Lawrence Ferlinghetti#The Howl trial

Ferlinghetti was born on March 24, 1919, in Yonkers, New York.{{Cite web |title=Academic.Brooklyn |url=http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/modlang/carasi/via/ViaVol3_1Kirschenbaum.htm |access-date=October 30, 2006 |website=Lawrence Ferlinghetti's italianita}}

Shortly before his birth, his father, Carlo, a native of Brescia, died of a heart attack; and his mother, Clemence Albertine (née Mendes-Monsanto), of Portuguese Sephardic Jewish descent, was committed to a mental hospital shortly after. He was raised by an aunt, and later by foster parents.{{Cite journal |last=Robinson |first=Janice S. |year=1984 |title=Review of Lawrence Ferlinghetti: Poet-at-Large |journal=American Literature |volume=56 |issue=1 |pages=119–20 |doi=10.2307/2925929 |jstor=2925929}} He attended the Mount Hermon School for Boys (later Northfield Mount Hermon) graduating in 1937, then the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where he earned a B.A. in journalism in 1941. He began his journalism career by writing sports for The Daily Tar Heel,{{Cite news |last=Zinser |first=Lynn |date=January 20, 2012 |title=Lawrence Ferlinghetti Revives His Love of the 49ers at 92 |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/21/sports/football/lawrence-ferlinghetti-revives-his-love-of-the-49ers-at-92.html}} and published his first short stories in Carolina Magazine, for which Thomas Wolfe had written.{{cite web |last1=Robinson |first1=Shannon |title=Lawrence Ferlinghetti, Fearless Poet, Publisher, and Bookseller, Is Dead at 101 |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/lawrence-ferlinghetti-fearless-poet-publisher-and-bookseller-is-dead-at-101 |website=The Daily Beast |access-date=February 23, 2021 |language=en |date=24 February 2021}}

He served in the U.S. Navy throughout World War II, as the captain of a submarine chaser in the Normandy invasion.{{cite news |title="On the Road," "Howl" and Poetry as Insurgent Art: Legendary Bookseller Lawrence Ferlinghetti on the Beat Generation |url=https://www.democracynow.org/2007/9/3/legendary_beat_generation_bookseller_and_poet |access-date=25 February 2021 |website=Democracy Now! |date=3 September 2007}} In 1947, he earned an M.A. degree in English literature from Columbia University with a thesis on John Ruskin and the British painter J. M. W. Turner. From Columbia, he went to the University of Paris and earned a Ph.D. in comparative literature with a dissertation on "The City as Symbol in Modern Poetry: In Search of a Metropolitan Tradition".{{Cite web |last=Julian Guthrie |date=2012-09-24 |title=Lawrence Ferlinghetti's indelible image |url=http://www.sfgate.com/books/article/Lawrence-Ferlinghetti-s-indelible-image-3886925.php |access-date=2014-02-18 |work=San Francisco Chronicle}}{{Cite book |editor-last=Charters |editor-first=Ann |editor-link=Ann Charters |title=The Portable Beat Reader |location=New York |publisher=Penguin Books |year=1992 |page=245 |isbn=0-1401-5102-8}}

Ferlinghetti met his wife-to-be, Selden Kirby-Smith, the granddaughter of Edmund Kirby-Smith, in 1946 aboard a ship en route to France. They were both heading to Paris to study at the Sorbonne. Kirby-Smith went by the nickname Kirby. Their marriage produced two children before ending in divorce.

