Lambda Virginis
{{Short description|Binary star system in the constellation Virgo}}
{{Starbox begin
| name = λ Virginis
(incl. Khambalia)
}}
{{Starbox image
| image=
{{Location mark
|image=Virgo constellation map.svg|alt=|float=center|width=280
|label=|position=right
|mark=Red circle.svg|mark_width=10|mark_link=λ Virginis
|x=64|y=752
}}
|caption=Location of λ Virginis (circled)
}}
{{Starbox observe
| epoch = J2000.0
| constell = Virgo
| dec = {{DEC|−13|22|15.9459}}
| appmag_v = +4.52 {{nowrap|(5.00 + 5.63)}}
}}
{{Starbox character
| class = A1 V {{nowrap|(A1V + A1V)}}
| variable =
}}
{{Starbox astrometry
| parallax = 18.81
| p_error = 0.10
}}
{{Starbox orbit
| period_unitless = {{Val|206.7321|0.0040|u=d}}
| axis =
| axis_unitless = {{Val|19.759|0.079}} mas
| eccentricity = {{Val|0.0610|0.0036}}
| inclination = {{Val|109.86|0.24}}
| node = {{Val|196.40|0.22}}
| periastron = {{Val|53070.30|0.32|fmt=commas}}
| periarg = {{Val|272.28|0.46}}
| k1 = {{Val|24.78|0.17}}
| k2 = {{Val|27.308|0.067}}
}}
{{Starbox detail
| component1 = λ Vir A
| luminosity = {{Val|20.84|0.25}}
| temperature = {{Val|8280|200|fmt=commas}}
| rotational_velocity = {{Val|36|1}}
| component2 = λ Vir B
| luminosity2 = {{Val|12.58|0.16}}
| temperature2 = {{Val|8280|200|fmt=commas}}
| rotational_velocity2 = {{Val|10|2}}
}}
{{Starbox catalog
| names = Khambalia, 100 Virginis, λ Vir, BD−12°4018, FK5 1371, HD 125337, HIP 69974, HR 5359, SAO 158489.
}}
{{Starbox reference
| Simbad = lam+Vir
}}
{{Starbox end}}
Lambda Virginis (λ Virginis, abbreviated Lambda Vir, λ Vir) is a binary star system in the zodiac constellation of Virgo. With an apparent visual magnitude of 4.5, it is bright enough to be seen with the naked eye. Based upon parallax measurements, the system is about 173 light-years away from the Sun. Its two components are designated Lambda Virginis A (formally named Khambalia {{IPAc-en|k|æ|m|'|b|ei|l|i|@}}){{cite web | url=https://www.iau.org/public/themes/naming_stars/ | title=Naming Stars |publisher=IAU.org |access-date=16 December 2017}} and B.
Nomenclature
λ Virginis (Latinised to Lambda Virginis) is the system's Bayer designation. The designations of the two components as Lambda Virginis A and B derives from the convention used by the Washington Multiplicity Catalog (WMC) for multiple star systems, and adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU).{{cite arXiv |title=On the naming convention used for multiple star systems and extrasolar planets |date=2010 |eprint=1012.0707 |class=astro-ph.SR |last1= Hessman |first1=F. V. |last2= Dhillon |first2=V. S. |last3= Winget |first3=D. E. |last4= Schreiber |first4=M. R. |last5= Horne |first5=K. |last6= Marsh |first6=T. R. |last7= Guenther |first7=E. |last8= Schwope |first8=A. |last9= Heber |first9=U. }}
The system occurs in the lunar station that was given the name χαμβαλια (khambalia)
{{cite book | author=Allen, Richard Hinckley | author-link=Richard Hinckley Allen | date=1963 | orig-year=1899 | title=Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning | edition=Reprint | page=[https://archive.org/details/starnamestheirlo00alle/page/472 472] | publisher=Dover Publications Inc. | location=New York, NY | url=https://archive.org/details/starnamestheirlo00alle/page/472 | isbn=0-486-21079-0 | url-access=registration }}
in a Coptic manuscript list of lunar stations, which Crum concluded were either in "debased" Greek or in a few cases Coptic equivalents of Greek names. Given that the Greeks are not known to have used lunar stations, the origin of the names is unknown.See station 16 in footnote 12 in Stefan Weinstock, "Lunar Mansions and Early Calendars", Journal of Hellenic Studies, Volume 69, November 1949, pp. 48-69.
translates the name as "the crooked-clawed", and identifies it with the Greek word γαμψωλή gampsôlê, which Liddell & Scott identify as a variant of γαμψότης gampsotês "crookedness, of talons". (Coptic has no {{IPA|/ɡ/}} sound, and so often substitutes k for g in Greek words, though not usually kh.)
