Lake Minnewanka

{{Short description|Glacial lake in Alberta, Canada}}

{{Infobox body of water

| name = Lake Minnewanka

| image = Lake Minnewanka 11092005.jpg

| caption = September 2005

| image_bathymetry =

| caption_bathymetry =

| location = Banff National Park, Alberta

| coords = {{coord|51|15|29|N|115|22|23|W|region:CA-AB_type:waterbody|display=inline,title}}

| lake_type = reservoir, natural lake

| inflow = Cascade River

| outflow =

| catchment =

|pushpin_map=Alberta

| basin_countries = Canada

| length = {{convert|28|km|mi|abbr=on}}

| width =

| area =

| depth =

| max-depth = {{convert|142|m|ft|abbr=on}}

| volume =

| residence_time =

| shore =

| elevation = {{convert|1500|m|ft|sigfig=2}}

| islands =

| cities =

| frozen =

}}

Lake Minnewanka ({{IPAc-en|pron|ˌ|m|ɪ|n|ə|ˈ|w|ɑː|ŋ|k|ə}}) ("Water of the Spirits" in Nakoda) is a glacial lake in the eastern area of Banff National Park in Canada, about {{convert|5|km|mi|abbr=none|spell=in}} northeast of the Banff townsite. The lake is {{convert|21|km|mi|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|142|m|ft|abbr=on}} deep, making it the 2nd longest lake in the mountain parks of the Canadian Rockies (the result of a power dam at the west end).{{cite web|url=http://www.abheritage.ca/alberta/archaeology/site_profiles_lake_minnewanka.html |title=Site Profile: Lake Minnewanka |publisher=Alberta Heritage |access-date=2005-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051027222634/http://www.abheritage.ca/alberta/archaeology/site_profiles_lake_minnewanka.html |archive-date=2005-10-27 |url-status=dead }}

The lake is fed by the Cascade River, flowing east of Cascade Mountain, and runs south through Stewart Canyon as it empties into the western end of the lake. Numerous streams flowing down from Mount Inglismaldie, Mount Girouard and Mount Peechee on the south side of the lake also feed the lake.

Aboriginal people long inhabited areas around Lake Minnewanka, as early as 10,000 years ago, according to stone tools and a Clovis point spearhead discovered by archaeologists. The area is rich in animal life (e.g. elk, mule deer, bighorn sheep, bears) and the easy availability of rock in the mountainous terrain was key to fashioning weapons for hunting.

The western end of the lake can be reached by following Lake Minnewanka road from the Trans-Canada Highway. Boat tours are available near the parking lot. A hiking and mountain biking trail runs along the northern shore of the lake, passing Stewart Canyon and six backcountry campsites.[http://www.canadianrockies.net/banff/minnewan.html Canadian Rockies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025101808/http://www.canadianrockies.net/banff/minnewan.html |date=2012-10-25 }} - Banff National Park - Lake Minnewanka Mount Aylmer which at {{convert|3162|m|ft|abbr=on}} is the highest mountain in this area of the park, is located a few kilometres north of the lake.

The first dam was built in 1912 only to store water. While the National Parks Act was suspended during World War II the much larger embankment dam that still exists was constructed in 1941 and raised the lake {{convert|30|m|ft|abbr=on}}. This resulted in the resort village of Minnewanka Landing, which had been there since 1888, being submerged and the Cascade River being diverted away from its old course, resulting in much of the riverbed downstream of the dam running dry for most of the year (except in rare high-water events when the dam's spillway is opened). Most water from the Cascade River is diverted into Two Jack Lake, where it enters a 4-kilometre-long canal. From there it is funnelled into a pair of penstocks feeding two generators in the Cascade Powerhouse with a combined capacity of 34 MW. The facility is owned by TransAlta and supplies power to the Banff Townsite.{{Cite web|date=2020|title=Cascade|url=https://transalta.com/plants-operation/cascade/|website=TransAlta}} In order to increase the amount of water entering the penstocks a small diversion dam was built on the Ghost River, which diverts additional water into Lake Minnewanka from the Ghost drainage. Because of the presence of the submerged village, submerged bridge pilings, and submerged dam (the one from 1912) the lake is popular among recreational scuba divers.{{cite web|url=http://www.pc.gc.ca/pn-np/ab/banff/natcul/natcul4m1_E.asp|title=Diving Lake Minnewanka: Submerged Cultural Resources|publisher=Parks Canada|access-date=2009-03-14|archive-date=2007-08-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070820064508/http://www.pc.gc.ca/pn-np/ab/banff/natcul/natcul4m1_E.asp|url-status=dead}}

The construction of the dam resulted in involuntary resettlement of inhabitants from the reservoir area.B. Terminski, Development-Induced Displacement and Resettlement: Causes, Consequences, and Socio-Legal Context, Columbia University Press, New York, 2015.