Labour Front

{{Infobox political party

| name = Labour Front

| native_name =

| lang1 = Malay

| name_lang1 = Barisan Buroh

| lang2 = Chinese

| name_lang2 = 勞工陣綫
Láogōng Zhènxiàn

| lang3 = Tamil

| name_lang3 = தொழும் முன்னணி
Toḻum muṉṉaṇi

| lang4 = English

| name_lang4 = Labour Front

| logo = File:LF Logo.svg

| country = Singapore

| colorcode = {{party color|Labour Front}}

| founder = {{ubl|David Saul Marshall|Lim Yew Hock|Francis Thomas}}

| split = Labour Party

| foundation = {{start date and age|df=yes|1954|8|21}}

| dissolution = {{start date and age|df=yes|1960|2|28}}

| ideology = {{ubl|Social democracy|Democratic socialism|Progressivism|Left-wing nationalism|Anti-imperialism}}

| position = Centre-left to left-wing

| international =

| predecessor =

| merged =

}}

The Labour Front (abbreviation: LF), was a political party in Singapore that operated from 1955 to 1960. It won the 1955 legislative assembly election, and lasted for one term as the ruling coalition.{{cite web |url=https://www.nlb.gov.sg |last=Chia |first=Joshua YF |title=Labour Front |website=National Library Board}}

History

LF was founded in 25 August 1954, as an alliance between the Singapore Labour Party (SLP) and the Singapore Socialist Party (SSP), the latter was itself an offshoot from SLP. LF was created to contest the 1955 legislative election by David Marshall, Singapore's first chief minister and Lim Yew Hock, Singapore's second chief minister.{{cite book |title=Political development in Singapore, 1945–55 |publisher=Singapore University Press. |date=1973 |last=Yeo |first=K.W. |page=114}} {{cite news |title=New Labour Front formed in colony |date=22 August 1954 |work=The Straits Times }} LF had called for self-government through unity with the Federation of Malaya, creation of citizenship and setting up a welfare state with housing loans, medical services, unemployment insurance and minimum wage. It also wanted to repeal the emergency regulations and amend the trade union ordinance for greater autonomy. {{cite news |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19550402-1.2.6 |work=The Straits Times |title=The Party Manifestoes |date=2 April 1955}} A centre-left grouping, LF won 10 out of 25 elected seats in the legislative assembly and formed the first elected government of Singapore, which at that time was a British crown colony.

In April 1956, Marshall led an all-party delegation to London for talks with the British, in the first of what would later be known as the Merdeka talks. {{cite book |title=A Sensation of Independence: A Political Biography of David Marshall |publisher=Singapore: Marshall Cavendish |last=Chan |first=Heng Chee |edition=2008}} {{cite report |title=All-Party Mission to London, Report on Singapore All-Party Mission to London, April/May 1956 |publisher=Govt. Print. Off. |date=1945 |location=National Library of Singapore |docket=RCLOS 342.5957 SIN}} The talks resulted in a deadlock as both sides refused to compromise on the security arrangements.{{cite news |title=Drama of the Last Hours |last=Miller |first=Harry |work=The Straits Times |date=17 May 1956 }} Marshall's administration failed to gain approval from Britain for Singapore's independence; in taking responsibility for the failure, Marshall resigned in April 1956; {{cite news |title=Marshall to Resign on June 6 |last=Miller |first=Harry |work=The Straits Times |date=21 May 1956 }} {{cite news |title=The Marshall Diary |last=Miller |first=Harry |work=The Straits Times |date=6 June 1956 }}{{cite web |url=https://www.nlb.gov.sg |title=Merdeka talks |last=Lee |first=Meiyu |website=National Library Board}} and soon went on to form the Workers' Party. Critics believed that the British were not convinced of Marshall's ability to govern Singapore well and deal with the rising threat of insurgency carried out in the name of communism.{{citation needed|date=April 2025}} Marshall was succeeded by his deputy, Lim.

