Lake Sainte-Anne (Toulnustouc)

The Lac-Sainte-Anne Reservoir was created when the Sainte-Anne Dam ({{langx|fr|Barrage Sainte-Anne}}) at {{coord|50.102601|-67.945622}} was filled in 1957.

Its purpose was to regulate the flow of water in the Toulnustouc River that powers the downstream Manic-2, Manic-1 and older McCormick hydroelectric plants.{{sfn|Aménagement hydroélectrique de la Toulnustouc proposé...|p=2}}

It covered an area of {{convert|213|km2}}.{{sfn|Toulnustouc Dam, Canadian Consulting Engineer}}

Manic-1 and Manic-2 are owned by Hydro-Québec and McCormick by the Manicouagan Hydroelectric Company.{{sfn|Toulnustouc Dam, Canadian Consulting Engineer}}

The Manic 2 generating station was built near Baie-Comeau where the Manicouagan River meets the Saint Lawrence River.{{sfn|Simeons|2014|p=402}}

Before the new dam was built, Lake Sainte-Anne reached its maximum level of {{convert|301.75|m}} in spring, and remained this size during summer.

It then shrank down to a minimum level of {{convert|275.84|m}} by the start of May.{{sfn|Rapport d’analyse environnementale...|p=2}}

There is also a dyke in the southeast of the lake.

This was repaired to reduce leakage as part of the new dam project.{{sfn|Rapport d’analyse environnementale...|p=2}}

A new dam and dyke were built for the Toulnustouc hydroelectric project to enlarge the existing Lac-Sainte-Anne reservoir.{{sfn|Toulnustouc Dam, Canadian Consulting Engineer}}

The old dam was above PK80 on the river, while the new dam was between PK65 and PK70.{{sfn|Aménagement hydroélectrique de la Toulnustouc|p=12}}

The new dam is {{convert|76|m}} high, with an effective height of {{convert|72.3|m}} and length of {{convert|570|m}}.

The reservoir now has storage capacity of {{convert|2,798,000,000|m3}}.

The reservoir area is now {{convert|23400|ha}}, and the watershed area is {{convert|7863|km2}}.{{sfn|Toulnustouc, Barrage de la}}

The new dam and dyke are about {{convert|14|km}} downstream of the former Lac-Sainte-Anne dam.{{sfn|Toulnustouc Dam, Canadian Consulting Engineer}}

The south dyke is in a valley about {{convert|500|m}} south of the main dam, and contains the reservoir in that area.{{sfn|Toulnustouc Dam, Canadian Consulting Engineer}}

A tunnel was built from the end of the south dyke to carry water to the hydroelectric plant, which is just below PK55 on the river.{{sfn|Aménagement hydroélectrique de la Toulnustouc|p=12}}

The old dam was destroyed after the new dam was closed.{{sfn|Aménagement hydroélectrique de la Toulnustouc|p=12}}

With the new dam the maximum level remained unchanged at {{convert|301.75|m}} but the minimum was raised to {{convert|290|m}}.{{sfn|Rapport d’analyse environnementale...|p=2}}

The new part of Lake Sainte Anne began to fill on 10 February 2005, and in five days the level had risen by {{convert|57|m}} and the new section was in equilibrium with the existing lake at a surface elevation of {{convert|289|m}} above sea level.

After that filling continued more slowly, on average by {{convert|1|-|2|cm}} per day.

By the start of summer 2005 the lake had risen to its maximum operating level of {{convert|301.74|m}} above sea level, the same as the existing lake.

The lake has expanded by about {{convert|18|km2}} to rather more than {{convert|230|km2}}.{{sfn|Aménagement hydroélectrique de la Toulnustouc|p=2}}

The flooding only affected the wintering area of one moose, which moved to a new location.

Smaller mammals such as hare, porcupine, squirrel, marten, otter and beaver moved about normally to avoid the rising water and found refuge in the forest around the edge of the reservoir.

Predators such as wolf, fox and lynx patrolled the waterline in search of prey.

The overall impact on wildlife seems to have been minor.{{sfn|Aménagement hydroélectrique de la Toulnustouc|p=2}}

Flow between the dam and spillway was cut off for five days, then resumed at a reduced rate of {{convert|3|m3/s}} in this section.

Observations in the summer of 2005 showed there had been no significant impact on fish densities in the reduced flow area.{{sfn|Aménagement hydroélectrique de la Toulnustouc|p=2}}

In the new part of the lake there is a deficit of oxygen at deeper levels and there is higher phosphorus content at al levels.

These phenomena are due to decomposition of vegetation that had not been cleared before flooding, and were not expected to last more than a few years.

Measures in the summer of 2005 showed that fish were quickly populating the new part of the lake.{{sfn|Aménagement hydroélectrique de la Toulnustouc|p=3}}

Fish samples were made in 2005, 2007 and 2009, with notes of the length, weight, possible abnormalities and parasites, particularly brook trout.

The results showed that the numbers and size of the fish in the river and the reservoir had not been affected, and if anything the fish were larger.{{sfn|De bonnes nouvelles de la Toulnustouc!|p=1}}

{{notes}}{{reflist|30em}}

{{refbegin}}

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• {{citation

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• {{citation |url=https://www.cehq.gouv.qc.ca/barrages/detail.asp?no_mef_lieu=X2007557 |accessdate=2019-09-05 |ref={{harvid|Toulnustouc, Barrage de la}}

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• {{citation |url=https://www.canadianconsultingengineer.com/features/toulnustouc-dam/ |accessdate=2019-09-05|ref={{harvid|Toulnustouc Dam, Canadian Consulting Engineer}}

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{{refend}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Sainte-Anne, Lake}}

Category:Lakes of Côte-Nord

Category:Manicouagan-Outardes hydroelectric project