La Galissonnière-class ironclad

The La Galissonnière-class ironclads were designed as faster, more heavily armed versions of the {{sclass|Alma|ironclad|1}}s by Henri Dupuy de Lôme. They used the same central battery layout as their predecessors, although the battery was lengthened {{convert|4|m|ftin|sp=us}} to provide enough room to work the larger {{convert|240|mm|adj=on|1|sp=us}} guns. A two-propeller layout was adopted in an unsuccessful attempt to reduce the ship's draft. The two later ships were designed by Sabattier who reduced the number of screws from two to one to improve their sailing qualities, added an {{convert|194|mm|1|sp=us|adj=on}} bow chaser under the forecastle and increased the caliber of the secondary armament.

La Galissonnière measured {{convert|76.62|m|ftin|sp=us}} between perpendiculars, with a beam of {{convert|14.84|m|ftin|sp=us}}. She had a mean draft of {{convert|6.55|m|ftin|sp=us}} and displaced {{convert|4654|t|LT|sp=us}}. The ship had a metacentric height of {{convert|.926|m|ftin|sp=us}}.Wright, p. 59 Victorieuse and Triomphante were {{convert|76.85|m|ftin|sp=us}} between perpendiculars and had a beam of {{convert|14.88|m|ftin|sp=us}}. The two ships had a mean draft of {{convert|6.3|m|ftin|sp=us}} and displaced {{convert|4150|t|LT|sp=us}}. The crew of all three ships numbered between 352 and 382 officers and men.Gardiner, p. 302

La Galissonnière had two Wolf vertical compound steam engines, each driving a single {{convert|3.8|m|ftin|adj=on|sp=us}} propeller.Wright, p. 60 Her engines were powered by four oval boilers. On sea trials the engines produced a total of {{convert|2370|ihp|lk=in}} and the ship reached {{convert|13.08|kn|lk=in}}. La Galissonnière carried {{convert|500|MT|LT}} of coal which allowed the ship to steam for {{convert|3240|nmi}} at a speed of {{convert|10|kn}}. She was ship-rigged with three masts and had a sail area around {{convert|1707|sqm|sqft|sp=us}}.

Victorieuse and Triomphante had a single vertical compound steam engine driving a single propeller and the same boilers as La Galissonnière. During trials their engines produced {{convert|2214|ihp}} and the ships reached {{convert|12.75|kn}}. They only carried {{convert|330|MT|LT}} of coal which allowed the ships to steam for {{convert|2740|nmi}} at a speed of {{convert|10|kn}}. They were also ship-rigged with three masts, but had a sail area of {{convert|1730|sqm|sqft|sp=us}}.de Balincourt and Vincent-Bréchignac 1976, p. 26

All three ships mounted four of their six Canon de 24 C modèle 1870 (9.4 in) guns in the central battery on the battery deck. The other two 240-millimeter guns were mounted in barbettes on the upper deck, sponsoned out over the sides of the ship. In La Galissonnière the sponsons were positioned abaft the funnel, but the two later ships had theirs just forward of the funnel.Wright, pp. 59–60 La Galissonnière{{'}}s secondary armament of four {{convert|120|mm|in|adj=on|sp=us}} guns was also mounted on the upper deck. They were replaced by six {{convert|100|mm|in|adj=on|sp=us}} guns in 1880.

The armor-piercing shell of the 19-caliber 240-millmeter gun weighed {{convert|317.5|lb|kg|1}} while the gun itself weighed {{convert|15.41|LT|t}}. It had a muzzle velocity of {{convert|1624|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on}} and was credited with the ability to penetrate a nominal {{convert|14.4|in|mm|0}} of wrought iron armour at the muzzle. The guns could fire both solid shot and explosive shells.Brassey, p. 477

The ship received four {{convert|37|mm|in|adj=on|sp=us}} Hotchkiss 5-barrel revolving guns in 1878.de Balincourt and Vincent-Bréchignac, p. 31 They fired a shell weighing about {{convert|500|g|lb|abbr=on}} at a muzzle velocity of about {{convert|610|m/s|ft/s|abbr=on}} to a range of about {{convert|3200|m|yd|sp=us}}. They had a rate of fire of about 30 rounds per minute.{{cite web|url=http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNUS_1pounder_m1.htm|title=United States of America 1-pdr (0.45 kg) 1.46" (37 mm) Marks 1 through 15|date=15 August 2008|access-date=22 December 2009|publisher=Navweps.com}} La Galissonnière also received several towed Harvey torpedoes.

While Victorieuse and Triomphant were on the stocks, their armament was reinforced by an additional 194-millimeter chase gun and the secondary armament was increased to six {{convert|138|mm|in|adj=on|sp=us}} guns. They also received the Hotchkiss guns and Harvey torpedoes as per La Galissonnière before completion. The 20-caliber 194-millimeter gun fired an armor-piercing, {{convert|165.3|lb|kg|1|adj=on}} shell while the gun itself weighed {{convert|7.83|LT|t}}. The gun fired its shell at a muzzle velocity of {{convert|1739|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on}} and was credited with the ability to penetrate a nominal {{convert|12.5|in}} of wrought iron armour at the muzzle. The 138-millimeter gun was 21 calibers long and weighed {{convert|2.63|LT|t}}. It fired a {{convert|61.7|lb|kg|1|adj=on}} explosive shell that had a muzzle velocity of {{convert|1529|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on}}.

