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Lathyrus

{{Short description|Plant genus in the pea family Fabaceae}}

{{Automatic taxobox

|image = Grass vetchling close 800.jpg

|image_caption = Grass vetchling (Lathyrus nissolia)

|display_parents = 2

|taxon = Lathyrus

|authority = L. (1753), nom. cons.{{GRIN genus | name = Lathyrus | id = 6554 | accessdate = 10 March 2017}}

|subdivision_ranks = Species

|subdivision = 181; see text

|subdivision_ref =

|synonyms =

  • Anurus {{small|C.Presl (1837)}}
  • Aphaca {{small|Mill. (1754)}}
  • Astrophia {{small|Nutt. (1838)}}
  • Athyrus {{small|Neck. (1790), opus utique oppr.}}
  • Cicercula {{small|Medik. (1787)}}
  • Clymenum {{small|Mill. (1754)}}
  • Graphiosa {{small|Alef. (1861)}}
  • Konxikas {{small|Raf. (1840)}}
  • Lastila {{small|Alef. (1861)}}
  • Lathyroides {{small|Heist. (1759), nom. superfl.}}
  • Lathyros {{small|St.-Lag. (1880), orth. var.}}
  • Menkenia {{small|Bubani (1899)}}
  • Navidura {{small|Alef. (1861)}}
  • Nissolia {{small|Mill. (1754), nom. rej.}}
  • Ochrus {{small|Mill. (1754)}}
  • Orobus {{small|L. (1753)}}
  • Oxypogon {{small|Raf. (1819)}}
  • Pisum {{small|L. (1753)}}
  • Platystylis {{small|Sweet (1828)}}
  • Spatulima {{small|Raf. (1837)}}
  • Vavilovia {{small|Fed. (1939)}}

|synonyms_ref = [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30005985-2 Lathyrus L.] Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 9 August 2023.

}}

Lathyrus {{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|æ|θ|ᵻ|r|ə|s}}Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607 is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family Fabaceae, and contains approximately 160 species. Commonly known as peavines or vetchlings, they are native to temperate areas, with a breakdown of 52 species in Europe, 30 species in North America, 78 in Asia, 24 in tropical East Africa, and 24 in temperate South America.{{cite journal |author1=Asmussen, C. B |author2=A. Liston.| title= Chloroplast DNA characters, phylogeny, and classification of Lathyrus (Fabaceae)| journal= American Journal of Botany|date=March 1998 | volume=85| issue=3| pages= 387–401| doi= 10.2307/2446332 | jstor=2446332|pmid=21684923| doi-access=free}} There are annual and perennial species which may be climbing or bushy. This genus has numerous sections, including Orobus, which was once a separate genus.{{cite book |author1=Fred, Edwin Broun |author2=Baldwin, Ira Lawrence |author3=McCoy, Elizabeth | year = 1932 | title = Root Nodule Bacteria and Leguminous Plants | publisher = UW-Madison Libraries Parallel Press | isbn = 978-1-893311-28-2 | pages =142}} The genus has numerous synonyms, including Pisum, the ancient Latin name for the pea.Gledhill, David (2008). "The Names of Plants". Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|9780521866453}} (hardback), {{ISBN|9780521685535}} (paperback). pp 304

Species

File:Gleaner-a85.jpg crop]]

File:Lathyrus aureus0.jpg]]

File:Lathyrus clymenum.JPG]]

File:Lathyrus davidii 2.jpg]]

File:Lathyrus latifolius C.jpg 'Pink Pearl']]

File:Lathyrus nevadensis 0873.JPG ssp. nevadensis]]

File:Lathyrus odoratus1.jpg, sweet pea mixture]]

File:Lathyrus vernus RF.jpg, spring pea]]

181 species are currently accepted.[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?6554 GRIN Species Records of Lathyrus.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014190520/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?6554 |date=2008-10-14 }} Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

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Ecology

Lathyrus species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, including the grey chi (Antitype chi) and the latticed heath (Chiasmia clathrata), both recorded on meadow vetchling (Lathyrus pratensis), and Chionodes braunella. Lathyrus growth abundance and size both decrease in response to increased temperatures in montane meadows.{{Cite journal |last1=de Valpine |first1=Perry |last2=Harte |first2=John |title=Plant Responses to Experimental Warming in a Montane Meadow |date=1 March 2001 |url=https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[0637:PRTEWI]2.0.CO;2 |journal=Ecology |volume=82 |issue=3 |pages=637–648|doi=10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[0637:PRTEWI]2.0.CO;2 |url-access=subscription }}

Uses

Several species are grown for food, including the pea (Lathyrus oleraceus), Indian pea (L. sativus), and the red pea (L. cicera), and less commonly cyprus-vetch (L. ochrus) and Spanish vetchling (L. clymenum). The tuberous pea (L. tuberosus) is grown as a root vegetable for its starchy edible tuber. The seeds of some Lathyrus species contain the toxic amino acid oxalyldiaminopropionic acid and if eaten in large quantities can cause lathyrism, a serious disease.{{cite journal |author=Barrow, M. V. |display-authors=etal |year=1974 |title=Lathyrism: A Review |journal=The Quarterly Review of Biology |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=101–128 |doi=10.1086/408017 |jstor=2820941 |pmid=4601279 |s2cid=33451792}}

Many species are cultivated as garden plants. The genus includes the garden sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus) and the perennial everlasting pea (Lathyrus latifolius). Flowers on these cultivated species may be rose, red, maroon, pink, white, yellow, purple or blue, and some are bicolored. They are also grown for their fragrance. Cultivated species are susceptible to fungal infections including downy and powdery mildew.

Notes

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External links

  • {{Commons category-inline|Lathyrus}}
  • [http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/specieslist.cgi?where-genus=Lathyrus Calflora Database: Lathyrus species index]
  • [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_IJM.pl?key=9364 Jepson Flora Project: Key to Lathyrus]

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Category:Fabaceae genera

Category:Garden plants

Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus