Landing platform helicopter
{{short description|Hull classification used by a number of the world's navies}}
{{More citations needed|date=July 2008}}
File:Navio-Aeródromo Multipropósito Atlântico (NAM "Atlântico") (44210493302).jpg]]
Landing platform helicopter (LPH) is a term used by some navies to denote a type of amphibious warfare ship designed primarily to operate as a launch and recovery platform for helicopters and other VTOL aircraft. As such, they are considered a type of helicopter carrier.
Under the NATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG) document for reporting vessels, LPH is a short form designator used for "Amphibious Assault Ship, Helicopter" defined as a "large helicopter carrier" for carrying and deploying around 1,800 assault troops using its own aircraft, but for which use of landing craft is "not a principal function". For ships of this hull classification in the Royal Navy, LPH is a direct acronym for "Landing Platform Helicopter", while the United States Navy referred to its vessels within this classification as "Landing ship, Personnel, Helicopter",{{cite book|last=Friedman |first=Norman |title=U.S. Amphibious Ships and Craft: An Illustrated Design History |publisher=Naval Institute Press |year=2002 |series=Illustrated Design Histories |page=656 |isbn=1-55750-250-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oWX-x0b4pw4C&pg=PA218 }} and after 2006 as "amphibious assault ships". The etymology is L for amphibious, P for transport, and H for helicopter. Regardless of the terminology, all vessels classified as an LPH possess essentially similar capabilities.
The Royal Navy also used the term "Commando Carrier", which it applied to aircraft carriers converted to helicopter only operations. Prior to selling the vessel to the Brazilian Navy in 2018, the RN operated {{HMS|Ocean|L12|6}} as an LPH. Following the British government's decision to withdraw its Harrier aircraft at the end of 2010, the former light fleet carrier {{HMS|Illustrious|R06|6}} also performed this role until decommissioning in 2014.
The LPH classification was used by the U.S. Navy for the amphibious assault ships of the {{Sclass|Iwo Jima|amphibious assault ship|4}}, a converted {{Sclass|Casablanca|escort carrier}} and three converted {{Sclass|Essex|aircraft carrier}}s. No ships of this classification are currently in active service with the U.S. Navy, having been replaced with multi-purpose ships classified under NATO naming conventions as landing helicopter dock or landing helicopter assault ships.
Ships classified as LPH
= Brazilian Navy =
- {{Ship|Brazilian aircraft carrier|Atlântico||2}} (ex {{HMS|Ocean|L12}})
= Republic of Korea Navy =
- {{Sclass|Dokdo|amphibious assault ship|1}}
- {{ship|ROKS|Dokdo|LPH-6111|6}}
- {{ship|ROKS|Marado}}
= Royal Navy =
Royal Navy "Commando Carriers" and "Amphibious Helicopter Carriers"
- {{HMS|Ocean|R68}} – 1956 only, emergency minimal conversion for Suez Crisis {{Sclass|Colossus|aircraft carrier|1}} - Broken up
- {{HMS|Theseus|R64|6}} – 1956 only, emergency minimal conversion for Suez Crisis Colossus class. Placed into reserve until broken up in 1962
- {{HMS|Albion|R07|6}} – 1962–1972, converted {{Sclass|Centaur|aircraft carrier|1}} - Converted to a Commando carrier in 1961/62. Decommissioned 1972 and scrapped.
- {{HMS|Bulwark|R08|6}} – 1960–1980, converted Centaur class. Converted to an anti-submarine warfare carrier 1979. Kept in service until HMS Invincible entered service. Due to accumulated damage she was not fit for emergency use in the Falklands War and was later broken up.
- {{HMS|Hermes|R12|6}} – 1973–1976, Centaur-class aircraft carrier converted for amphibious operations, then in 1976 as a helicopter anti-submarine warfare carrier and later still as a BAe Sea Harrier-equipped VSTOL light carrier. During the Falklands operated helicopters for both anti-submarine and troop movements Sold to the Indian Navy, as the INS Viraat.
- {{HMS|Ocean|L12}}{{citation |url=http://royalnavy.mod.uk/operations-and-support/surface-fleet/assault-ships/hms-ocean/history/index.htm |title=HMS Ocean - History |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920083826/http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/operations-and-support/surface-fleet/assault-ships/hms-ocean/history/index.htm |archive-date=2011-09-20 }} – 1998–2018 designed and built as a commando carrier based on the Invincible-class STOVL carrier hull. Decommissioned in March 2018 sold to Brazil, who renamed it {{ship|Brazilian aircraft carrier|Atlântico||2}}.{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-devon-34909649|title=HMS Ocean to be decommissioned in 2018, MoD announces|date=2015-11-24|newspaper=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2017-01-04}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.defensenews.com/story/defense-news/2015/11/27/royal-navys-helicopter-assault-carrier-ocean-decommissioned/76443520/|title=Royal Navy's Helicopter Assault Carrier Ocean To Be Decommissioned |first=Andrew |last=Chuter|website=Defense News|date=27 November 2015 |access-date=2017-01-04}}
- {{HMS|Illustrious|R06|6}} - 2011–2014, {{Sclass|Invincible|aircraft carrier|1}} equipped and re-purposed as a commando carrier while HMS Ocean was in refit.In 2010, the entire fleet of Harrier aircraft was grounded and subsequently sold in 2011 to the USMC for replacement parts. Thereafter, Illustrious only carried helicopters as no carrier-capable combat aircraft remained in the UK inventory. Decommissioned in 2014 and scrapped in Turkey.
= United States Navy =
- {{USS|Block Island|CVE-106|6}} – {{Sclass|Commencement Bay|escort carrier|1}} – Conversion to LPH cancelled{{cite web|url=http://www.hazegray.org/navhist/carriers/us_assau.htm|title=World Aircraft Carriers List: US Assault Carriers|website=www.hazegray.org}} -Scrapped
- {{USS|Iwo Jima|LPH-2|6}} – {{Sclass|Iwo Jima|amphibious assault ship|1}} – First ship to be designed and built from the keel up as an amphibious assault ship - Scrapped
- {{USS|Okinawa|LPH-3|6}} – Iwo Jima class - Sunk in SINKEX
- {{USS|Boxer|CV-21|6}} – converted straight deck {{Sclass|Essex|aircraft carrier|1}} - Scrapped
- {{USS|Princeton|CV-37|6}} – converted straight deck Essex-class aircraft carrier - Scrapped
- {{USS|Thetis Bay}} – converted {{Sclass|Casablanca|escort carrier|1}} - Scrapped
- {{USS|Guadalcanal|LPH-7|6}} – Iwo Jima-class - Sunk in SINKEX
- {{USS|Valley Forge|CV-45|6}} – converted straight deck Essex-class aircraft carrier - Scrapped
- {{USS|Guam|LPH-9|6}} – Iwo Jima class - Sunk in SINKEX
- {{USS|Tripoli|LPH-10|6}} – Iwo Jima class – Scrapped
- {{USS|New Orleans|LPH-11|6}} – Iwo Jima class - Sunk in SINKEX off of the coast of Oahu, Hawaii.
- {{USS|Inchon}} – Iwo Jima class - Stricken from the list and sunk east of Virginia Beach, Virginia on 5 December 2004.