Lai (state)
{{distinguish|text=State of Lai (賴國) of present day Henan}}
{{Infobox country
|native_name = {{aut|萊}}
|conventional_long_name = Lai
|common_name = Lai
|national_motto =
|era =
|status =
|government_type = Monarchy
|year_start = ?
|year_end = 567 BC
|p1 =
|s1 = Qi (state)
|s2 =
|s3 =
|event_start =
|event_end = Conquered by Qi
|event1 =
|date_event1 =
|image_map =States of Zhou Dynasty.png
|image_map_caption = Lai is on the tip of the Shandong Peninsula bordering Qi
|capital = Changle (昌樂)
Linqu (臨朐)
Ni (郳)
|common_languages = Old Chinese
|religion =
|Philosophy =
|currency =
|leader1 = Duke Gong of Lai
|leader2 =
|year_leader1 = ?–567 BCE
|year_leader2 = –
|title_leader = Duke of Lai
}}
Lai ({{zh|t={{linktext|萊}}|s={{linktext|莱}}|p=Lái}}), also known as Laiyi ({{Zh|t=萊夷|p=Láiyí|labels=no}}), was an ancient Dongyi state located in what is now eastern Shandong Province, recorded in the Book of Xia. Tang Shanchun ({{Zh|c=|s=|t=唐善纯|labels=no}}) believes lái means "mountain" in the Old Yue language,[http://www.whsmz.gov.cn/dm/text.php?id=3 威海市地名综述] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101011035822/http://www.whsmz.gov.cn/dm/text.php?id=3 |date=2010-10-11 }} while the [http://www.chinaknowledge.de/Literature/Historiography/yuejueshu.html Yue Jue Shu] ({{lang|zh|越絕書}}) says lai means "wilderness".{{Cite web |url=http://www.pipa.com.cn/default.asp?id=3876 |title=百越地名及其文化蕴意 |access-date=2010-11-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707021351/http://www.pipa.com.cn/default.asp?id=3876 |archive-date=2011-07-07 |url-status=dead }}Milburn, Olivia (translator) (2010). The Glory of Yue: An Annotated Translation of the Yuejue shu. Series: Sinica Leidensia, Volume: 93. Leiden & Boston: Brill. p. 138-139. Quote : "March on lai [萊]; lai means uncultivated land." [https://ctext.org/dictionary.pl?if=gb&id=49270 Chinese original] "宿之於萊。萊，野也。"
History
Lai was a traditional enemy of the State of Qi to its west. As soon as Jiang Ziya, the first ruler of Qi, was enfeoffed at Qi, the state of Lai attacked its capital at Yingqiu. In 567 BC, Lai attacked Qi but was decisively defeated by Duke Ling of Qi, and its last ruler Furou, Duke Gong of Lai, was killed.{{cite book |title=Shiji (史记) |editor=Han Zhaoqi (韩兆琦) |year=2010 |publisher=Zhonghua Book Company |location=Beijing |isbn=978-7-101-07272-3 |chapter=House of Duke Tai of Qi |language=Chinese |pages=2564–2568}}{{cite web |url=http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/saxon/servlet/SaxonServlet?source=xwomen/texts/chunqiu.xml&style=xwomen/xsl/dynaxml.xsl&chunk.id=d2.15&toc.depth=1&toc.id=0&doc.lang=bilingual |title=Book IX. Duke Xiang |work=Zuo Zhuan |author=Zuo Qiuming (translated by James Legge) |publisher=University of Virginia |language=Chinese, English |accessdate=23 May 2012}} Chapter VI. Lai was a large state, and Qi more than doubled in size after annexing Lai.{{Cite web |url=http://www.wansongpu.com/wsp/show.asp?id=586 |title=东莱古国与西周王朝之关系——从黄、渭两河流域出土的有铭青铜器谈起 |access-date=2010-11-07 |archive-date=2012-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314191601/http://www.wansongpu.com/wsp/show.asp?id=586 |url-status=dead }}[http://www.qlwh.sdnu.edu.cn/kanwu.asp?id=413 莱夷及莱国史研究综述] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707025037/http://www.qlwh.sdnu.edu.cn/kanwu.asp?id=413 |date=2011-07-07 }} The people (Dongyi) were moved to Laiwu, where Mencius later called them the Qídōng yěrén ({{linktext|齊|東|野人}}), the "savages of eastern Qi".
Rulers of Lai
- Furou ({{Zh|c=|s=|t=浮柔|labels=no}}), Duke Gong of Lai ({{lang|zh|萊共公}}) ?–567 BC
See also
- Mount Penglai (蓬萊山)
- Penglai Pavilion (蓬萊閣)
- Penglai, Shandong (蓬萊市 / 蓬萊區)
References
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{{Zhou Dynasty topics}}
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Category:Ancient Chinese states