The La Galissonnière-class ships had a complete {{convert|150|mm|in|sp=us|1|adj=on}} wrought iron waterline belt, approximately {{convert|2.4|m|ft|sp=us|1}} high laid over {{convert|650|mm|in|sp=us}} of wood. The sides of the battery itself were armored with {{convert|120|mm|in|sp=us|1}} of wrought iron backed by {{convert|520|mm|in|sp=us}} of wood and the ends of the battery were closed by bulkheads of the same thickness. The barbette armor was {{convert|120|mm|in|sp=us}} thick.de Balincourt and Vincent-Bréchignac 1976, p. 27 The unarmored portions of their sides were protected by thin iron plates.

La Galissonnière{{'}}s initial commissions were in the Pacific and in the Caribbean, but she was assigned to the Levant Squadron ({{langx|fr|Division Navale du Levant}}) when she bombarded the Tunisian port of Sfax in July 1881 as part of the French occupation of Tunisia.Wilson, pp. 2–3 In early 1882 La Galissonnière was the flagship of the Levant Squadron under Rear Admiral Alfred Conrad.Wright, p. 58 Both La Galissonnière and Triomphante were assigned to the Far East Squadron in 1884, under the command of Vice Admiral Amédée Courbet, and participated in several actions during the Sino-French War of 1884–85. Both ships fought in the Battle of Fuzhou, destroying a small Chinese fleet and coastal defenses defending the Min River.Wilson, pp. 4–12 They supplied landing parties during the Battle of Tamsui in October 1884, but they were forced to retreat by Chinese troops, although suffering few casualties (11 killed and 4 wounded between the two ships).de Balincourt and Vincent-Bréchignac 1976, pp. 31–32 Nothing is known of any further participation by La Galissonnière in the war, but Triomphante helped to capture the Pescadore Islands in March 1885 during the Pescadores Campaign.

Victorieuse was placed into reserve after she finished her sea trials in 1876. She had two commissions as flagship of the Pacific and China Squadrons and was relieved as the flagship of the latter by La Galissonnière in April 1884. She became flagship of the Levant Squadron after she arrived in France, but was in bad shape and soon placed in reserve at Cherbourg. Victorieuse was on summer maneuvers off the Iberian coast in July 1893.{{cite journal|date=4 July 1893|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1893/07/04/archives/frances-naval-manoeuvres-her-war-ships-ready-to-watch-the-evolu.html|title=France's Naval Manoeuvres|journal=New York Times|location=New York|access-date=18 July 2010}} The ship was initially condemned in May 1897, but this was reversed so she could convoy torpedo boats to Bizerte. That plan was later cancelled and Victorieuse was paid off in 1899, becoming guardship of the outer harbor at Brest until finally condemned the following year.

{{reflist|30em}}

• {{cite book|last=Brassey|first=Thomas|authorlink=Thomas Brassey, 1st Earl Brassey|title=The Naval Annual 1887|url=https://archive.org/details/brasseysannual00brasgoog|year=1888|publisher=J. Griffin|location=Portsmouth, England}}
• {{cite journal|last=de Balincourt|first=Captain|author2=Vincent-Bréchignac, Captain|year=1976|title=The French Navy of Yesterday: Ironclad Corvettes|journal=F.P.D.S. Newsletter|publisher=F.P.D.S.|location=Akron, OH|volume=IV|issue=4|pages=26–32 |oclc=41554533}}
• {{cite book|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905|editor=Gardiner, Robert|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|location=Greenwich|year=1979|isbn=0-8317-0302-4|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/conwaysallworlds0000unse_l2e2}}
• {{cite book

|last=Roberts

|first=Stephen

|title=French Warships in the Age of Steam 1859–1914

|year=2021

|location=Barnsley

|publisher=Seaforth

|isbn=978-1-5267-4533-0

|ref={{sfnref|Roberts}}

}}

• {{cite book|last=Wilson|first=Herbert Wrigley|title=Ironclads in Action: A Sketch of Naval Warfare from 1855 to 1895|url=https://archive.org/details/ironcladsinacti00wilsgoog|year=1896|publisher=S. Low, Marston and Company|location=London|oclc=1111061}}
• {{cite journal|last=Wright|first=Christopher C.|year=1982|title=La Galissonnière, the French Flagship at Alexandria in 1882|journal=Warship International|publisher=International Naval Research Organization|location=Toledo, OH|volume=XIX|issue=1|issn=0043-0374}}

{{La Galissonnière class ironclad}}

{{French ironclads}}

{{Good article}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:La Galissonniere class ironclad}}

Category:Ships built in France

Category:Corvettes of France

Category:Ship classes of the French Navy