-auction-italy-earthquake | title = Ferrari is auctioning the last new LaFerrari for charity – To help rebuild central Italy after a devastating earthquake | first = Jordan | last = Golson | work = The Verge | date = 29 November 2016 }} Sales proceeds amounted to US$7 million.{{cite news|last1=Mate|first1=Betrank|title=The 500th LaFerrari Sold For $7 Million|url=http://www.roadandtrack.com/new-cars/news/a31800/the-500th-laferrari-sold-for-7-million/|access-date=27 March 2017|publisher=Road & Track|date=5 December 2016}}

In 2017, the last unit of LaFerrari Aperta was auctioned for charity for US$10 million.{{cite web |url=https://www.rmsothebys.com/ff17/ferrari--leggenda-e-passione/lots/2017-ferrari-laferrari-aperta/1705817 |title=RM Sotheby's – 2017 Ferrari LaFerrari Aperta | Ferrari – Leggenda e Passione 2017 |publisher=Rmsothebys.com |date=2017-10-05 |access-date=2018-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122161411/https://www.rmsothebys.com/ff17/ferrari--leggenda-e-passione/lots/2017-ferrari-laferrari-aperta/1705817 |archive-date=22 January 2018 |url-status=dead }}

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Hublot Manufacture produced 60 MP-05 "LaFerrari" hand-wound tourbillon wristwatches inspired by LaFerrari coupé.{{cite web|url=http://www.autoblog.com/2013/04/26/amazing-laferrari-tribute-watch-more-intricate-than-the-real-thi/|title=Amazing LaFerrari tribute watch more intricate than the real thing [w/video]|first=Jonathon|last=Ramsey|date=26 April 2013 |access-date=29 May 2017}}{{cite web|url=http://www.hublot.com/en/collection/mp/mp-05-laferrari-all-black|title=Hublot MP-35 LAFERRARI – Ferrari watches – Titanium watches|access-date=29 December 2016}} The watch has 50 days of power reserve due to the usage of 11 barrels.{{Cite news|url=https://www.revolution.watch/power-reserve-battle-royale/?archive|title=Power Reserve Battle Royale: Who wants a longer power reserve? – Revolution|date=2017-02-16|work=Revolution|access-date=2018-01-16|language=en-US}}

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