Labile cell

{{short description|Cell that multiplies constantly throughout life}}

In cellular biology, labile cells are cells that continuously multiply and divide throughout life .{{Cite book |title=Encyclopedia of Toxicology |year=2005 |isbn=9780080548005 |edition=2nd | vauthors = Anderson B, Peyster A, Gad SC, Bert Hakkinen PJ, Kamrin M, Locey B, Mehendale HM, Pope C, Shugart L |publisher=Elsevier | display-authors = 6 }}{{cite encyclopedia | url = http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/562261/stable-cell#tab=active~checked%2Citems~checked&title=stable%20cell%20--%20Britannica%20Online%20Encyclopedia | encyclopedia = Encyclopædia Britannica Online | title = Labile cell }} Labile cells replace the cells that are lost from the body. When injured, labile cells are repaired rapidly due to an aggressive TR response. This continual division of labile cells allows them to reproduce new stem cells and replace functional cells that are lost in the body. Functional cells may be lost through necrosis, which is the premature death of cells caused by environmental disturbances, such as diseases or injuries.{{cite journal | vauthors = Fink SL, Cookson BT | title = Apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necrosis: mechanistic description of dead and dying eukaryotic cells | journal = Infection and Immunity | volume = 73 | issue = 4 | pages = 1907–1916 | date = April 2005 | pmid = 15784530 | pmc = 1087413 | doi = 10.1128/IAI.73.4.1907-1916.2005 }} Functional cells may also need to be replaced after undergoing apoptosis, which is the programmed death of cells that occurs normally as part of an organism's development. Labile cells continually regenerate by undergoing mitosis and are one of three types of cells that are involved in cell division, classified by their regenerative capacity. {{Citation needed|date=October 2023}} The other two cell types include stable cells and permanent cells. Each of these three cell types respond to injuries to their corresponding tissues differently. Stable cells, unlike labile cells, are typically not dividing and only do so when an injury occurs.{{Cite web |title=Stable cell {{!}} biology {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/stable-cell |access-date=2023-07-30 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}} Permanent cells are not capable of division after maturing.{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Permanent cell {{!}} biology | encyclopedia = Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/permanent-cell |access-date=2023-07-30 |language=en}}

Some examples of labile cells, which act as stem cells, include skin cells, such as the epidermis , the epithelia of ducts, hematopoietic stem cells, cells within the gastrointestinal tract, and some cells found within bone marrow.{{Cite web | vauthors = McDaniel B |url=http://www.stomponstep1.com/cell-cycle-interphase-labile-cell-stable-permanent-tissue/|title=Cell Cycle|date=2014-06-15|newspaper=Stomp On Step1|language=en-US|access-date=2016-11-05}}

Labile cells exhibit a very short G1 phase and never enter G0 phase (the resting phase), as they are continually proliferating throughout their life.