Lauder Brunton

{{Infobox scientist

| name = Sir Lauder Brunton

| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|Bt|FRS|size=100%}}

| image = Lauder Brunton 1881.jpg

| caption = Brunton in 1881

| birth_date = 14 March 1844

| birth_place = Roxburgh, Scotland

| death_date = 16 September 1916 (aged 72)

| death_place = London, England

| residence =

| citizenship =

| nationality = Scottish

| other_names = Lauder Brunton

| field =

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| known_for = Treatment of angina pectoris

| influences =

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| prizes = Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh {{small|(1915)}}

| footnotes =

| spouse = {{marriage|Louisa Jane Stopford|1879|1909|reason=died}}

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}}

Sir Thomas Lauder Brunton, 1st Baronet, {{post-nominals|country=GBR|FRS}} (14 March 1844 – 16 September 1916) was a British physician who is most-closely associated with the use of amyl nitrite to treat angina pectoris.

Early life

Brunton was born on 14 March 1844 in Roxburgh in southeastern Scotland, the son of James Brunton (1781–1863) and his second wife Agnes Stenhouse (1807–1848). James's first wife was Euphemia Lauder (1794–1822), which gives explanation for his middle name, although he was not directly related to the Lauder's of the Bass.James Brunton Grave Headstone He studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh, beginning research into pharmacology while still a student there, and receiving a gold medal for his 1866 thesis on digitalis.

Career

He left Edinburgh to work in Austria, the Netherlands, and Germany, returning to University College, London, and while there he was selected for a position at St. Bartholomew's Hospital. Brunton's clinical use of amyl nitrite to treat angina was inspired by earlier work with the same reagent by Arthur Gamgee and Benjamin Ward Richardson. Brunton reasoned that the pain and discomfort of angina could be reduced by administering amyl nitrite to open the coronary arteries of patients. In 1874, Brunton was made a Fellow of the Royal Society. He delivered the Goulstonian Lecture in 1877 on "Pharmacology and Therapeutics" and the Croonian Lecture in 1889 on "The Chemical structure of Physiological Action", both to the Royal College of Physicians. He was appointed a Knight Bachelor in the 1900 New Year Honours list, received the knighthood by Queen Victoria at Osborne House on 9 February 1900,{{London Gazette |issue=27167 |date=20 February 1900|page=1169}} and was made a baronet in 1908.{{London Gazette|issue=28158 |date=14 July 1908 |page=5133}} In 1915, he was awarded the Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh.

Diabetes

Brunton favoured a low-carbohydrate high-fat diet to treat diabetes.{{cite journal|author=Tattersall, Robert|year=1995|title=Pancreatic organotherapy for diabetes, 1889-1921|journal=Medical History|volume=39|issue=3|pages=288–316|pmc=1037001|pmid=7643671|doi=10.1017/s0025727300060087}} In 1874, he recommended a diet consisting of butcher meat, fish, eggs and soup with butter, cheese, cream and oil. All fruit and vegetables apart from cress, lettuce and spinach were forbidden.{{cite journal|author=Brunton, Thomas Lauder|year=1874|title=The Pathology and Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus|journal=The British Medical Journal|volume=1|issue=686|pages=221–224|doi=10.1136/bmj.1.686.221 |pmid=20747395|pmc=2293828 }}

In The Lancet in 1894, Brunton stated that he was the first to use raw meat to treat diabetic patients in 1873. The results were not successful.

Personal life

Brunton married Louisa Jane, daughter of Edward Stopford, Archdeacon of Meath, in 1879. She died in 1909.

He died in London on 16 September 1916, aged 72, and was buried on the eastern side of Highgate Cemetery. His memorial was designed by Sir Robert Lorimer. Lorimer also designed a plaque to Brunton in Bowden in Roxburghshire, erected in 1920.Dictionary of Scottish Architects: Robert Lorimer

File:Family grave of Sir Thomas Lauder Brunton in Highgate Cemetery.jpg]]

He was succeeded in the baronetcy by his eldest son Stopford Brunton. Another son, Lt. Edward Brunton, was killed at the Battle of Loos.

Some of Brunton's papers are held at the National Library of Medicine.{{cite web|url=http://oculus.nlm.nih.gov/brunton073|title=Sir Thomas Lauder Brunton Correspondence 1881–1912|publisher=National Library of Medicine}}

Selected publications

{{cite journal|author=Brunton, T. Lauder|year=1874|title=The Pathology and Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus|journal=The British Medical Journal|volume=1|issue=686|pages=221–224|doi=10.1136/bmj.1.686.221 |pmid=20747395|pmc=2293828 }}
{{cite book | author = Brunton, T. Lauder | title = Experimental Investigation of the Action of Medicines | year = 1875 | publisher = J. and A. Churchill | location = London | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=SD_WM9ax61YC&pg=PA1}}
{{cite book | author = Brunton, T. Lauder | title = Pharmacology and Therapeutics, or, Medicine Past and Present | year = 1880 | publisher = Macmillan and Company | location = London | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_LR4JAAAAIAAJ}}
{{cite book | author = Brunton, T. Lauder | title = A Textbook of Pharmacology, Therapeutics, and Materia Medica | year = 1885 | publisher = Macmillan and Company | location = London }}
{{cite book | author = Brunton, T. Lauder | title = On Disorders of Digestion, Their Consequences and Treatment | year = 1886 | publisher = Macmillan and Company | location = London | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_HVcQAAAAYAAJ}}
{{cite journal|author=Brunton, T. Lauder|year=1894|title=Organs of Animals in the Treatment of Disease|journal=The Lancet|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=iau.31858021447093&view=2up&seq=221&size=200|volume=143|issue=3687|pages=1096–1097|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(01)40529-0 }}
{{cite book | author = Brunton, T. Lauder | title = Therapeutics of the Circulation | edition = 2 | year = 1915 | publisher = Paul E. Hoeber | location = New York | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9k51uT_-ED4C}}