In 2016, the IAU organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN){{cite web | url=https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/working_groups/280/ | title=IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)|access-date=22 May 2016}} to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN decided to attribute proper names to individual stars rather than entire multiple systems.{{cite web | url=https://www.iau.org/static/science/scientific_bodies/working_groups/280/wg-starnames-triennial-report-2015-2018.pdf | page=5 | title=WG Triennial Report (2015-2018) - Star Names |access-date=2018-07-14}} It approved the name Khambalia for the component Lambda Virginis A on 5 September 2017 and it is now so included in the List of IAU-approved Star Names.
In China, {{lang|zh|亢宿}} ({{lang|zh-Latn|Kàng Xiù}}), meaning Neck, refers to an asterism consisting of this system, Kappa Virginis, Iota Virginis and Phi Virginis. Consequently, Lambda Virginis itself is known as {{lang|zh|亢宿四}} ({{lang|zh-Latn|Kàngsusì}}, {{langx|en|the Fourth Star of Neck}}.)
Properties
Lambda Virginis is a double-lined spectroscopic binary with an orbital period of 206.7 days and an eccentricity of 0.0610. The semi-major axis has an angular size of 0.02 arcseconds, which, at the distance of this system, is equivalent to a physical span of {{Val|1.050|0.007}} AU. The orbit is inclined by an angle of 110° to the line of sight from the Earth. Tidal theory predicts that eventually the orbit of the stars will circularize and their rotation rates will become synchronized with their orbital motion. However, this will occur over a time scale of more than 1.2 billion years, whereas their estimated age is 935 million years.
The combined spectra of the two components has a stellar classification of A1V, which matches an A-type main-sequence star. They have magnitudes of +5.0 and +5.6. Both components are Am stars, indicating they appear chemically peculiar. The primary appears to be rotating around 3.5 times faster than the secondary.
References
{{reflist|refs=
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| title=Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction
| journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics
| volume=474 | issue=2 | pages=653–664 | date=2007
| arxiv=0708.1752 | bibcode=2007A&A...474..653V
| doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20078357 | s2cid=18759600
| postscript=. }}
| last1=Houk | first1=N. | last2=Smith-Moore | first2=M.
| title=Michigan Catalogue of Two-dimensional Spectral Types for the HD Stars
| volume=4 | year=1988
| bibcode=1988mcts.book.....H | postscript=. }}
| display-authors=1 | last1=Zhao | first1=M.
| last2=Monnier | first2=J. D. | last3=Torres | first3=G.
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| title=Physical Orbit for λ Virginis and a Test of Stellar Evolution Models
| journal=The Astrophysical Journal
| volume=659 | issue=1 | pages=626–641 | date=April 2007
| doi=10.1086/511415 | bibcode=2007ApJ...659..626Z
| arxiv=astro-ph/0612135 | s2cid=13233388 | postscript=. }}
| title=First Results with the IOTA3 Imaging Interferometer: The Spectroscopic Binaries λ Virginis and WR 140
| display-authors=1 | last1=Monnier | first1=J. D.
| last2=Traub | first2=W. A. | last3=Schloerb | first3=F. P.
| last4=Millan-Gabet | first4=R. | last5=Berger | first5=J.-P.
| last6=Pedretti | first6=E. | last7=Carleton | first7=N. P.
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| last28=Torres | first28=G. | last29=Wallace | first29=G.
| journal=The Astrophysical Journal
| volume=602 | issue=1 | pages=L57–L60
| date=February 2004
| doi=10.1086/382213 | bibcode=2004ApJ...602L..57M
| arxiv=astro-ph/0401268 | s2cid=14580216 | postscript=. }}
| last1=Mermilliod | first1=J.-C.
| title=Compilation of Eggen's UBV data, transformed to UBV (unpublished)
| journal=Catalogue of Eggen's UBV Data | publisher=SIMBAD
| date=1986 | bibcode=1986EgUBV........0M | postscript=. }}
| last1=Abt | first1=Helmut A.
| last2=Morrell | first2=Nidia I.
| title=The Relation between Rotational Velocities and Spectral Peculiarities among A-Type Stars
| journal=Astrophysical Journal Supplement
| volume=99 | page=135 | date=July 1995
| doi=10.1086/192182 | bibcode=1995ApJS...99..135A
| postscript=. | doi-access=free}}
| last=Wilson | first=R. E. | year=1953
| title=General Catalogue of Stellar Radial Velocities
| journal=Carnegie Institute Washington D.C. Publication | publisher=Carnegie Institute of Washington, D.C.
| bibcode=1953GCRV..C......0W | postscript=. }}
| title=XHIP: An extended hipparcos compilation
| last1=Anderson | first1=E. | last2=Francis | first2=Ch.
| journal=Astronomy Letters
| volume=38 | issue=5 | pages=331 | year=2012
| bibcode=2012AstL...38..331A | doi=10.1134/S1063773712050015
| arxiv=1108.4971 | s2cid=119257644 | postscript=. }}
{{cite simbad | title=* lam Vir | access-date=2016-09-08 }}
}}
{{Virgo|state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lambda Virginis}}
Category:Virgo (constellation)
Category:Spectroscopic binaries