He moved to San Francisco in 1951 and founded City Lights in North Beach in 1953, in partnership with Peter D. Martin, a student at San Francisco State University.{{Cite web |last=Ayyoub |first=Loureen |date=May 1, 2024 |orig-date=April 27, 2024 |title=San Francisco bookstore City Lights' dedication to community helps keep it in business - CBS San Francisco |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/sanfrancisco/news/san-francisco-bookstore-city-lights-dedication-to-community-helps-keep-it-in-business/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428172045/https://www.cbsnews.com/sanfrancisco/news/san-francisco-bookstore-city-lights-dedication-to-community-helps-keep-it-in-business/ |archive-date=April 28, 2024 |access-date=2024-07-30 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}} They both invested $500.{{cite news |last1=Whiting |first1=Sam |title=Lawrence Ferlinghetti, poet and founder of City Lights, dead at 101 |url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Lawrence-Ferlinghetti-poet-and-founder-of-City-15972997.php |access-date=23 February 2021 |work=San Francisco Chronicle}} In 1955 Ferlinghetti bought Martin's share and established a publishing house with the same name.{{Cite web|author=Oscar Holland|title=Lawrence Ferlinghetti, celebrated Beat poet and publisher, dies aged 101|date=February 24, 2021 |url=https://www.cnn.com/style/article/poet-lawrence-ferlinghetti-death/index.html|access-date=2021-02-24|publisher=CNN|language=en}} The first series he published was the Pocket Poets Series. He was arrested for publishing Allen Ginsberg's Howl, resulting in a First Amendment trial in 1957, where Ferlinghetti was charged with publishing an obscene work—and acquitted.{{Cite news |last=Kaplan |first=Fred |date=2010-09-24 |title=How 'Howl' Changed the World |language=en-US |work=Slate |url=http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/life_and_art/2010/09/how_howl_changed_the_world.html |issn=1091-2339 |df=mdy-all}}

File:Lawrence Ferlinghetti in Speaking Portraits.jpg

File:Lawrence Ferlinghetti's typewriter (NMAH 2011.0054).jpg]]

{{poemquote|If you would be a poet, create works capable of answering the challenge of apocalyptic times,

even if this meaning sounds apocalyptic.

You are Whitman, you are Poe, you are Mark Twain, you are Emily Dickinson and Edna St. Vincent Millay, you are Neruda and Mayakovsky and Pasolini, you are an American or a non-American, you can conquer the conquerors with words.... ||Lawrence Ferlinghetti. From Poetry as Insurgent Art [I am signaling you through the flames].}}

Ferlinghetti published many of the Beat poets and is regarded by some as a Beat poet as well.{{Cite news |last=Gold |first=Daniel |date=February 7, 2013 |title=A Beat Generation Star Who Won't Answer to that Name |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/08/movies/ferlinghetti-a-rebirth-of-wonder-by-christopher-felver.html |access-date=November 4, 2018}} But he did not consider himself a Beat poet, as he said in the 2013 documentary Ferlinghetti: Rebirth of Wonder: "Don't call me a Beat. I never was a Beat poet."{{Cite magazine |last1=Calderwood |first1=Brent |date=2021-03-01 |title='I Never Was a Beat Poet': Lawrence Ferlinghetti's Musical Vision |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-features/lawrence-ferlinghetti-beat-poet-musical-vision-1134730/ |access-date=2022-04-02 |magazine=Rolling Stone |language=en-US}}

File:Lawrence Ferlinghetti 2012 04.jpg]]

Ferlinghetti penned much of his early poetry in the vein of T. S. Eliot.{{Cite magazine |last=Foley |first=Jack |year=2008 |title=A Second Coming |url=https://www.cprw.com/Foley/ferlinghetti.htm |magazine=Contemporary Poetry Review |access-date=November 4, 2018}} Ferlinghetti told poet and critic Jack Foley, "Everything I wrote sounded just like him." Yet even in his Eliot-inspired poems such as "Constantly Risking Absurdity", Ferlinghetti is ever the populist as he compares the poet first to a trapeze artist in a circus and then to a "little charleychaplin man."

Critics have noted that Ferlinghetti's poetry often takes on a highly visual dimension as befits this poet who was also a painter.{{Cite magazine |last=Landauer |first=Susan and Carl |date=March 1, 2015 |title=Open Eye, Open Palette: The Art of Lawrence Ferlinghetti. |magazine=Confrontation |volume=117 |issue=17 |pages=93–108}} As Jack Foley notes, Ferlinghetti's poems "tell little stories, make 'pictures'."{{Cite magazine |last=Foley |first=Jack |year=2008 |title=A Second Coming |url=http://www.cprw.com/Foley/ferlinghetti.htm |magazine=Contemporary Poetry Review |access-date=November 4, 2018}} Ferlinghetti as a poet paints with his words pictures full of color capturing the average American experience as seen in his poem "In Golden Gate Park that Day: "In Golden Gate Park that day/ a man and his wife were coming along/ ... He was wearing green suspenders ... while his wife was carrying a bunch of grapes."

In the first poem in A Coney Island of the Mind entitled, "In Goya's Greatest Scenes, We Seem To See," Ferlinghetti describes with words the "suffering humanity" that Goya portrayed by brush in his paintings. Ferlinghetti concludes his poem with the recognition that "suffering humanity" today might be painted as average Americans drowning in the materialism: "on a freeway fifty lanes wide/ a concrete continent/ spaced with bland billboards/ illustrating imbecile illusions of happiness."{{Cite book |last=Ferlinghetti |first=Lawrence |url=https://archive.org/details/coneyislandofmin0000ferl_u7s4/page/1 |title=A Coney Island of the Mind |date=2015 |publisher=New Directions |isbn=978-0811217477 |edition=50th Anniversary |page=[https://archive.org/details/coneyislandofmin0000ferl_u7s4/page/1 1] |url-access=registration}}

Ferlinghetti took a distinctly populist approach to poetry, emphasizing throughout his work "that art should be accessible to all people, not just a handful of highly educated intellectuals."{{Cite web |title=Lawrence Ferlinghetti |url=https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems-and-poets/poets/detail/lawrence-ferlinghetti |access-date=November 4, 2016 |website=Poetry Foundation}} Larry Smith, an American author and editor, stated that Ferlinghetti is a poet "of the people engaged conscientiously in the creation of new poetic and cultural forms." This perception of art as a broad socio-cultural force, as opposed to an elitist academic enterprise, is explicitly evident in Poem 9 from Pictures of the Gone World, wherein the speaker states: {{"'}}Truth is not the secret of a few' / yet / you would maybe think so / the way some / librarians / and cultural ambassadors and / especially museum directors / act" (1–8). In addition to Ferlinghetti's aesthetic egalitarianism, this passage highlights two additional formal features of the poet's work, namely, his incorporation of a common American idiom as well as his experimental approach to line arrangement which, as Crale Hopkins notes, is inherited from the poetry of William Carlos Williams.{{Cite journal |last=Hopkins |first=Crale |year=1974 |title=The Poetry of Lawrence Ferlinghetti: A Reconsideration |journal=Italian Americana |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=59–76 |jstor=29775818}}

Reflecting his broad aesthetic concerns, Ferlinghetti's poetry often engages with several non-literary artistic forms, most notably jazz music and painting. William Lawlor asserts that much of Ferlinghetti's free verse attempts to capture the spontaneity and imaginative creativity of modern jazz; the poet is noted for having frequently incorporated jazz accompaniments into public readings of his work.{{Cite book |last=Lawlor |first=William |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MMZqLXP01e4C&q=ferlinghetti+jazz&pg=PA341 |title=Beat Culture: Lifestyles, Icons, and Impact |date=2005 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1851094059 |location=Santa Barbara |pages=34–37 |access-date=November 4, 2016}}

Soon after settling in San Francisco in 1951, Ferlinghetti met the poet Kenneth Rexroth, whose concepts of philosophical anarchism influenced his political development. He self-identified as a philosophical anarchist, regularly associated with other anarchists in North Beach, and sold Italian anarchist newspapers at the City Lights Bookstore.{{Cite news |last=Kelly |first=Kevin |author-link=Kevin Kelly (editor) |date=Winter 1988 |title=Lawrence Ferlinghetti – interview |work=Whole Earth Review |issue=61 |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1510/is_n61/ai_6896896 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090628124345/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1510/is_n61/ai_6896896/ |archive-date=2009-06-28}} "I'm in the anarchist tradition. By "anarchist" I don't mean someone with a homemade bomb in his pocket. I mean philosophical anarchism in the tradition of Herbert Reed in England." While Ferlinghetti said he was "an anarchist at heart", he conceded that the world would need to be populated by "saints" in order for pure anarchism to be lived practically. Hence he espoused what can be achieved by Scandinavian-style democratic socialism.Felver, Christopher. 1996 The Coney Island of Lawrence Ferlinghetti. San Francisco: Mystic Fire Video [documentary film].

In the early 1960s, Ferlinghetti was a supporter of the Fair Play for Cuba Committee.{{cite book |last1=Doyle |first1=Michael |title=Radical Chapters Pacifist Bookseller Roy Kepler and the Paperback Revolution |date=2012 |publisher=Syracuse University Press |page=203}} On January 14, 1967, he was a featured presenter at the Gathering of the tribes "Human Be-In," which drew tens of thousands of people and launched what would become known as San Francisco's "Summer of Love". In 1968, Ferlinghetti signed the "Writers and Editors War Tax Protest" pledge, vowing to refuse to pay his Federal income tax as a protest against the Vietnam War."Writers and Editors War Tax Protest", New York Post, January 30, 1968.

