Lambeth Waterworks Company
{{Short description|Water supply company in London, 1785–1903}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Lambeth Waterworks Company
| type =
| industry = Water supply
| founded = {{Start date|1785}} in London, UK
| defunct = {{End date|1904|06|24}}
| fate = Municipalised
| successor = Metropolitan Water Board
}}
The Lambeth Waterworks Company was a utility company supplying water to parts of south London in England. The company was established in 1785 with works in north Lambeth and became part of the publicly owned Metropolitan Water Board in 1904.
Origins
{{Infobox UK legislation
| short_title = Lambeth Waterworks Act 1785
| type = Act
| parliament = Parliament of Great Britain
| long_title = An Act for supplying the Inhabitants of the Parish of Lambeth, and Parts adjacent in the County of Surrey, with Water.
| year = 1785
| citation = 25 Geo. 3. c. 89
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| royal_assent = 4 July 1785
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The Lambeth Waterworks Company, founded by the {{visible anchor|Lambeth Waterworks Act 1785}} (25 Geo. 3. c. 89) to supply water to south and west London, established premises on the south bank of the River Thames close to the present site of Hungerford Bridge where the Royal Festival Hall now stands. The company's first water-intake lay on the south side of the river, supplied directly from the river. After complaints that the water was foul, the intake was moved to the middle of the river. The Company expanded to supply Kennington in 1802 and about this time replaced its wooden pipes with iron ones.
[http://www.ph.ucla.edu/epi/snow/1859map/lambeth_waterworks_a2.html UCLA Department of Epidemiology Lambeth Waterwork history]
Infrastructure
{{Infobox UK legislation
| short_title = Lambeth Waterworks Act 1834
| type = Act
| parliament = Parliament of the United Kingdom
| long_title =
| year = 1834
| citation = 4 & 5 Will. 4. c. vii
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| royal_assent = 26 March 1834
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| repealing_legislation = Lambeth Waterworks Act 1848
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| original_text = https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/Will4/4-5/7/pdfs/ukla_18340007_en.pdf
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{{Infobox UK legislation
| short_title = {{visible anchor|Lambeth Waterworks Act 1848}}
| type = Act
| parliament = Parliament of the United Kingdom
| long_title =
| year = 1848
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{{Infobox UK legislation
| short_title = {{visible anchor|Lambeth Waterworks Act 1871}}
| type = Act
| parliament = Parliament of the United Kingdom
| long_title = An Act for empowering the Company of Proprietors of Lambeth Waterworks to execute further works, and for extending the limits within which they are authorised to supply water; and for other purposes.
| year = 1871
| citation = 34 & 35 Vict. c. lxxxiii
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| royal_assent = 29 June 1871
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| original_text = https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/Vict/34-35/83/pdfs/ukla_18710083_en.pdf
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In 1832 the company built a reservoir at Streatham Hill, and then obtained the {{visible anchor|Lambeth Waterworks Act 1834}} (4 & 5 Will. 4. c. vii) to extend its area of supply. In the same year the company purchased {{convert|16|acre|m2}} of land in Brixton and built a reservoir and works on Brixton Hill adjacent to Brixton Prison.[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=49767 Stockwell: Brixton Hill area, Survey of London: volume 26: Lambeth: Southern area (1956), pp. 100-105. Date accessed: 22 September 2008]
Around the 1850s the quality of drinking water became a matter of public concern, and John Snow examined the state of waters in 1849.[http://matrix.msu.edu/~johnsnow/MCC1-PMCC-51MT.pdf John Snow On the Mode of Communication of Cholera (Pamphlet) 1849, 1850] Parliament passed the Metropolis Water Act 1852 to "make provision for securing the supply to the Metropolis of pure and wholesome water". Under the act, it became unlawful for any water company to extract water for domestic use from the tidal reaches of the Thames after 31 August 1855, and from 31 December 1855 all such water was required to be "effectually filtered".An Act to make better Provision respecting the Supply of Water to the Metropolis, (15 & 16 Vict. c. 84) The directors had already decided in 1847 to move the intake for their reservoirs to Seething Wells. The facilities were completed in 1852, and the Lambeth was joined there taking advantage of its pipes to the city by the Chelsea Waterworks Company. The facilities played a role in John Snow's statistical investigations during a cholera outbreak, the facility was further upriver than many other waterworks and hence had cleaner water, leading to fewer cholera deaths.{{cite web |title=Location of water companies |url=https://www.ph.ucla.edu/epi/snow/watercompanies.html |website=www.ph.ucla.edu}}
However the inlets pumped in too much silt with the water because of turbulence caused by the discharge (confluence) of the River Mole/Ember and The Rythe into the Thames immediately upstream. The Lambeth Waterworks Company thus moved upstream to Molesey between Sunbury and Molesey Locks, where they built the Molesey Reservoirs in 1872 and the Chelsea Waterworks Company followed them there three years later.[http://www.moleseyhistory.co.uk/books/surrey/industrialHistory/index.html#D1 A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of the Borough of Elmbridge]