Lactarius pyrogalus
{{Short description|Species of fungus}}
{{stack begin}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Lactarius pyrogalus.jpg
| genus = Lactarius
| species = pyrogalus
| authority = (Bull. ex Fr.) (1838)
| synonyms =
Agaricus pyrogalus Bull. (1792)
Agaricus lactifluus var. pyrogalus (Bull.) Pers.
Galorrheus pyrogalus (Bull.) P.Kumm. (1871)
Lactifluus pyrogalus (Bull.) Kuntze (1891)
}}
{{mycomorphbox
| name = Lactarius pyrogalus
| whichGills = decurrent
| capShape = flat
| hymeniumType=gills
| stipeCharacter=bare
| ecologicalType=mycorrhizal
| sporePrintColor=ochre
| howEdible=inedible
}}
{{stack end}}
Lactarius pyrogalus, commonly known as the fire-milk lactarius, is a species of inedible mushroom in genus Lactarius. It is greyish and differentiated from other grey Lactarius by its widely spaced, yellow gills. It is found on the forest floor in mixed woodland, especially at the base of hazel trees.
Taxonomy
Lactarius pyrogalus was first described by French mycologist Pierre Bulliard as Agaricus pyrogalus in 1792, before being given its current binomial name by Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries in 1838.
Description
Lactarius pyrogalus has a cap {{convert|5|-|10|cm|in|round=0.5|abbr=on}} across which is grey fawn, sometimes with a yellowish tinge,
{{cite book |title= Mushrooms and Other Fungi of Great Britain and Europe|last= Phillips|first= Roger|year= 1981|publisher= Pan Books|location= London|isbn= 0-330-26441-9|page=85}} with pink and purple tinges not unknown.{{cite book |title= Mushrooms of West Virginia and the Central Appalachians|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=5HGMPEiy4ykC&q=Lactarius+pyrogalus&pg=PA100|access-date= 2008-07-31|last= Roody|first= William C.|year= 2003|publisher= University Press of Kentucky|location= Kentucky|isbn= 978-0-8131-9039-6|page= 100}} It is flattened convex to flat, later becoming funnel shaped. The cap is sometimes faintly concentrically banded, it is thin fleshed and becomes sticky when moist, but is not shiny.{{cite book |title= Mushrooms and Toadstools|last= Pegler|first= David N.|year= 1983|publisher= Mitchell Beazley Publishing|location= London|isbn= 0-85533-500-9|page= 78}} The stem is between 4 and 6 cm, and between 7 and 15 mm thick, generally cylindrical but sometimes slightly swollen at the base. The stem is whitish or concolorous with the cap, with whitish flesh. It has slightly decurrent gills, which are yellow to flesh coloured, though later become a cinnamon-ochre colour. The well-spaced, yellow gills differentiate it from other greyish Lactarius species.
=Spores=
Lactarius pyrogalus produces a light ochre spore print; the spores are broadly elliptic, with warts generally joined by a moderately thick ridges in a well-developed network. The spores are 7–8 by 5.5–7 μm in size. The spores are amyloid, meaning they stain dark blue in Melzer's reagent, and feature an incomplete net.
Distribution
Lactarius pyrogalus is fairly common and is generally found at the base of hazel trees alone or in scattered groups.{{cite book|title= The Encyclopedia of Fungi of Britain and Europe|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ULhwByKCyEwC&q=Lactarius+pyrogalus&pg=PA306|access-date= 2008-07-31|last= Jordan|first= Michael|year= 2004|publisher= Frances Lincoln|location= London|isbn= 978-0-7112-2378-3|page= 306}}{{Dead link|date=June 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} It is particularly common in hazel woodland managed for coppice.{{cite book |title= Complete British Wildlife|last= Sterry|first= Paul|year= 1997|publisher= HarperCollins|isbn= 978-0-583-33638-3|page= 352}} It can also be found elsewhere on the ground in mixed woodland. It is found in the autumn months of August, September and October.
Edibility
Lactarius pyrogalus has a very hot, acrid taste and is acidic. It is due to this taste that it received both its English name, fire-milk lactarius, and its scientific name, with "pyrogalus" translating as "fire milk". Despite not being poisonous, it is not regarded as edible and should be avoided. This is unlike its relative, the saffron milk-cap (L. deliciosus), which is regarded as a choice mushroom.Phillips, 80.