Laterculus Veronensis

The document comprises a list of the names of all the provinces of the empire (c. 100 in total), organised according to the twelve newly created regional groupings called dioceses. Although the dioceses are presented in a single list, they are not ordered in a single geographical sequence but rather in two separate eastern and western groups, the eastern group (Oriens, Pontica, Asiana, Thraciae, Moesiae, Pannoniae) preceding the western (Britanniae, Galliae, Viennensis, Italiae, Hispaniae, Africa). The split is apparent from the discontinuity midway in the list between the dioceses of Pannoniae and Britanniae. The eastern half of the list circles the Mediterranean neatly anticlockwise from south to north or, in continental terms, from Africa, through Asia, to Europe. The arrangement of the western half is less tidy, though it is approximately anticlockwise from north to south, or from Europe to Africa.

The barbarian peoples listed may in some instance have lived outside of the provincial structure of the empire, but they are all clearly regarded as living within the empire. Even in the cases of those barbarians clearly living within provinces, however, the Laterculus suggests that a meaningful distinction was drawn between "civilized" and "uncivilized" areas.{{sfn|Arce|2018|p=377}}{{sfn|Shaw|1986|p=82}}

Theodor Mommsen had dated the provincial situation in the list to 297, but later research changed the estimate to 314–324 for the Eastern Half and 303–314 for the Western Half of the Roman empire. The most recent work by Timothy Barnes and Constantin Zuckerman concludes that the entire document belongs to a single moment, c. 314, the eastern and western parts corresponding to the respective spheres of responsibility of the emperors Licinius and Constantine during the period between Licinius' defeat of Maximinus Daza in 313 and his own defeat in his first civil war with Constantine in 316–317.

The text on the left is the original Latin, divided into lines beginning with capital letters. The original text uses the interpunct (·) to separate entries and is mostly unicase.The text is drawn from {{harvnb|Seeck|1876|pp=247–253}}, with punctuation removed and the spelling of provincial names corrected to better reflect the idiosyncrasies and errors of the original manuscript based on {{harvnb|Barnes|1982|pp=202–203}}. The text on the right is an English translation.The provincial names are from {{harvnb|Barnes|1982|pp=205–208}}; except where noted, those of the barbarian peoples and cities from {{harvnb|Seeck|1876|pp=251–253}}, relying on Karl Müllenhoff.