In 1998, in his inaugural address as Poet Laureate of San Francisco, Ferlinghetti urged San Franciscans to vote to remove a portion of the earthquake-damaged Central Freeway and replace it with a boulevard: {{quote|"What destroys the poetry of a city? Automobiles destroy it, and they destroy more than the poetry. All over America, all over Europe in fact, cities and towns are under assault by the automobile, are being literally destroyed by car culture. But cities are gradually learning that they don't have to let it happen to them. Witness our beautiful new Embarcadero! And in San Francisco right now we have another chance to stop Autogeddon from happening here. Just a few blocks from here, the ugly Central Freeway can be brought down for good if you vote for Proposition E on the November ballot."[http://www.citylights.com/Ferlinghetti/?fa=ferlinghetti_interviews "Poetry and City Culture"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110075829/http://www.citylights.com/Ferlinghetti/?fa=ferlinghetti_interviews |date=January 10, 2019 }}. Address at the San Francisco Public Library, October 13, 1998. Retrieved February 19, 2016.}}

Alongside his bookselling and publishing, Ferlinghetti painted for 60 years and much of his work was displayed in galleries and museums throughout the United States.{{Cite journal |year=2008 |title=Lawrence Ferlinghetti Wins the John Ciardi Award for Lifetime Achievement in Poetry |journal=Italian Americana |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=167–170 |jstor=41353794}}

Ferlinghetti painted The beautiful Madonna of Sandusky Oh! hi! O! And friend during a 1996 visit to an art co-op in Sandusky, Ohio, which was subsequently vandalized and censored by a janitor the night after it was painted.{{cite news |title=Ferlinghetti made art here |url=https://sanduskyregister.com/news/307589/ferlinghetti-made-art-here/ |access-date=11 May 2022 |work=sanduskyregister.com |language=en}}{{cite news |last1=Lane |first1=Tahree |title=Renowned poet's artwork, touched up by prudish janitor, is displayed at BGSU |url=https://www.toledoblade.com/a-e/books/2007/03/11/Renowned-poet-s-artwork-touched-up-by-prudish-janitor-is-displayed-at-BGSU/stories/200703110020 |access-date=11 May 2022 |work=The Blade |date=March 11, 2007 |language=en}} Ferlinghetti responded to this act by painting a humorous retort on areas of the canvas where censorship had occurred.

A retrospective of Ferlinghetti's artwork, 60 Years of Painting, was staged in Rome and Reggio Calabria in 2010.Lawrence Ferlinghetti: 60 years of painting, edited by Giada Diano and Elisa Polimeni, Silvana Editoriale, Cinisello Balsamo (MI), 2009

File:Poetry is the shadow cast by our streetlight imaginations by Lawrence Ferlinghetti - Jack Kerouac Alley.jpg, adjacent to the City Lights Bookstore]]

In 1987, he was the initiator of the transformation of Jack Kerouac Alley, located at the side of his shop. He presented his idea to the San Francisco Board of Supervisors calling for repavement and renewal.{{Cite news |last=Nolte |first=Carl |date=March 30, 2007 |title=Kerouac Alley has face-lift |work=San Francisco Chronicle |url=https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/SAN-FRANCISCO-Kerouac-Alley-has-face-lift-2605999.php |access-date=November 18, 2007}}

