Lake Alakol
{{Short description|Lake in the country of Kazakhstan}}
{{About|the lake in Kazakhstan|the lake in Kyrgyzstan|Ala-Köl}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=February 2014}}
{{Infobox body of water
| name = Alakol Lake
| other_name = Алакөл
| image = Оз. Алаколь.jpg
| caption = Alakol lakeshore panorama.
| image_bathymetry =
| caption_bathymetry =
| location = Abai and Jetisu regions, Kazakhstan
| coords = {{coord|46|10|N|81|35|E|type:waterbody_region:KZ|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_map = Kazakhstan
| type = salt lake
| inflow =
| outflow =
| catchment =
| basin_countries = Kazakhstan
| length =
| width =
| area = {{convert|2,650|km2|abbr=on}}
| depth =
| max-depth = {{convert|54|m|abbr=on}}
| volume = {{convert|58.6|km3|acre.ft|abbr=on}}
| residence_time =
| shore =
| elevation = {{convert|347|m|abbr=on}}
| islands =
| cities =
}}
Alakol Lake ({{langx|kk|Алакөл}}, {{Transliteration|kk|Alaköl}}, from Turkic "motley lake") is a lake located in the Balkhash-Alakol Basin, part of the Abai and Jetisu regions, in east-central Kazakhstan. Its elevation is {{convert|347|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level.
The lake is the northwest extension of the region known as the Dzhungarian Gate (Alataw Pass), a narrow valley that connects the southern uplands of Kazakhstan with arid northwest China. The Dzhungarian Gate is a fault-bounded valley (see vertical line on the image along the southwest side of the lake) where the elevation of the valley floor is between 350 and 450 m above sea level and the peaks of the Dzhungarsky Alatau range (lower left) reach {{convert|4463|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level. Two well-defined alluvial fans are visible where mountain streams cut through the faulted landscape to the southwest of the lake.
Its waters are reputed to have medicinal properties since the time of the Silk Road. In 2021, Lake Alakol was selected as one of the top 10 tourist destinations in Kazakhstan.{{Cite web|last=June 2021|first=Adelya Dauletkyzy in Tourism on 16|date=2021-06-16|title=Kazakhstan Selects Top 10 Tourist Destinations|url=https://astanatimes.com/2021/06/kazakhstan-selects-top-10-tourist-destinations/|access-date=2021-09-27|website=The Astana Times|language=en|archive-date=2021-08-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814100536/https://astanatimes.com/2021/06/kazakhstan-selects-top-10-tourist-destinations/|url-status=live}}
Geography
The surface area of the lake is {{convert|2650|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}. It is {{convert|54|m|ft|abbr=on}} deep at its maximum depth, with a volume of 58.6 km3. A swampy lowland (just above the center of the photo) connects the northwest end of Lake Alakol with the Kosharkol and
Sasykkol (the two lighter-colored lakes in the photo). From the southern tip of Lake Alakol a narrow swampy valley connects it to the freshwater Lake Zhalanashkol (at the bottom edge of the picture).
Alakol Lake, a salt lake, has a drainage basin of {{convert|65200|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} and receives water periodically from several streams flowing from the Tarbagatai Mountains. Among them are the southerly draining Urzhar River at the north end of the lake, and the Emil River, on the lake's north-eastern shore. During seasonal floods, surplus water drains from Lake Zhalanashkol to
Lake Alakol along the 10-km long slough called Zhaman-Otkel ({{langx|ru|Жаман-Откель}}).{{cite web |url=http://vseprogolub.net/index.php?id=677&page=1 |title=Орнитофауна озера Жаланашколь и Джунгарских ворот |website=vseprogolub.net |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004212543/http://vseprogolub.net/index.php?id=677&page=1 |archive-date=4 October 2013 |url-status=dead}}
The Alakol State Sanctuary has been created to protect the area for the lake is an important breeding and nesting ground for various wetland birds, notably the very rare relict gull. Piski Island{{Cite web |url=http://land.worldcitydb.com/ostrov_piski |access-date=2008-06-24 }}{{dead link|date=June 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} has flocks of flamingo, and 40 species of other birds. UNESCO designated the Alakol Biosphere Reserve as part of its Man and the Biosphere Programme in 2013.{{cite web|title=Alakol|website=World Network of Biosphere Reserves Directory|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/ecological-sciences/biosphere-reserves/asia-and-the-pacific/kazakhstan/alakol/|publisher=UNESCO|accessdate=31 May 2016|archive-date=4 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904000315/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/ecological-sciences/biosphere-reserves/asia-and-the-pacific/kazakhstan/alakol/|url-status=live}}
The largest island in Alakol Lake is Ul'kun-Aral-Tyube. It is located in the center of the lake.{{Cite web |url=http://land.worldcitydb.com/ostrov_ul%C3%A3 |access-date=2020-09-20 }}{{dead link|date=June 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
Agricultural activity in this arid region is limited to areas where adequate moisture is available, mainly along ephemeral streambeds and in the deltas and alluvial fans.
In the middle of the 1st century BCE the Lake Alakol marked an eastern end of the Kangju state, shown on Chinese maps of the Western territory.
| valign="top" |
History
During the reign of Timur, it was said that this lake "It-Ichmes" (translated "dog will not drink") because one liter of water contains 8 g of salt. Kimaks (IX-XI centuries) called this lake Gagan, after the city located on the site of the village of Koktuma. The great gift of nature in Kazakhstan-Alakol.
The lake is already thought to be reported in the account given by William of Rubruck of his voyage to Karakorum, but he thinks it to be an inner sea, the oriental end of the Lake Balkash."{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/journeywilliamr01ruysgoog/page/n220|title=The Journey of William of Rubruck to the Eastern Parts of the World, 1253–55|publisher=Hakluyt Society|pages=159–160|last1=William of Rubruck|author-link1=William of Rubruck|translator-last1=Woodville Rockhill |translator-first1=W. |translator-link1=William Woodville Rockhill|year=1900|orig-date=ca. 1255}}
Medical property
Modern medical research confirms the healing qualities of lake water.{{Citation needed|reason=Reliable medical sources needed|date=August 2021}} Sea breath of Alakol in a combination with dry, hot, filled with aroma of steppes, the air has a beneficial effect on humans.{{Citation needed|date=August 2021}} It was in the resort areas of Alakol that cosmonauts underwent rehabilitation after returning from orbit.
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20050322115822/http://www.ilec.or.jp/database/asi/dsasi002.html Data summary: Alakol]
- [http://www.nasa.gov National Aeronautics and Space Administration]
- [https://archive.today/20040621033448/http://birding.topcities.com/south-east/Lake-Alakol.htm Lake Alakol birds]
{{Lakes of Kazakhstan}}
{{Authority control}}