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Latin original

:{{lang|la|Incipit eiusdem nomina prouinciarum omnium.}}

:{{lang|la|Diocensis Orientis habet prouincias numero XVIII}}

::{{lang|la|Libia superior}}

::{{lang|la|Libia inferior}}

::{{lang|la|Thebais}}

::{{lang|la|Aegyptus iouia}}

::{{lang|la|Aegyptus herculea}}

::{{lang|la|Arabia}}

::{{lang|la|item Arabia}}

::{{lang|la|Augusta libanensis}}

::{{lang|la|Palestina}}

::{{lang|la|Fenicen}}

::{{lang|la|Syria ecohele}}

::{{lang|la|Augusta eupatenses}}

::{{lang|la|Cilicia}}

::{{lang|la|Isauria}}

::{{lang|la|Tupus}}

::{{lang|la|Mesopotamia}}

::{{lang|la|Osroaena}}

:{{lang|la|Diocensis Pontica habet prouincias numero VII}}

::{{lang|la|Bitinia}}

::{{lang|la|Cappadocia}}

::{{lang|la|Galatia}}

::{{lang|la|Pamplagonia, nunc in duas diuisa}}

::{{lang|la|Diospontus}}

::{{lang|la|Pontus polemiacus}}

::{{lang|la|Armenia minor, nunc et maior addita}}

:{{lang|la|Diocensis Asiana habet prouincias numero VIIII}}

::{{lang|la|Phanfilia}}

::{{lang|la|Frigia prima}}

::{{lang|la|Frigia secunda}}

::{{lang|la|Assa}}

::{{lang|la|Lidia}}

::{{lang|la|Caria}}

::{{lang|la|Insuluae}}

::{{lang|la|Fisidae}}

::{{lang|la|Ellespontus}}

:{{lang|la|Diocensis Tracoae habet prouincias numero VI}}

::{{lang|la|Europa}}

::{{lang|la|Rodope}}

::{{lang|la|Tracia}}

::{{lang|la|Emossanus}}

::{{lang|la|Scitia}}

::{{lang|la|Misia inferior}}

:{{lang|la|Diocensis Misiarum habet prouincias numero XI}}

::{{lang|la|Dacias}}

::{{lang|la|Misia superior margensis}}

::{{lang|la|Dardania}}

::{{lang|la|Macedonia}}

::{{lang|la|Tessalia}}

::{{lang|la|Priantina}}

::{{lang|la|Priualentina}}

::{{lang|la|Epiros noua}}

::{{lang|la|Epiros uetus}}

::{{lang|la|Creta}}

:{{lang|la|Diocensis Pannoniarum habet prouincias numero VII}}

::{{lang|la|Pannonia inferior}}

::{{lang|la|Fauensis}}

::{{lang|la|Dalmatia}}

::{{lang|la|Ualeria}}

::{{lang|la|Pannonia superior}}

::{{lang|la|Noricus pariensis}}

::{{lang|la|Noricus mediterranea}}

:{{lang|la|Diocensis Brittaniarum habet prouincias numero VI}}

::{{lang|la|Primam}}

::{{lang|la|Secundam}}

::{{lang|la|Maxime caesariensis}}

::{{lang|la|Aelauiae caesariensis}}

:{{lang|la|Diocensis Galliarum habet prouincias numero VIII}}

::{{lang|la|Betica prima}}

::{{lang|la|Betica secunda}}

::{{lang|la|Germania prima}}

::{{lang|la|Germania secunda}}

::{{lang|la|Sequania}}

::{{lang|la|Lubdunensis prima}}

::{{lang|la|Lubdunensis secunda}}

::{{lang|la|Alpes graiae et poeninae}}

:{{lang|la|Diocensis Biennensis habet prouincias numero VII}}

::{{lang|la|Biennensis}}

::{{lang|la|Narbonensis prima}}

::{{lang|la|Narbonensis secunda}}

::{{lang|la|Nouem populi}}

::{{lang|la|Aquitanica prima}}

::{{lang|la|Aquitanica secunda}}

::{{lang|la|Alpes maritimas}}

:{{lang|la|Diocensis Italiciana habet prouincias numero XVI}}

::{{lang|la|Beteiam histriam}}

::{{lang|la|Flaminiam picenum}}

::{{lang|la|Tusciam umbrenam}}

::{{lang|la|Apuliam calabriam}}

::{{lang|la|Licaoniam}}

::{{lang|la|Corsicam}}

::{{lang|la|Alpes cotias}}

::{{lang|la|Retica}}

:{{lang|la|Diocensis Hispaniarum habet prouincias numero VI}}

::{{lang|la|Beticam}}

::{{lang|la|Lusitaniam}}

::{{lang|la|Kartaginiensis}}

::{{lang|la|Gallecia}}

::{{lang|la|Tharraconensis}}

::{{lang|la|Mauritania tingitania}}

:{{lang|la|Diocensis Africae habet prouincias numero VII}}

::{{lang|la|Proconsularis}}

::{{lang|la|Bizacina}}

::{{lang|la|Zeugitana}}

::{{lang|la|Numidia cirtensis}}

::{{lang|la|Numidia miliciana}}

::{{lang|la|Mauritania caesariensis}}

::{{lang|la|Mauritania tabia insidiana}}

:{{lang|la|Felix saeculum.}}

:{{lang|la|Gentes barbarae, quae pullulauerunt sub imperatoribus}}

::{{lang|la|Scoti}}

::{{lang|la|Picti}}

::{{lang|la|Calidoni}}

::{{lang|la|Rugi}}

::{{lang|la|Heruli}}

::{{lang|la|Saxones}}

::{{lang|la|Camari}}

::{{lang|la|Crinsiani}}

::{{lang|la|Amsiuari}}

::{{lang|la|Angri angriuari}}

::{{lang|la|Fleui}}

::{{lang|la|Bructeri}}

::{{lang|la|Cati}}

::{{lang|la|Burgunziones}}

::{{lang|la|Alamanni}}

::{{lang|la|Sueui}}

::{{lang|la|Franci}}

::{{lang|la|Gallouari}}

::{{lang|la|Iotungi}}

::{{lang|la|Armilausini}}

::{{lang|la|Marcomanni}}

::{{lang|la|Quadi}}

::{{lang|la|Taifruli}}

::{{lang|la|Hermundubi}}

::{{lang|la|Uandali}}

::{{lang|la|Sarmatae}}

::{{lang|la|Sciri}}

::{{lang|la|Carpi}}

::{{lang|la|Scitae}}

::{{lang|la|Gothi}}

::{{lang|la|Indii}}

::{{lang|la|Armeni}}

::{{lang|la|Horro}} [ ]