Ferlinghetti died of interstitial lung disease on February 22, 2021, at his home in San Francisco, a month before his 102nd birthday. He was buried in his family plot at Bolinas Cemetery in Bolinas, California.{{cite web | url=https://sfist.com/2021/02/23/san-francisco-poet-and-city-lights-founder-lawrence-ferlinghetti-dies-at-101/ | title=San Francisco Poet and City Lights Founder Lawrence Ferlinghetti Dies at 101 | date=February 23, 2021 | access-date=July 9, 2023 | archive-date=July 9, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709181143/https://sfist.com/2021/02/23/san-francisco-poet-and-city-lights-founder-lawrence-ferlinghetti-dies-at-101/ | url-status=dead }}{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/lawrence-ferlinghetti-dead/2021/02/23/37b2a134-edd5-11df-abf5-a1622994c5f5_story.html |title=Lawrence Ferlinghetti, literary citadel of San Francisco, dies at 101 |date=February 23, 2021 |last=Brown |first=Emma |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=February 23, 2021}}{{Cite web |first=Len |last=Beyea |date=28 February 2021 |title=Tribute to Lawrence Ferlinghetti, March 24, 1919 - February 23, 2021 - Poet, Publisher, Painter, Raconteur |url=https://ksqd.org/tribute-to-lawrence-ferlinghetti-march-24-1919-february-23-2021-poet-publisher-painter-raconteur/ |access-date=26 December 2021 |website=ksqd.org |language=en-US}}{{Cite web|date=2021-02-23|title=Lawrence Ferlinghetti—the San Francisco poet, publisher and bookseller—has died|url=https://www.latimes.com/obituaries/story/2021-02-23/lawrence-ferlinghetti-city-lights-dead|access-date=2021-12-26|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}{{Cite news|last=McKinley|first=Jesse|date=2021-02-23|title=Lawrence Ferlinghetti, Poet Who Nurtured the Beats, Dies at 101|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/23/obituaries/lawrence-ferlinghetti-dead.html|access-date=2021-12-26|issn=0362-4331}}

File:Premio Carriera Ferlinghetti.JPG

Ferlinghetti received numerous awards, including the Los Angeles Times' Robert Kirsch Award,{{Cite web|url=https://events.latimes.com/festivalofbooks/bookprizes-award/#kirsch|title=BookPrizes by Award - 2019|access-date=February 26, 2021|archive-date=March 27, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327164953/https://events.latimes.com/festivalofbooks/bookprizes-award/#kirsch|url-status=dead}} the BABRA Award for Lifetime Achievement, the National Book Critics Circle Ivan Sandrof Award for Contribution to American Arts and Letters,{{Cite web|url=https://www.bookcritics.org/past-awards/1999/|title=1999|website=National Book Critics Circle}} and the ACLU Earl Warren Civil Liberties Award.{{Cite web|url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/authors/238856/lawrence-ferlinghetti/|title=Lawrence Ferlinghetti | Penguin Random House}} He won the Premio Taormina in 1973, and thereafter was awarded the Premio Camaiore, the Premio Flaiano, the Premio Cavour, among other honors in Italy.{{Cite web|url=http://www.citylights.com/ferlinghetti/|title=City Lights Books|access-date=February 26, 2021|archive-date=January 28, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128162521/http://www.citylights.com/ferlinghetti/|url-status=dead}} The Career Award was conferred on October 28, 2017 at the XIV edition of the Premio di Arti Letterarie Metropoli di Torino in Turin.{{Cite web |title=Arte Città Amica |url=http://www.artecittaamica.it |access-date=November 10, 2017 |publisher=Arte Città Amica}}

Ferlinghetti was named San Francisco's Poet Laureate in August 1998 and served for two years. In 2003 he was awarded the Poetry Society of America's Frost Medal,{{Cite web|url=https://poetrysociety.org/award-winners/name/frost-award|title = Award Winners}} the Author's Guild Lifetime Achievement Award, and was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters.{{Cite web|url=https://www.pw.org/content/ferlinghetti_and_williams_inducted_american_academy_arts_and_letters|title = Ferlinghetti and Williams Inducted into American Academy of Arts and Letters|website=Poets & Writers|date = May 27, 2003}} The National Book Foundation honored him with the inaugural Literarian Award (2005), given for outstanding service to the American literary community.{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationalbook.org/lawrence-ferlinghetti-accepts-the-2005-literarian-award/|title = Lawrence Ferlinghetti Accepts the 2005 Literarian Award|website=National Book Foundation|date =November 16, 2005|access-date= February 29, 2016}} In 2007 he was named Commandeur, French Order of Arts and Letters. In 2008, Ferlinghetti was awarded the John Ciardi Award for Lifetime Achievement in Poetry.{{Cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41353794|jstor = 41353794|title = Lawrence Ferlinghetti Wins the John Ciardi Award for Lifetime Achievement in Poetry|journal = Italian Americana|year = 2008|volume = 26|issue = 2|pages = 167–170}} This award is handed out by the National Italian American Foundation to honor the author who has made the greatest contribution to the writing of Italian American poetry.

