Las Campanas Observatory

{{Infobox Observatory}}

Las Campanas Observatory (LCO) is an astronomical observatory managed by the Carnegie Institution for Science (CIS). Located in Chile's Atacama Region, it sits about {{Convert|100|km|mi}} northeast of the city of La Serena. The LCO's telescopes and facilities are positioned near the northern end of a {{Convert|7|km|mi|abbr=on}} mountain ridge. Cerro Las Campanas, situated near the southern end of this ridge and standing over {{Convert|2500|m|ft|abbr=on}} tall, will be the future site of the Giant Magellan Telescope.{{Citation |title=A Giant Telescope Grows in Chile |vauthors=((Overbye, D.)), ((Zegers, M.)) |date=April 18, 2023 |website=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/18/science/astronomy-telescopes-magellan-chile.html |access-date=22 April 2023}}

Established in 1969, LCO is CIS's primary observatory, having taken over this role from Mount Wilson Observatory due to increasing light pollution in the Los Angeles area. The headquarters of Carnegie Observatories is in Pasadena, California, while the main office in Chile is in La Serena, close to the University of La Serena and near the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy facility.

The observatory is served by Pelicano Airport, located {{convert|23|km}} to the southwest.

Telescopes

= Tenant telescopes =

  • The {{Convert|1.3|m|in|abbr=on}} Warsaw Telescope is the main instrument of the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment operated by the University of Warsaw Observatory. Installed in 1996, it is a Ritchey-Chrétien design built by DFM Engineering. Exact location: {{Coord|29|00|35.8|S|70|42|05.9|W|region:CL-AT_type:landmark|display=inline|name=Warsaw Telescope at LCO}} ± 1 meter, altitude of the base of the building {{Convert|2275|m|ft}} over mean sea level.
  • The All Sky Automated Survey (ASAS) is a project to monitor the southern sky for variable stars. It consists of two wide-field telescopes, one narrow field telescope, and one ultra-wide field telescope. A prototype system was installed in 1996 and a second in 1997, both in the same enclosure as the 10-inch astrograph. The three larger telescopes were installed in 2000. The ultra-wide device was added in 2002 when the existing telescopes were moved to a new, smaller enclosure. Location: {{Coord|29|00|36.9|S|70|42|05.1|W|region:CL-AT_type:landmark|display=inline|name=ASAS South Telescopes at LCO}} ± 5 meter.
  • The Hungarian Automated Telescope South (HAT-South) facility is part of the HATNet Project to detect exoplanets using the transit method. It consists of a pair of four {{Convert|0.18|m|in|abbr=on}} Takahasi reflecting astrographs on a common mount. It was installed in 2009.
  • The Birmingham Solar Oscillations Network (BiSON) operates at station at LCO.
  • The Local Volume Mapper of the SDSS-V consists of four telescopes (siderostats) each with 0.16 m diameter near {{Coord|29|00|39.0|S|70|42|02.34|W|region:CL-AT_type:landmark|display=inline|name=LVM telescopes at LCO}}.{{cite arXiv|eprint=1711.03234|title=SDSS-V: pioneering panoptic spectroscopy|year=2017|last1=Kollmeier|first1=Juna A.|last2=Zasowski|first2=Gail|last3=Rix|first3=Hans-Walter|last4=Johns|first4=Matt|last5=Anderson|first5=Scott F.|last6=Drory|first6=Niv|last7=Johnson|first7=Jennifer A.|last8=Pogge|first8=Richard W.|last9=Bird|first9=Jonathan C.|last10=Blanc|first10=Guillermo A.|last11=Brownstein|first11=Joel R.|last12=Crane|first12=Jeffrey D.|last13=De Lee|first13=Nathan M.|last14=Klaene|first14=Mark A.|last15=Kreckel|first15=Kathryn|last16=MacDonald|first16=Nick|last17=Merloni|first17=Andrea|last18=Ness|first18=Melissa K.|last19=O'Brien|first19=Thomas|last20=Sanchez-Gallego|first20=Jose R.|last21=Sayres|first21=Conor C.|last22=Shen|first22=Yue|last23=Thakar|first23=Ani R.|last24=Tkachenko|first24=Andrew|last25=Aerts|first25=Conny|last26=Blanton|first26=Michael R.|last27=Eisenstein|first27=Daniel J.|last28=Holtzman|first28=Jon A.|last29=Maoz|first29=Dan|last30=Nandra|first30=Kirpal|class=astro-ph.GA|display-authors=29}}{{cite journal|title=SDSS-V Pioneering panoptic spectroscopy|year=2020|journal=Bulletin of the AAS|volume=51|issue=7|url=https://baas.aas.org/pub/2020n7i274/release/1}}

{{cite book|first1=T.|last1=Herbst|first2=Pavaman|last2=Bilgi|editor1-first=Heather K|editor1-last=Marshall|editor2-first=Jason|editor2-last=Spyromilio|editor3-first=Tomonori|editor3-last=Usuda|title=Ground-based and Airborne Telescopes VIII|chapter=The SDSS-V local volume mapper telescope system|year=2020|doi=10.1117/12.2561419 |publisher=SPIE|page=114450J|volume=11445|isbn=9781510636774|s2cid=230583048}}

= Former telescopes =

= Future telescopes =

|title=The Giant Magellan Telescope Organization Breaks Ground in Chile

|date=11 November 2015 |publisher=GMTO Corporation

|url=http://www.gmto.org/2015/11/the-giant-magellan-telescope-organization-breaks-ground-in-chile/

}} at LCO, with commissioning expected to begin in 2029. It is {{Convert|24.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} effective aperture design with seven {{Convert|8.4|m|ft|abbr=on}} segments. The telescope will have a light-gathering area of {{Convert|368|m2|ft2|abbr=on}}, which is roughly fifteen times greater than one of the Magellan telescopes. The mirrors are being fabricated by the Steward Observatory Mirror Laboratory, and the first was started in 2005.