::{{lang|la|Palmoerni}}

::{{lang|la|Mosoritae}}

::{{lang|la|Marmeritae}}

::{{lang|la|Theui}}

::{{lang|la|Isaur}} [ ]

::{{lang|la|Friges}}

::{{lang|la|Persae}}

:{{lang|la|Item gentes, quae in Mauretaniae sunt}}

::{{lang|la|Mauri gensani}}

::{{lang|la|Mauri mazazeses}}

::{{lang|la|Mauri baueres}}

::{{lang|la|Mauri bacautes}}

::{{lang|la|Celtitibari}}

::{{lang|la|Turini}}

::{{lang|la|Ausitani}}

::{{lang|la|Calpitani}}

::{{lang|la|Cantabri}}

::{{lang|la|Enantes}}

:{{lang|la|Nomina ciuitatum, trans Renum fluuium quae sunt}}

::{{lang|la|Usiphorum}} [{{lang|la|Usipiorum}}]

::{{lang|la|Tuuanium}} [{{lang|la|Tubantum}}]

::{{lang|la|Nictrensium}}

::{{lang|la|Nouarii}}

::{{lang|la|Casuariorum}} [{{lang|la|Chasuariorum}}]

:{{lang|la|Istae omnes ciuitates trans Renum in formulam Belgicae primae redactae. Trans castellum Montiacesenam LXXX leugas trans Renum Romani possederunt. Istae ciuitates sub Gallieno imperatore a barbaris occupatae sunt. Leuga una habet mille quingentos passus. Explicit.}}

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English translation

:Here begins the names of all the provinces.

:The diocese of the East has 18 provinces [only 17 listed]:

::Libya Superior

::Libya Inferior

::Thebais

::Aegyptus Iovia

::Aegyptus Herculea

::Arabia Nova

::Arabia

::Augusta Libanensis

::Syria Palaestina

::Phoenice

::Syria Coele

::Augusta Euphratensis

::Cilicia

::Isauria

::Cyprus

::Mesopotamia

::Osroene

:The diocese of Pontus has 7 provinces:

::Bithynia

::Cappadocia

::Galatia

::Paphlagonia, now [after 384] divided in two

::Diospontus

::Pontus Polemoniacus

::Armenia Minor, now [after 381] with Armenia Major added

:The diocese of Asia has 9 provinces:

::Lycia et Pamphylia

::Phrygia Prima

::Phrygia Secunda

::Asia

::Lydia

::Caria

::the Islands

::Pisidia

::Hellespontus

:The diocese of Thrace has 6 provinces:

::Europa

::Rhodope

::Thracia

::Haemimontus

::Scythia

::Moesia Inferior

:The diocese of the Moesias has 11 provinces:

::Dacia and Dacia Ripensis

::Moesia Superior

::Dardania

::Macedonia

::Thessalia

::Achaea

::Praevalitana

::Epirus Nova

::Epirus Vetus

::Creta

:The diocese of the Pannonias has 7 provinces:

::Pannonia Inferior

::Savensis

::Dalmatia

::Valeria

::Pannonia Superior

::Noricum Ripense

::Noricum Mediterraneum

:The diocese of the Britains has 6 provinces [only 4 listed]:

::Britannia Prima

::Britannia Secunda

::Maxima Caesariensis

::Flavia Caesariensis

:The diocese of the Gauls has 8 provinces:

::Belgica Prima

::Belgica Secunda

::Germania Prima

::Germania Secunda

::Sequania

::Lugdunensis Prima

::Lugdunensis Secunda

::Alpes Graiae et Poeninae

:The diocese of Viennensis has 7 provinces:

::Viennensis

::Narbonensis Prima

::Narbonensis Secunda

::Novem Populi

::Aquitanica Prima

::Aquitanica Secunda

::Alpes Maritimae

:The Italian diocese has 16 provinces [only 8 listed]:The discrepancy between the promised 16 and the listed 8 is the largest in the existing copy of the Laterculus. {{harvnb|Barnes|1982|p=219}}, lists a further four Italian provinces that were probably in existence at the time of the document but are not listed: Aemilia et Liguria, Campania, Sicilia and Sardinia.