The LF-alliance government had faced various challenges in the nascent years of local governance.{{cite web |last=Lim |first=Tin Seng |url=https://www.nlb.gov.sg |title=1955 Legislative Assembly general election |website=National Library Board}} {{cite report |title=Singapore Legislative Assembly, Governor's Address vol. 1 of Debates: Official Report |publisher=Govt. Print. Off. |date=22 April 1955 |location=National Library of Singapore |docket=RCLOS 328.5957 SIN}} Apart from the threat of the underground communist movement, Singapore faced problems in public order, poor economy, poor housing and sanitation, low living standards and government corruption. The then-opposition People's Action Party (PAP), led by Lee Kuan Yew, grilled the LF-alliance government several times on these issues in the legislative assembly sessions.{{citation needed|date=April 2025}} Nevertheless, the LF-alliance government were able to implement a slew of measures that improved workers' welfare, such as ratifying the labour code, and establishing the Central Provident Fund, Meet-the-People Sessions and Legal Aid Bureau. It was also credited with inculcating nationalistic sentiments into the populace, in lieu of colonial subservience, and resolving various constitutional challenges such as citizenship, Chinese education, and language. Through the Merdeka talks, Marshall had also set the framework to direct future negotiations towards realizing full independence.{{cite journal | vauthors=((Low, J.)) |journal=Journal of Southeast Asian Studies | title=Kept in position: The Labour Front-Alliance Government of Chief Minister David Marshall in Singapore, April 1955 - June 1956 |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=41–64 | publisher=Cambridge University Press | date=1 February 2004 | url=https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-114741943/kept-in-position-the-labour-front-alliance-government |doi=10.1017/S0022463404000037|url-access=subscription }}

Under Lim's leadership, the LF-alliance government had ruthlessly suppressed the Chinese school rioters in October 1956, and many pro-communist union leaders in the PAP were detained under the Internal Security Act. The tough measures may have alienated a large portion of the Chinese speaking electorate. {{cite news |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19841201-1.2.25.4 |title=Man who thumped the Reds |last=Reutens |first=Lulin |work=The Straits Times |date=1 December 1984}} In 1957 and 1958, two all-party delegations led by Lim eventually negotiated Singapore's status to be a self-governing state with a Yang di-Pertuan Negara, to represent the titular head of state.{{cite book|author1=Edwin Lee Siew Cheng|author2=Edwin Lee|title=Singapore: the unexpected nation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nSqXGSinwP4C&pg=PA139|access-date=9 April 2011|year=2008|publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies|isbn=978-981-230-796-5|page=139}} {{cite book |title=A history of modern Singapore, 1819-2005 |last=Turnbull |first=C.M. |date=2009 |pages=264-266 |publisher=NUS Press |isbn=978-9971-69-430-2}} In 1959, the majority of LF led by Lim, left the core party to merge with the Liberal Socialists to form the Singapore People's Alliance (SPA). {{cite news |title=Mr Lim leads new party |work=The Straits Times |date=11 November 1958}} In the 1959 elections, the PAP won 43 of 51 seats in the legislative assembly, with a popular vote of 53%, having campaigned on an anti-colonial platform with an ambition to initiate reforms to improve the economy and living standards of the people, as well as eradicate corruption in the government. The SPA lost power and was reduced to only a handful of seats in opposition, while the residual LF was reduced to a very small fraction of the original party and was eventually dissolved in 1960. {{cite news |title=End of the Front |work=The Straits Times |date=1 March 1960}}

Election results

=Legislative Assembly=

class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
rowspan=3 \| Election ! rowspan=3 \| Leader ! rowspan=3 \| Votes ! rowspan=3 \| % ! colspan=6 \| Seats{{ref\|1\|1}} ! rowspan=3 \| Nominated ! rowspan=3 \| Position ! rowspan=3 \| Result
rowspan=2 \| Up for Contest ! colspan=3 \| Contested ! rowspan=2 \| Total ! rowspan=2 \| +/–
Seats ! Won ! Lost
1955 \|David Marshall \| 42,300 \| 27.06% \| 25 \| 17 \| 10 \| 7 \| {{Composition bar\|10\|25\|{{party color\|Labour Front}} }} \| {{small\|{{Increase}} 10}} \| {{Composition bar\|2\|4\|brown}} \| {{small\|{{Increase}} 1st}} \|{{yes2\|Coalition Gov't}}{{ref\|2\|2}}
1959 \|Francis Thomas \| 3,414 \| 0.65% \| 51 \| 3 \| 0 \| 3 \| {{Composition bar\|0\|51\|{{party color\|Labour Front}}}} \| {{small\|{{Decrease}} 10}} \| {{N/A}} \| {{small\|{{Decrease}} 7th}} \|{{no2\|No seats}}

