Lactonitrile
{{Chembox
| ImageFileL1 = lactonitrile.svg
| ImageFileR1 = R-Lactonitrile-3D-balls.png
| IUPACName = 2-Hydroxypropanenitrile
| OtherNames = Acetaldehyde cyanohydrin
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 78-97-7
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|}}
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = SJ38QDA188
| PubChem = 6572
| ChemSpiderID = 21106532
| SMILES = N#CC(C)O
| InChI = 1/C3H5NO/c1-3(5)2-4/h3,5H,1H3
| InChIKey = WOFDVDFSGLBFAC-UHFFFAOYAF
| StdInChI = 1S/C3H5NO/c1-3(5)2-4/h3,5H,1H3
| StdInChIKey = WOFDVDFSGLBFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| C=3 | H=5 | N=1 | O=1
| Appearance = Yellow
| Density =
| MeltingPtC = -40
| BoilingPt =
| Solubility =
}}
|Section3={{Chembox Hazards
| MainHazards =
| FlashPt =
| AutoignitionPt =
}}
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Lactonitrile is the organic compound with the formula CH3CH(OH)CN. It is an intermediate in the industrial production of ethyl lactate and lactic acid.{{cite web|title=Lactonitrile|url=https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.001.058|website=EChA|publisher=echa.europa.eu|access-date=13 June 2017}}[http://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_EN_CB2446862.htm Lactonitrile] at www.chemicalbook.com. It is the cyanohydrin of acetaldehyde. It is a colorless liquid, although degraded samples can appear yellow.
Synthesis and use
Lactonitrile is obtained by the addition of hydrogen cyanide to acetaldehyde.{{Ullmann|last1=Westhoff|first1=Gerrit|last2=Starr|first2=John N.| title=Lactic Acids|year=2012|doi=10.1002/14356007.a15_097.pub3|isbn=9783527306732}}
Regulations
Cyanohydrins are sources of highly toxic hydrogen cyanide.
The substance is classified as an extremely hazardous substance in the United States as defined in Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (42 U.S.C. 11002), and is subject to strict reporting requirements by facilities which produce, store, or use it in significant quantities.{{Cite journal | publisher = Government Printing Office | title = 40 C.F.R.: Appendix A to Part 355—The List of Extremely Hazardous Substances and Their Threshold Planning Quantities | url = http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/cfr_2008/julqtr/pdf/40cfr355AppA.pdf | edition = July 1, 2008 | access-date = October 29, 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120225051612/http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/cfr_2008/julqtr/pdf/40cfr355AppA.pdf | archive-date = February 25, 2012 | url-status = dead }}
References
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