Lake Zumpango
{{Short description|Lake in Mexico}}
{{Missing information|History|date=March 2023}}File:Laguna de Zumpango.jpg
File:Basin of Mexico 1519 map-en.svg in 1519.]]
File:ISS008-E-14011 - View of Mexico.jpg
Lake Zumpango ({{langx|es|Laguna de Zumpango}}; {{langx|nah|Tzompanco|lit=string of scalps}}{{Cite web |date=March 23, 2022 |title=What was the origin of Zumpango, the place where mammoths were found |url=https://www.infobae.com/en/2022/03/23/what-was-the-origin-of-zumpango-the-place-where-mammoths-were-found/ |access-date=2023-03-05 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}) is an endorheic basin located in the Valley of Mexico in the municipality of Zumpango and adjacent to the municipality of Teoloyucan.{{cite web |last=Montoya Rivero |first=María Cristina |title=Del desagüe del Valle de México al drenaje profundo |url=http://www.mexicodesconocido.com.mx/del-desague-del-valle-de-mexico-al-drenaje-profundo.html |access-date=19 October 2010 |work=México Desconocido|date=28 June 2010 }}{{cite web |last=Cabrera |first=Jesús |date=2012-10-26 |title=Naturaleza. Laguna de Zumpango, un sitio para redescubrir |url=http://turismomexiquense.blogspot.mx/2012/10/naturaleza-laguna-de-zumpango-un-sitio.html |access-date=2017-03-31 |website=turismo mexiquense |publisher= |language=es}} Tzompanco was formerly the northernmost of five interconnected lakes, covering about {{convert|1500|km2|sp=us}} (the other lakes being Lake Xaltocan,{{efn|{{langx|nah|xāltocān}}{{Cite journal |last=Burnham |first=Jeffrey R. |date=September 1984 |title=An Analytical Dictionary of Nahuatl . Frances Karttunen. |journal=American Anthropologist |volume=86 |issue=3 |pages=755 |doi=10.1525/aa.1984.86.3.02a00640 |issn=0002-7294|doi-access=free }}}} Lake Xochimilco, Lake Chalco and Lake Texcoco{{efn|{{langx|nah|Tetzco(h)co}}}}). The Valley of Mexico was a centre for several pre-Columbian civilizations including Teotihuacan, the Toltec, and the Aztec Empire. After the conquest of the Aztec Empire, the Spaniards began to drain the lakes' waters to control flooding. Over the centuries Lake Zumpango lost it its inflows and outflows and became polluted by sewage and garbage dumps. However, in recent years,{{clarify|What years?|date=March 2023}} the lagoon is becoming cleaner again.
History
{{Expand section|date=March 2023}}
= Pre-Columbian history =
= Spanish colonial rule and the Mexico City metropolitan area =
The idea of opening drainage canals first came about after a flood of the colonial Mexico City in 1555. The first canal was begun in 1605 to drain the waters of Lake Zumpango north through Huehuetoca which would also divert waters from the Cuautitlán River away from the lakes and toward the Tula River. This project was undertaken by Enrico Martínez and he devoted 25 years of his life to it. He did succeed in building a canal in this area, calling it Nochistongo, leading waters to the Tula Valley, but the drainage was not sufficient to avoid the Great Flood of 1629 in the city. Another canal, which would be dubbed the "Grand Canal" was built parallel to the Nochistongo one ending in Tequixquiac.
Biology
References
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{{coord|19.267|N|98.983|W|display=title|source:nlwiki}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Zumpango, Lake}}
Category:Former lakes of North America
Category:Endorheic lakes of North America
Category:Geography of Mesoamerica
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