class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"

rowspan=3 | Election

! rowspan=3 | Leader

! rowspan=3 | Votes

! rowspan=3 | %

! colspan=6 | Seats{{ref|1|1}}

! rowspan=3 | Nominated

! rowspan=3 | Position

! rowspan=3 | Result

rowspan=2 | Up for
Contest

! colspan=3 | Contested

! rowspan=2 | Total

! rowspan=2 | +/–

Seats

! Won

! Lost

1955

|David Marshall

| 42,300

| 27.06%

| 25

| 17

| 10

| 7

| {{Composition bar|10|25|{{party color|Labour Front}} }}

| {{small|{{Increase}} 10}}

| {{Composition bar|2|4|brown}}

| {{small|{{Increase}} 1st}}

|{{yes2|Coalition Gov't}}{{ref|2|2}}

1959

|Francis Thomas

| 3,414

| 0.65%

| 51

| 3

| 0

| 3

| {{Composition bar|0|51|{{party color|Labour Front}}}}

| {{small|{{Decrease}} 10}}

| {{N/A}}

| {{small|{{Decrease}} 7th}}

|{{no2|No seats}}

{{note|1}} 1955 election: 25 of the 32 seats are directly-elected, 4 are nominated and 3 are ex-officio. 1959 election: All 51 seats are directly-elected.
{{note|2}} Coalition government was formed with LF's 10 elected and 2 nominated members (12 seats), UMNO (1 seat), MCA (1 seat), and ex-officio (3 seats).

==Seats Contested==

class="wikitable mw-collapsible;" style="text-align: center"
Election !Constituencies contested !Contested Vote %{{cite web \|url=https://sg-elections.com/\|title=Singapore Elections}} !Swing
1955 \| {{left}}Bukit Panjang, Bukit Timah, Cairnhill, Changi, Farrer Park, Geylang, Havelock, Kampong Kapor, Katong, Pasir Panjang, Queenstown, Rochore, Seletar, Stamford, Tanglin, Telok Ayer, Whampoa \| {{center}}38.7% \| -
1959 \| {{left}}Jalan Besar, Serangoon Gardens, Thomson \| 11.7% \|{{nowrap\|{{small\|{{decrease}} 27.0%}}}}

class="wikitable mw-collapsible;" style="text-align: center"

Election

!Constituencies contested

!Contested Vote %{{cite web |url=https://sg-elections.com/|title=Singapore Elections}}

!Swing

1955

| {{left}}Bukit Panjang, Bukit Timah, Cairnhill, Changi, Farrer Park, Geylang, Havelock, Kampong Kapor, Katong, Pasir Panjang, Queenstown, Rochore, Seletar, Stamford, Tanglin, Telok Ayer, Whampoa

| {{center}}38.7%

| -

1959

| {{left}}Jalan Besar, Serangoon Gardens, Thomson

| 11.7%

|{{nowrap|{{small|{{decrease}} 27.0%}}}}

=Legislative Assembly By-election=

class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
rowspan=3 \| Election !rowspan=3 \| Leader !rowspan=3 \| Constituency contested !rowspan=3 \| Votes !rowspan=3 \| % !colspan=4 \| Seats !rowspan=3 \| Result
colspan=2 \| Contested !rowspan=2 \| Total !rowspan=2 \| +/–
Won !Lost
1957 \| Lim Yew Hock \| Cairnhill \| 1,118 \| 19.2% \| 0 \| 1 \| {{Composition bar\|0\|1\|{{party color\|Labour Front}}}} \| {{steady}} \| {{no2\|Lost}}

class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"

