Lari (bird)

{{short description|Suborder of birds}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| fossil_range = Eocene-Holocene, {{fossilrange|35|0}}

| image = 2004-04-10 Larus michahellis ad.jpg

| image_caption = Atlantic yellow-legged gull

| taxon = Lari

| authority = Sharpe, 1891

| subdivision_ranks = Families

| subdivision =

• Turnicidae
• Dromadidae
• Glareolidae
• Laridae
• Stercorariidae
• Alcidae

}}

Image:Crested Tern Tasmania.jpg displaying in Tasmania.]]

The suborder Lari is the part of the order Charadriiformes that includes the gulls, terns, skuas and skimmers; the rest of the order is made up of the waders and snipes. The auks are now placed into the Lari too, following recent research.

{{ cite journal | last1=Baker | first1=A.J. | last2=Pereira | first2=S.L. | last3=Paton | first3=T.A. | year=2007 | title=Phylogenetic relationships and divergence times of Charadriiformes genera: multigene evidence for the Cretaceous origin of at least 14 clades of shorebirds | journal=Biology Letters | volume=3 | issue=2 | pages=205–209 | doi=10.1098/rsbl.2006.0606 | doi-access=free | pmc=2375939 | pmid=17284401}} {{ cite journal | title=Erratum: Phylogenetic relationships and divergence times of Charadriiformes genera: multigene evidence for the Cretaceous origin of at least 14 clades of shorebirds | year=2008 | journal=Biology Letters | volume=4 | pages=762–763 | doi=10.1098/rsbl.2006.0606erratum | doi-access=free | last1 = Baker | first1 = A. J. | last2 = Pereira | first2 = S. L. | last3 = Paton | first3 = T. A.}} Sometimes, the buttonquails are also placed here, but the molecular data and fossil record rather suggests they are a quite basal offshoot along with the snipe-like and aberrant waders.Paton et al., 2003; Thomas et al., 2004; Paton & Baker, 2006

The larids are generally larger species that take fish from the sea. Several gulls and skuas will also take food items from beaches, or rob smaller species, and some have become adapted to inland environments.

The suborder Lari includes five to six families:{{ cite book | last=Cracraft | first=Joel | editor-last1=Dickinson | editor-first1=E.C. | editor1-link=Edward C. Dickinson | editor-last2=Remsen | editor-first2=J.V. Jr. | editor2-link=James Van Remsen, Jr. | year=2013 | title=The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World | volume= 1: Non-passerines | edition=4th | location=Eastbourne, UK | publisher=Aves Press | isbn=978-0-9568611-0-8 | pages=xxxvii–xxxviii }}{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | date=July 2021 | title=IOC World Bird List Version 11.2 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=19 December 2021 }}

• Family Dromadidae – crab-plover
• Family Glareolidae – coursers, pratincoles (17 species)
• Family Laridae – gulls, terns, skimmers (103 species)
• Family Stercorariidae – skuas (7 species)
• Family Alcidae – auks (25 species)

and sometimes:

• Family Turnicidae – buttonquails (18 species)

{{Cladogram

|caption=A family level phylogeny of the suborder Lari based a study by Heiner Kuhl and collaborators published in 2020.{{cite journal | first1 = H. | last1 = Kuhl. | first2 = C. | last2 = Frankl-Vilches | first3 = A. | last3 = Bakker | first4 = G. | last4 = Mayr | first5 = G. | last5 = Nikolaus | first6 = S. T. | last6 = Boerno | first7 = S. | last7 = Klages | first8 = B. | last8 = Timmermann | first9 = M. | last9 = Gahr | year = 2020 | title = An unbiased molecular approach using 3'-UTRs resolves the avian family-level tree of life | journal = Molecular Biology and Evolution | volume = 38 | pages = 108–127 | doi = 10.1093/molbev/msaa191 | pmid = 32781465 | doi-access = free | pmc = 7783168 }} The families and the number of species are from the list maintained by Frank Gill, Pamela Rasmussen and David Donsker on behalf of the International Ornithologists' Union.

|align=centre

|cladogram={{Clade| style=font-size:100%;line-height:80%;width:550px;

|label1=Lari

|1={{clade

|1=Turnicidae – buttonquails (18 species)

|2={{clade

|1={{clade

|1=Dromadidae – crab-plover

|2=Glareolidae – coursers, pratincoles (17 species)

}}

|2={{clade

|1=Laridae – gulls, terns, skimmers (103 species)

|2={{clade

|1=Stercorariidae – skuas (7 species)

|2=Alcidae – auks (25 species)

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}