::Venetia et Histria

::Flaminia et Picenum

::Tuscia et Umbria

::Apulia et Calabria

::Lucania et Bruttii

::Corsica

::Alpes Cottiae

::Raetia

:The diocese of the Spains has 6 provinces:

::Baetica

::Lusitania

::Carthaginiensis

::Gallaecia

::Tarraconensis

::Mauretania Tingitana

:The diocese of Africa has 7 provinces:

::Africa Proconsularis

::Valeria Byzacena

::Tripolitana

::Numidia Cirtensis

::Numidia Militiana

::Mauretania Caesariensis

::Mauretania Sitifensis{{harvnb|Barnes|1982|p=208}}, suggests Mauretania Tubusuctitana as a possible alternative name of the province.

:A happy age.

:Barbarian peoples who grew under the dominion of the emperors:The translation of this line is from {{harvnb|Arce|2018|p=377}}. {{harvnb|Liccardo|2024|p=41}}, translates {{lang|lapullulauerunt}} as "have spread".

::Scoti

::Picti

::Caledonii

::Rugii

::Heruli

::Saxones

::Chamavi

::?Frisiavi

::Amsivarii

::Angrivarii

::?Müllenhoff suggested a people named for the river Flevum (Latin Fleuus fluuius).

::Bructeri

::Chatti

::Burgundiones

::Alamanni

::Suebi

::Franci

::Chattuarii

::Iuthungi

::Armilausini

::Marcomanni

::Quadi

::Taifali

::Hermunduri

::Vandali

::Sarmatae

::Sciri

::Carpi

::Scythae

::Gothi

::?VenediIt is unlikely that Indii refers to Indians. It was corrected to Vinidi by Müllenhoff, while {{harvnb|Hartmann|2008|p=34}}, suggests Iudaei (Jews).

::Armenii

::Osrhoeni

::Palmyreni

::?The name is corrupted. Müllenhoff suggested it should read Bosoritae; Riese suggested Bostritae. See Kroll 1933 and {{harvnb|Hartmann|2008|p=34}}.

::Marmeridae

::?NabataeansAccording to {{harvnb|Hartmann|2008|p=34}}, Riese suggested reading Theui as a corruption of Nabathei.

::Isauri

::Phryges

::Persae

:The peoples that are in Mauretania:The translation of this line is from {{harvnb|Shaw|1986|p=82}}.

::Quinquegentiani

::Mazices

::Barbares

::Bacuates

::Celtiberi

::?Astures/?Turdetani

::Ausetani

::Carpetani

::Cantabri

::Edetani

:The names of cities that are across the river Rhine:

::[city] of the Usipetes

::[city] of the Tubantes

::[city] of the ?Tencteri{{harvnb|Kerneis|1999|p=360}}, emends it to Nicirenses and takes it to mean "people of the Neckar".

::[city] of the ?NovantaeThis emendation is suggested by {{harvnb|Kerneis|1999|p=360}}.

::[city] of the Chasuarii

:All these cities across the Rhine were received into the rule of Belgica Prima. Across from the fortress of Mogontiacum, the Romans possessed 80 leagues beyond the Rhine. These cities were occupied by barbarians under the emperor Gallienus.The translation of this sentence is from {{harvnb|Liccardo|2024|p=88}}. One league has one thousand five hundred paces [i.e., 1.5 Roman miles]. Explicit.

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{{reflist}}

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• {{cite book |last=Barnes |first=Timothy David |author-link=Timothy Barnes (classicist) |title=The New Empire of Diocletian and Constantine |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=1982 |location=Cambridge, MA |isbn=978-0-674-61126-9}}
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• {{Cite Pauly|XVI,1|376||Mosoritae|Kroll, Wilhelm}}
• {{cite book |first=Salvatore |last=Liccardo |title=Old Names, New Peoples: Listing Ethnonyms in Late Antiquity |year=2024 |publisher=Brill}}
• {{cite journal |last=Mommsen |first=Theodor |authorlink=Theodor Mommsen |title=Verzeichniss der roemischen Provinzen aufgesetzt um 297 |journal=Abhandlungen der Berliner Akademie der Wissenschaften |issue=phil.-hist. Klasse |pages=489–518 |year=1862 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MbgWAAAAQAAJ}}
• {{cite book |last=Riese |first=Alexander |title=Geographi Latini minores |publisher=Henninger Brudern |location=Heilbronn |year=1878 |isbn=1-103-03357-3}}
• {{cite book |last=Seeck |first=Otto |author-link=Otto Seeck |title=Notitia dignitatum: accedunt Notitia urbis Constantinopolitanae et laterculi prouinciarum |url=https://archive.org/details/notitiadignitatu00seec |publisher=Weidmann |location=Berlin |year=1876 |oclc=419258554}}
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{{refend}}

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