rowspan=3 | Election

!rowspan=3 | Leader

!rowspan=3 | Constituency
contested

!rowspan=3 | Votes

!rowspan=3 | %

!colspan=4 | Seats

!rowspan=3 | Result

colspan=2 | Contested

!rowspan=2 | Total

!rowspan=2 | +/–

Won

!Lost

1957

| Lim Yew Hock

| Cairnhill

| 1,118

| 19.2%

| 0

| 1

| {{Composition bar|0|1|{{party color|Labour Front}}}}

| {{steady}}

| {{no2|Lost}}

=City Council=

class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
rowspan=3 \| Election ! rowspan=3 \| Votes ! rowspan=3 \| % ! colspan=6 \| Seats
rowspan=2 \| Up for Contest ! colspan=3 \| Contested ! rowspan=2 \| Total ! rowspan=2 \| +/–
Seats ! Won ! Lost
1957 \| 25,711 \| 15.90% \| 32 \| 16 \| 4 \| 12 \| {{Composition bar\|4\|32\|brown}} \| {{small\|{{Increase}}4}}
1958 \| 3,566 \| 43.47% \| 1 \| 1 \| 0 \| 1 \| {{Composition bar\|4\|32\|{{party color\|Labour Front}}}} \| {{Steady}}

class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"

rowspan=3 | Election

! rowspan=3 | Votes

! rowspan=3 | %

! colspan=6 | Seats

rowspan=2 | Up for
Contest

! colspan=3 | Contested

! rowspan=2 | Total

! rowspan=2 | +/–

Seats

! Won

! Lost

1957

| 25,711

| 15.90%

| 32

| 16

| 4

| 12

| {{Composition bar|4|32|brown}}

| {{small|{{Increase}}4}}

1958

| 3,566

| 43.47%

| 1

| 0

| 1

| {{Composition bar|4|32|{{party color|Labour Front}}}}

| {{Steady}}

Prominent Members

{{Multiple image

| direction = horizontal

| total_width = 400

| image1 = David Marshall with "B" Company during WWII (cropped).jpg

| image2 = Lim Yew Hock (cropped).jpg

| image3 = Francis Thomas in 1948.png

| caption1 =

| footer = (L–R) David Marshall, Lim Yew Hock, and Francis Thomas, the three founders of Labour Front.