In 2012, Ferlinghetti was awarded the inaugural Janus Pannonius International Poetry Prize from the Hungarian PEN Club. After learning that the government of Hungary under Prime Minister Viktor Orbán is a partial sponsor of the {{currency|50,000|EUR}} prize, he declined to accept the award. In declining, Ferlinghetti cited his opposition to the "right-wing regime" of Prime Minister Orbán, and his opinion that the ruling Hungarian government under Mr. Orbán is curtailing civil liberties and freedom of speech for the people of Hungary.{{Cite web |last=Christopher Young |date=October 12, 2012 |title=Beat this: Lawrence Ferlinghetti refuses Hungarian cash award |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/blogs/pageviews/2012/10/beat-this-lawrence-ferlinghetti-refuses-hungarian-cash-award |access-date=October 15, 2012 |website=Daily News|location=New York}}{{Cite web |last=Carolyn Kellogg |date=October 11, 2012 |title=Lawrence Ferlinghetti declines Hungarian award over human rights |url=http://www.latimes.com/features/books/jacketcopy/la-jc-lawrence-ferlinghetti-hungarian-award-human-rights-20121011,0,2002635.story |access-date=October 15, 2012 |website=Los Angeles Times}}{{Cite news |last=Ron Friedman and AP |date=October 13, 2012 |title=Following Elie Wiesel's Lead, US Poet Rejects Hungarian Award |work=The Times of Israel |url=http://baltimorejewishlife.com/news/news-detail.php?SECTION_ID=3&ARTICLE_ID=32857 |url-status=dead |access-date=October 15, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705021952/http://baltimorejewishlife.com/news/news-detail.php?SECTION_ID=3&ARTICLE_ID=32857 |archive-date=July 5, 2015}}{{Cite web |last=Harriet Staff |date=October 11, 2012 |title=Lawrence Ferlinghetti Declines 50,000 Euro Prize from Hungarian PEN Club |url=http://www.poetryfoundation.org/harriet/2012/10/lawrence-ferlinghetti-declines-50000-euro-prize-from-hungarian-pen-club/ |access-date=October 15, 2012 |website=Poetry Foundation}}

Frank Zappa namedropped Lawrence Ferlinghetti as one of the people who influenced his band's music, in the sleeve of his debut album Freak Out! (1966). https://www.donlope.net/fz/notes/Freak_Out_Contributors.html

Ferlinghetti recited the poem Loud Prayer at The Band's final performance; the concert was filmed by Martin Scorsese and released as a documentary entitled The Last Waltz (1978), which included Ferlinghetti's recitation.{{Cite web|url=https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2011/01/the-band-the-lords-prayer-lawrence-ferlinghetti.html|title=The Band - the Lord's Prayer (Lawrence Ferlinghetti)|date=September 14, 2015}} Ferlinghetti was the subject of the 2013 Christopher Felver documentary, Lawrence Ferlinghetti: A Rebirth of Wonder.{{Cite news |date=February 7, 2013 |title=A Beat-Generation Star Who Won't Answer to the Name |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/08/movies/ferlinghetti-a-rebirth-of-wonder-by-christopher-felver.html |access-date=May 26, 2015}} Andrew Rogers played Ferlinghetti in the 2010 film Howl.{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2021/02/23/lawrence-ferlinghetti-poet-activist-dies-471233|title = Lawrence Ferlinghetti, poet and activist, dies at 101|website = Politico|agency=Associated Press|date=February 23, 2021}} Christopher Felver made the 2013 documentary on Ferlinghetti, Lawrence Ferlinghetti: A Rebirth of Wonder.

In 2011, Ferlinghetti contributed two of his poems to the celebration of the 150th anniversary of Italian unification, Song of the Third World War and Old Italians Dying inspired by the artists of the exhibition Lawrence Ferlinghetti and Italy 150 held in Turin, Italy (May–June 2011).{{Cite web |date=2001-06-03 |title=Evento Ferlinghetti: La poesia incontra l'arte |url=http://www.artecittaamica.it/mostre/2011/0527/to7.pdf |access-date=February 18, 2014 |website=LA STAMPA |publisher=Arte Citta' Amica}} On the book of lithographs The Sea Within Us first published in Italy as Il Mare Dentro in 2012, Ferlinghetti collaborated with lithographer and abstract artist James Claussen.{{Cite web|url=http://www.jamesclaussen.com/about-james-claussen.html|title=About James Claussen|website=James Claussen}}{{Cite book |title=The Sea Within Us |date=February 14, 2013|publisher=Aletti Editore|url=https://www.amazon.com/Sea-Within-Us-Lawrence-Ferlinghetti-ebook/dp/B00BG0HJ6G}} Julio Cortázar, in his Rayuela (Hopscotch) (1963), references a poem from A Coney Island of the Mind in Chapter 121.{{cite journal |last1=Bonet |first1=Juan Manuel |title=Para un diccionario Cortázar-París |journal=Rayuela: El París de Cortázar |date=May 2013 |page=131 |access-date= 25 February 2021 |publisher=Instituto Cervantes París |url=https://ep00.epimg.net/descargables/2013/06/28/2783ac7deb8601250cdb495da52e0dfd.pdf}}