Discoveries

On February 24, 1987 at LCO, Ian Shelton and Oscar Duhalde became the first official observers of Supernova 1987A (SN 1987A).

On August 17, 2017 at LCO, SSS17a, the optical counterpart to the gravitational wave source GW170817, was discovered with the Swope telescope.{{Cite journal|last1=Coulter|first1=D. A.|last2=Foley|first2=R. J.|last3=Kilpatrick|first3=C. D.|last4=Drout|first4=M. R.|last5=Piro|first5=A. L.|last6=Shappee|first6=B. J.|last7=Siebert|first7=M. R.|last8=Simon|first8=J. D.|last9=Ulloa|first9=N.|date=2017-10-16|title=Swope Supernova Survey 2017a (SSS17a), the optical counterpart to a gravitational wave source|url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aap9811|journal=Science|volume=358|issue=6370|language=en|pages=1556–1558|doi=10.1126/science.aap9811|pmid=29038368|issn=0036-8075|arxiv=1710.05452|bibcode=2017Sci...358.1556C|s2cid=206664790}}

Gallery

File:Du Pont Las Campanas.jpg|du Pont telescope

File:Warszawskie Obserwatorium Południowe.jpg|Warsaw telescope dome and control building

File:Warszawskie Obserwatorium Południowe Teleskop.jpg|Warsaw telescope

File:Clay telescope.jpg|Clay telescope (one of the Magellan telescopes)

File:Magellan telescopes.jpg|Magellan telescopes

File:Telescopio Polaco Las Campanas.jpg|Magellan telescopes, Warsaw and Swope telescopes (LTR)

File:Teleskopy ASAS OGLE.jpg|ASAS telescopes

File:BiSON Las Campanas Station.jpg|BiSON Solar Telescope

See also

References

{{Reflist|refs=

{{cite web |title=History {{!}} The Carnegie Observatories |url=http://obs.carnegiescience.edu/about/history |publisher=The Carnegie Observatories |accessdate=2012-01-24}}

{{cite web |title=Magellan Telescopes (6.5m) {{!}} The Carnegie Observatories |url=http://obs.carnegiescience.edu/Magellan |publisher=The Carnegie Observatories |accessdate=2012-01-24}}

{{cite web |title=Magellan Telescopes — Las Campanas Observatory |url=http://www.lco.cl/telescopes-information/magellan/ |publisher=Las Campanas Observatory |accessdate=2012-01-24}}

{{cite web |title=The du Pont Telescope {{!}} The Carnegie Observatories |url=http://obs.carnegiescience.edu/dupont |publisher=The Carnegie Observatories |accessdate=2012-01-24}}

{{cite web |title=The Irénée du Pont Telescope — Las Campanas Observatory |url=http://www.lco.cl/telescopes-information/irenee-du-pont |publisher=Las Campanas Observatory |accessdate=2012-01-24}}

{{cite web |title=The Swope Telescope {{!}} The Carnegie Observatories |url=http://obs.carnegiescience.edu/swope |publisher=The Carnegie Observatories |accessdate=2012-01-24}}

{{cite web |title=The Henrietta Swope Telescope — Las Campanas Observatory |url=http://www.lco.cl/telescopes-information/henrietta-swope/ |publisher=Las Campanas Observatory |accessdate=2012-01-24}}

{{cite web |title=General Description of OGLE |url=http://ogle.astrouw.edu.pl/main/general.html |publisher=Warsaw University Observatory |accessdate=2012-01-24}}

{{cite web |title=All Sky Automated Survey - The ASAS-3 System |url=http://www.astrouw.edu.pl/asas/?page=asas3 |publisher=Warsaw University Observatory |accessdate=2012-01-24}}

{{cite web |title=HAT-South homepage |url=https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/~gbakos/HS/ |publisher=Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics |accessdate=2012-01-24 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140218220841/https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/%7Egbakos/HS/ |archivedate=2014-02-18 }}

{{cite web |title=High-Resolution Optical Spectroscopy - University of Birmingham |url=http://bison.ph.bham.ac.uk/index.php?page=bison,stations,campanas |publisher=University of Birmingham |accessdate=2012-01-24}}

{{cite web |title=The NANTEN2 Telescope {{!}} NANTEN |url=http://www.astro.uni-koeln.de/nanten2/node/25 |publisher=University of Birmingham |accessdate=2012-01-24}}

{{cite web |title=Complejo Astronómico El Leoncito - Helen Sawyer Hogg Telescope |url=http://www.casleo.gov.ar/instrumental/hsh-en.php |publisher=Complejo Astronómico El Leoncito |accessdate=2012-01-23}}

{{cite journal|bibcode=2007eso..pres....8.|title=SN1987A's Twentieth Anniversary|year=2007|pages=8|journal=ESO Press Release}}

{{cite web |title=Pi of the Sky |url=http://grb.fuw.edu.pl/pi/index.html |publisher=Pi of the Sky |accessdate=2012-01-24 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20121221091540/http://grb.fuw.edu.pl/pi/index.html |archivedate=2012-12-21 }}

{{cite web|title=Overview - Giant Magellan Telescope |url=http://www.gmto.org/overview.html |publisher=GMTO Corporation |accessdate=2012-01-24 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609023406/http://www.gmto.org/overview.html |archivedate=2011-06-09 }}

}}