}}

David Marshall, first Chief Minister, member of the first Legislative Assembly of Singapore representing Cairnhill{{Cite web|title=Singapore Legislative Assembly General Election 1955 > Cairnhill|url=https://sg-elections.com/general-election/1955/cairnhill.html|access-date=27 June 2020|website=www.singapore-elections.com|archive-date=5 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105114718/http://www.singapore-elections.com/general-election/1955/cairnhill.html|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|title=Council of Ministers of Singapore, 1955 - BookSG - National Library Board, Singapore|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/printheritage/image.aspx?id=a949332d-b9dc-4c59-9e3d-c65d037ed415|access-date=27 June 2020|website=eresources.nlb.gov.sg}}{{Cite web|title=Mr. David Marshall at the opening session of the Merdeka Talks in London in 1956 - BookSG - National Library Board, Singapore|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/printheritage/image.aspx?id=c5aa6b08-57ac-4b65-9a05-b05778e3da09|access-date=27 June 2020|website=eresources.nlb.gov.sg}}
Lim Yew Hock, second Chief Minister, Minister for Labour and Welfare (1955–1959), member of the second Legislative Council of Singapore representing Keppel,{{Cite web|title=Singapore Legislative Council General Election 1951|url=https://sg-elections.com/general-election/1951/|access-date=27 June 2020|website=www.singapore-elections.com|archive-date=27 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727104737/http://www.singapore-elections.com/general-election/1951/|url-status=live}} member of the first Legislative Assembly of Singapore representing Havelock,{{Cite web|title=Singapore Legislative Assembly General Election 1955 > Havelock|url=https://sg-elections.com/general-election/1955/havelock.html|access-date=27 June 2020|website=www.singapore-elections.com|archive-date=8 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108200438/http://www.singapore-elections.com/general-election/1955/havelock.html|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|title=A Labour Front (LF) electoral leaflet about Lim Yew Hock|url=http://roots.sg/learn/collections/listing/1149250|access-date=27 June 2020|website=www.roots.sg|language=en|archive-date=27 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627175428/https://www.roots.sg/learn/collections/listing/1149250|url-status=dead}} member of the second Legislative Assembly of Singapore representing Cairnhill{{Cite web|title=Singapore Legislative Assembly General Election 1959 > Cairnhill|url=https://sg-elections.com/general-election/1959/cairnhill.html|access-date=27 June 2020|website=www.singapore-elections.com|archive-date=31 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131021754/http://www.singapore-elections.com/general-election/1959/cairnhill.html|url-status=live}}
Francis Thomas, Minister for Communications and Works (1955–1959), Principal of St. Andrew's Secondary School (1963–1974){{Cite web|title=Our School|url=https://standrewssec.moe.edu.sg/about-sass/our-school|access-date=27 June 2020|website=standrewssec.moe.edu.sg}}{{Cite web|last=Librarian|first=Rojak|date=7 July 2016|title=Rojak Librarian: Francis Thomas (All Saints Memorial)|url=https://mymindisrojak.blogspot.com/2016/07/francis-thomas-all-saints-memorial.html|access-date=27 June 2020|website=Rojak Librarian}}{{Cite web|title=PRESIDENT OF LABOUR FRONT FRANCIS THOMAS (RIGHT) AT A …|url=https://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/photographs/record-details/9f4a2b89-1162-11e3-83d5-0050568939ad|access-date=27 June 2020|website=www.nas.gov.sg}}{{Cite web|title=My grandfather's road...really|url=https://www.asiaone.com/News/Latest+News/Singapore/Story/A1Story20120612-352250/2.html|access-date=27 June 2020|website=www.asiaone.com}}{{Cite web|title=The Politics of Defeat|url=https://www.ethosbooks.com.sg/products/the-politics-of-defeat|access-date=27 June 2020|website=Ethos Books|language=en-Singapore}}{{Cite web|title=Memoirs of a Migrant|url=https://www.ethosbooks.com.sg/products/memoirs-of-a-migrant|access-date=27 June 2020|website=Ethos Books|language=en-Singapore}}
A. J. Braga, Minister of Health (1955–1959), member of the first Legislative Assembly of Singapore representing Katong{{Cite web|title=Singapore Legislative Assembly General Election 1955 > Katong|url=https://sg-elections.com/general-election/1955/katong.html|access-date=27 June 2020|website=www.singapore-elections.com|archive-date=5 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105064359/http://www.singapore-elections.com/general-election/1955/katong.html|url-status=live}}{{Cite book|last1=Pereira|first1=Alexius A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hBSyDgAAQBAJ&dq=BRAGA%2C+Armand+Joseph&pg=PA126|title=Singapore Eurasians: Memories, Hopes And Dreams|last2=Braga-blake|first2=Myrna|last3=Ebert-oehlers|first3=Ann|date=21 December 2016|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-310-961-2|language=en}}
Chew Swee Kee, Minister of Education (1955–1959), member of the first Legislative Assembly of Singapore representing Whampoa{{Cite web|title=Singapore Legislative Assembly General Election 1955 > Whampoa|url=https://sg-elections.com/general-election/1955/whampoa.html|access-date=27 June 2020|website=www.singapore-elections.com|archive-date=31 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131021456/http://www.singapore-elections.com/general-election/1955/whampoa.html|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|title=Portrait of Mr. Chew Swee Kee, Minister for Education - BookSG - National Library Board, Singapore|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/printheritage/image.aspx?id=806e73df-51fa-4a0e-b189-6cd9605465d6|access-date=27 June 2020|website=eresources.nlb.gov.sg}}
