Landysh
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
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{{Infobox ship image | Ship image = Ландыш в Большом Камне 2015.06.27.JPG | Ship caption = Landysh in Bolshoy Kamen, 2015 }} {{Infobox ship career | Hide header = | Ship country = Russia | Ship flag = {{shipboxflag|Russia|civil}} | Ship name = Landysh | Ship namesake = | Ship owner = | Ship operator = | Ship registry = | Ship route = | Ship ordered = | Ship builder = Amur Shipbuilding Plant | Ship original cost = | Ship yard number = | Ship way number = | Ship laid down = 1997 | Ship launched = | Ship completed = | Ship commissioned = 2000 | Ship decommissioned = | Ship christened = | Ship acquired = | Ship maiden voyage = | Ship in service = | Ship out of service = | Ship identification = | Ship fate = | Ship status = | Ship notes = }} {{Infobox ship characteristics | Hide header = | Header caption = | Ship class = | Ship tonnage = | Ship displacement = 3,900 | Ship length = {{convert|65|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | Ship beam = {{convert|23.4|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | Ship height = {{convert|6.6|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | Ship draught = {{convert|3.5|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | Ship depth = | Ship decks = | Ship deck clearance = | Ship ramps = | Ship range = | Ship power = | Ship propulsion = | Ship speed = | Ship capacity = | Ship crew = 46 | Ship notes = }} |
Landysh ({{langx|ru|Ландыш|lit=Lily of the Valley}}; known as Suzuran in Japan{{cite news |title=Japan earthquake: Radioactive leak into ocean 'stopped' |url=http://www.theindependentbd.com/international/asia/43122-japan-earthquake-radioactive-leak-into-ocean-stopped.html |newspaper=The Independent |date=6 April 2011 |accessdate=28 April 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120915050836/http://www.theindependentbd.com/international/asia/43122-japan-earthquake-radioactive-leak-into-ocean-stopped.html |archive-date=15 September 2012 |url-status=dead }}) is a floating facility for processing contaminated water produced when decommissioning nuclear submarines. It was built in Russia with funds from Japan as part of an agreement on nuclear arms disposal, but has not left the wharf. Japan requested that Russia send Landysh to help in the aftermath of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster.{{cite news|title=Landysh to help Japan defeat radiation| url=http://english.ruvr.ru/2011/04/07/48612802.html| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110411110016/http://english.ruvr.ru/2011/04/07/48612802.html| url-status=dead| archive-date=11 April 2011| publisher=The Voice of Russia| date=7 April 2011|accessdate=8 April 2011}}{{cite news |title=Japan Seeks Russian Help on Nuclear Crisis |url=http://www.rferl.org/content/japan_nuclear/3546499.html |publisher=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |date=4 April 2011 |accessdate=8 April 2011}}
History
In 1972 the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter was held and in 1975 the Soviet Union ratified the agreement to limit the dumping of high-level radioactive wastes in the oceans. In 1983 many Convention members signed a voluntary moratorium on all dumping of radioactive wastes at sea, but the USSR did not sign and continued to dispose of low-level radioactive reactor coolant water from its nuclear submarines. Leaks and intentional releases of radioactive materials from Russian facilities in the Far East prompted Japan to offer financial aid for Russia to build facilities to treat low-level radioactive water in 1994. By 1996 a design for a floating processing facility was accepted and contracts issued to the Tomen Corporation (Japan), Babcock & Wilcox (USA) and the Amur Shipbuilding Plant (Russia). Landysh was built at the Amur shipyard in Komsomolsk-on-Amur, completed in 1998 and commissioned in 2000.{{cite journal |last1=Chuen |first1=Cristina |last2=Troyakova |first2=Tamara |year=2001 |title=The Complex Politics of Foreign Assistance: Building the Landysh in the Russian Far East|journal=The Nonproliferation Review |volume=Summer |issue=2 |pages=134–149 |doi=10.1080/10736700108436858 |s2cid=143643540 |url=http://cns.miis.edu/npr/pdfs/82chuen.pdf |accessdate=2011-04-08 }} Landysh remained at Zvezda shipyard in Bolshoy Kamen until 2011.{{cite news |title=Russia floating nuclear waste plant ready to depart for Japan |url=http://www.itar-tass.com/eng/level2.html?NewsID=16134586&PageNum=0 |agency=ITAR TASS |date=8 April 2011 |accessdate=8 April 2011 }}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} As of 9 May 2011 discussions between Rosatom, the Russian nuclear agency, and Japan concerning the dispatch of Landysh to Japan were still ongoing. Japanese reluctance to accept Russian assistance may be linked to the Kuril Islands dispute between Russia and Japan.{{cite web|url=http://www.css.ethz.ch/en/services/digital-library/articles/article.html/128926/pdf|title=Moving Beyond the Kurile Conflict|first=John C. K.|last=Daly|publisher=International Relations and Security Network, ETH Zurich|date=9 May 2011|accessdate=10 May 2011}}
Description
Landysh is a barge and must be towed from one location to another. It is {{convert|65|m|ft|abbr=on}} long, {{convert|23.4|m|ft|abbr=on}} wide,{{cite web|url=http://xn--80aojiwd.xn--p1ai/продукция/гражданское-кораблестроение/плавучий-комплекс-по-переработке-жид/|title=Плавучий комплекс по переработке жидких радиоактивных отходов "Ландыш"|publisher=Amur Shipbuilding Plant|access-date=2019-01-30|language=ru}} and has a double hull; its waste-treatment facility has thick concrete walls to prevent spills. It displaces 3,900 tonnes and carries a crew of 46.
Capabilities
There are conflicting reports about what level of radioactivity can be in the water processed by Landysh; some sources state that it can only process low-level water whilst other sources state it can handle medium- and low-level water; all sources agree that it can process up 7,000 m3 per year. There have been questions raised about the effectiveness of the decontamination process, especially regarding the removal of caesium-137.{{cite conference |url=http://www.wmsym.org/archives/2001/21D/21D-34.pdf |title=Conceptual Aspects of Low-level Liquid Radioactive Waste (LRW) Decontamination |author=R.A Penzin |date= 25 February – 1 March 2001 |publisher=WM'01 Conference |location=Tucson, AZ |accessdate=2011-04-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821075008/http://www.wmsym.org/archives/2001/21D/21D-34.pdf|archive-date=2014-08-21}} Landysh uses a combination of filtration, ion exchange and reverse osmosis to remove radioactive material from water. After collecting and concentrating the radioactive materials, they are mixed with cement and placed in 200-litre barrels for further radioactive waste management.
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [http://www.google.com/search?q=Установка+«Ландыш»&hl=en&tbm=isch Google Image Search for Landysh in Russian]
Category:Nuclear technology in Russia