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Laghuu language

{{Short description|Loloish language spoken in Vietnam}}

{{distinguish|text = Laghu, an extinct language of the Solomon Islands}}

{{Infobox language

|name=Laghuu

|states=Vietnam

|speakers=300

|date=2002

|ref=e18

|familycolor=Sino-Tibetan

|fam2=Lolo-Burmese

|fam3=Loloish

|fam4=Southeastern

|fam5=Highland Phula

|fam6=Muji

|iso3=lgh

|glotto=lagh1245

|glottorefname=Laghuu

|notice=IPA

}}

Laghuu ({{langx|vi|Xá Phó, Phù Lá Lão}}) is a Loloish language spoken in northwestern Vietnam.Raymond G. Gordon Jr., ed. 2005. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. 15th edition. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics. In Nậm Sài, Sa Pa Town, the speakers' autonym is {{IPA|la21 ɣɯ44}}, while in Sơn La Province it is {{IPA|la21 ɔ44}}.{{cite journal |last1=Edmondson |first1=Jerold A. |author-link=Jerold A. Edmondson |last2=Lama |first2=Ziwo |date=1999 |title=Laghuu or Xá Phó, A New Language of the Yi Group |journal=Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=1–10 |url=http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/edmondson1999laghuu.pdf |access-date=20 January 2024}}

The people are also called the {{lang|vi|Phù Lá Lão}} by the Vietnamese.

Edmondson considers Laghuu to be related to but not part of the Yi language complex of China. Jamin Pelkey (2011) considers Laghuu to be a Southeastern Loloish language.

Distribution

Laghuu is spoken in the following locations by a total of about 1,000 people (Edmondson 1999 & 2002).

The Vietnam, Laghuu speakers are officially classified as part of the Phù Lá ethnic group. Some Laghuu are known as "Black Phu La," and others as "Flowery Phu La."

Phonology

= Phonotactics =

Words in Laghuu are typically disyllabic compounds, consisting of two single-syllable morphemes, as in other Yi languages. A syllable may be divided into an initial, a rhyme, and a tone. The initial is not obligatory, and it usually consists of a single consonant, though it may also be a cluster consisting of a velar stop followed by a lateral. The rhyme consists of a nuclear vowel followed by a glide {{IPA|/-i, -u/}} or a nasal coda {{IPA|/-m, -n, -ŋ/}}, with {{IPA|/ŋ/}} being the most common coda nasal.

= Consonants =

Laghuu has the following consonants. In addition to these single consonants, Laghuu also allows syllables to begin with velar stop + alveolar lateral sequences: {{IPA|/kl, khɬ, gl, ŋkhɬ/}}.

class=wikitable style=text-align:center

! colspan="2" |

! Labial

! Alveolar

! Post-
alveolar

! Velar

! Glottal

colspan="2" | Nasal

| {{IPAlink|m}} || {{IPAlink|n}} || || {{IPAlink|ŋ}} ||

rowspan="4" | Plosive and
Affricate

! prenasalized

| {{IPAlink|ᵐb}} || {{IPAlink|ⁿd}} || || {{IPAlink|ᵑɡ}} ||

aspirated

| {{IPAlink|pʰ}} || {{IPAlink|tʰ}} || {{IPAlink|tʃʰ}} || {{IPAlink|kʰ}} ||

tenuis

| {{IPAlink|p}}|| {{IPAlink|t}}|| {{IPAlink|tʃ}}|| {{IPAlink|k}}|| {{IPAlink|ʔ}}

voiced

| {{IPAlink|b}}|| {{IPAlink|d}}|| || {{IPAlink|ɡ}}||

rowspan="2" | Fricative

! voiceless

| {{IPAlink|f}} || {{IPAlink|s}} || {{IPAlink|ʃ}} || {{IPAlink|x}} || {{IPAlink|h}}

voiced

| {{IPAlink|v}}|| {{IPAlink|z}}|| {{IPAlink|ʒ}}|| {{IPAlink|ɣ}}||

colspan="2" | Approximant

| || {{IPAlink|l}}|| || ||

=Vowels=

Laghuu has the following vowels. Also, the diphthongs {{IPA|/ai/}}, {{IPA|/au/}}, {{IPA|/ɯi/}} occur.

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"

! rowspan=2 |

! rowspan=2 | front

! rowspan=2 | central

! colspan=2 | back

unrounded

! rounded

High

| {{IPAlink|i}} || ɿ || {{IPAlink|ɯ}} || {{IPAlink|u}}

Hi-mid

| || {{IPAlink|ə}} || || {{IPAlink|o}}

Lo-mid

| {{IPAlink|ɛ}} || || || {{IPAlink|ɔ}}

Low

| || || {{IPAlink|a}} ||

= Tones =

Laghuu has five tones:

  • high {{IPA|/˥/}} (/55/)
  • high-mid {{IPA|/˦/}} (/44/)
  • low-mid {{IPA|/˧/}} (/33/)
  • low-rising {{IPA|/˨˦/}} (/24/)
  • low-falling {{IPA|/˨˩/}} (/21/)

Notes

{{reflist}}

References

  • {{cite journal |last1=Edmondson |first1=Jerold A. |title=The Central and Southern Loloish Languages of Vietnam |journal=Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society |date=25 June 2002 |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=1 |doi=10.3765/bls.v28i2.1042 |doi-access=free}}
  • Nguyễn Văn Huy (1975). "Bước đầu tim hiểu mối quan hệ tộc người giữa hai nhóm Phù Lá và Xá Phó". In, Ủy ban khoa học xã hội Việt Nam: Viện dân tộc học. Về vấn đề xác định thánh phần các dân tộc thiểu số ở miền bắc Việt Nam, 415-428. Hà Nội: Nhà xuất bản khoa học xã hội.
  • http://ling.uta.edu/jerry/vietTB1.pdf{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
  • https://web.archive.org/web/20100627045649/http://ling.uta.edu/~jerry/tbv.pdf

{{Languages of Vietnam}}

{{Sino-Tibetan languages}}

{{Lolo-Burmese languages}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Laghuu language}}

Category:Loloish languages

Category:Languages of Vietnam