Jumabhoy Mohamed Jumabhoy, Minister for Commerce and Industry (1955–1959), member of the first Legislative Assembly of Singapore representing Stamford,{{Cite web|title=Singapore Legislative Assembly General Election 1955 > Stamford|url=https://sg-elections.com/general-election/1955/stamford.html|access-date=27 June 2020|website=www.singapore-elections.com|archive-date=31 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131114851/http://www.singapore-elections.com/general-election/1955/stamford.html|url-status=live}} President of the Singapore Indian Chamber of Commerce (1978 - 1992){{Cite web|title=Portrait of Mr. J.M. Jumabhoy, President of the Singapore Indian Chamber of Commerce - BookSG - National Library Board, Singapore|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/printheritage/image.aspx?id=1a6beccf-dc64-4b65-9628-051b8b016334|access-date=27 June 2020|website=eresources.nlb.gov.sg}}{{Cite web|title=Portrait of Mr. J.M. Jumabhoy, Minister for Commerce and Industry - BookSG - National Library Board, Singapore|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/printheritage/image.aspx?id=eda7e5b8-6b70-42ee-9777-34d061876e8d|access-date=27 June 2020|website=eresources.nlb.gov.sg}}
A. R. Lazarous, member of the first Legislative Assembly of Singapore representing Farrer Park{{Cite web|title=Singapore Legislative Assembly General Election 1955 > Farrer Park|url=https://sg-elections.com/general-election/1955/farrer-park.html|access-date=27 June 2020|website=www.singapore-elections.com|archive-date=7 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107132232/http://www.singapore-elections.com/general-election/1955/farrer-park.html|url-status=live}}
Mak Pak Shee, member of the first Legislative Assembly of Singapore representing Geylang{{Cite web|title=Singapore Legislative Assembly General Election 1955 > Geylang|url=https://sg-elections.com/general-election/1955/geylang.html|access-date=27 June 2020|website=www.singapore-elections.com|archive-date=31 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131021320/http://www.singapore-elections.com/general-election/1955/geylang.html|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|title=MAK PAK SHEE, MEMBER OF THE FIRST LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY …|url=https://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/photographs/record-details/32c39497-1162-11e3-83d5-0050568939ad|access-date=27 June 2020|website=www.nas.gov.sg}}
Seah Peng Chuan, member of the first Legislative Assembly of Singapore representing Kampong Kapor{{Cite web|title=Singapore Legislative Assembly General Election 1955 > Kampong Kapor|url=https://sg-elections.com/general-election/1955/kampong-kapor.html|access-date=27 June 2020|website=www.singapore-elections.com|archive-date=8 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108200439/http://www.singapore-elections.com/general-election/1955/kampong-kapor.html|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|title=For some reason, a large proportion of S'pore's ministers & opposition leaders have been Teochews|url=https://mothership.sg/2019/06/teochews-in-singapore-politics/|access-date=27 June 2020|website=mothership.sg|language=en}}{{Cite book|last=Tan|first=Charlene Gia Lim|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mFZoDwAAQBAJ&dq=TAN+Theng+Chiang&pg=PA89|title=An Introduction To The Culture And History Of The Teochews In Singapore|date=26 July 2018|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-323-937-1|language=en}}
Tan Theng Chiang, member of the first Legislative Assembly of Singapore representing Rochore{{Cite web|title=Singapore Legislative Assembly General Election 1955 > Rochore|url=https://sg-elections.com/general-election/1955/rochore.html|access-date=27 June 2020|website=www.singapore-elections.com|archive-date=8 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108174256/http://www.singapore-elections.com/general-election/1955/rochore.html|url-status=live}}
Lee Choon Eng, member of the first Legislative Assembly of Singapore representing Queenstown{{Cite web|title=Singapore Legislative Assembly General Election 1955 > Queenstown|url=https://sg-elections.com/general-election/1955/queenstown.html|access-date=27 June 2020|website=www.singapore-elections.com|archive-date=31 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131021335/http://www.singapore-elections.com/general-election/1955/queenstown.html|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|title=Lee Choon Eng, Member of Legislative Assembly under Rendel …|url=https://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/photographs/record-details/d0c199cb-1161-11e3-83d5-0050568939ad|access-date=27 June 2020|website=www.nas.gov.sg}}

References

Category:Labour parties

Category:Political parties established in 1954

Category:Political parties disestablished in 1960

Category:Defunct political parties in Singapore

Category:1954 establishments in Singapore

Category:1960 disestablishments in Singapore