{{Library resources box|by=yes|lcheading= Ferlinghetti, Lawrence}}

• Tentative Description of a Dinner Given to Promote the Impeachment of President Eisenhower (Golden Mountain Press, 1958) Broadside poem
• Her (New Directions, 1960) Prose
• One Thousand Fearful Words for Fidel Castro (City Lights, 1961) Broadside poem
• Starting from San Francisco (New Directions, 1961) Poetry (HC edition includes LP of author reading selections)
• Journal for the Protection of All Beings (City Lights, 1961) Journal
• Unfair Arguments with Existence (New Directions, 1963) Short Plays
• Where is VietNam? (Golden Mountain Press, 1963) Broadside poem
• Routines (New Directions, 1964) 12 Short Plays
• Two Scavengers in a Truck, Two Beautiful People in a Mercedes (1968)
• On the Barracks: Journal for the Protection of All Beings 2 (City Lights, 1968) Journal
• Tyrannus Nix? (New Directions, 1969) Poetry
• The Secret Meaning of Things (New Directions, 1970) Poetry
• The Mexican Night (New Directions, 1970) Travel journal
• Back Roads to Far Towns After Basho (City Lights, 1970) Poetry
• Love Is No Stone on the Moon (ARIF, 1971) Poetry
• Open Eye, Open Heart (New Directions, 1973) Poetry
• Who Are We Now? (New Directions, 1976) Poetry
• Northwest Ecolog (City Lights, 1978) Poetry
• Landscapes of Living and Dying (1980) {{ISBN|0-8112-0743-9}}
• Endless Life, Selected Poems (A New Directions Paperbook, 1981)
• Over All the Obscene Boundaries (1986)
• Love in the Days of Rage (E. P. Dutton, 1988; City Lights, 2001) Novel
• Wild Dreams of a New Beginning (New Directions, 1988) {{ISBN|978-0811210744}}
• A Buddha in the Woodpile (Atelier Puccini, 1993)
• These Are My Rivers: New & Selected Poems, 1955–1993 (New Directions, 1993) {{ISBN|0-8112-1252-1}}
• City Lights Pocket Poets Anthology (City Lights, 1995) {{ISBN|978-0-87286-311-8}}
• A Far Rockaway Of The Heart (New Directions, 1997) {{ISBN|0-8112-1347-1}}
• How to Paint Sunlight: Lyrics Poems & Others, 1997–2000 (New Directions, 2001) {{ISBN|0-8112-1463-X}}
• San Francisco Poems (City Lights Foundation, 2001) Poetry {{ISBN|978-1-931404-01-3}}
• Life Studies, Life Stories (City Lights, 2003) {{ISBN|978-0-87286-421-4}}
• Americus: Part I (New Directions, 2004)
• A Coney Island of the Mind (Arion Press, 2005), with portraiture by R.B. Kitaj
• Poetry as Insurgent Art (New Directions, 2007) Poetry
• A Coney Island of the Mind: Special 50th Anniversary Edition with a CD of the author reading his work (New Directions, 2008)
• 50 Poems by Lawrence Ferlinghetti 50 Images by Armando Milani (Rudiano, 2010) Poetry and Graphics {{ISBN|978-88-89044-65-0}}
• Time of Useful Consciousness, (Americus, Book II) (New Directions, 2012) {{ISBN|978-0-8112-2031-6}}, 88p.
• City Lights Pocket Poets Anthology: 60th Anniversary Edition (City Lights, 2015)
• I Greet You At The Beginning Of A Great Career: The Selected Correspondence of Lawrence Ferlinghetti and Allen Ginsberg 1955–1997. (City Lights, 2015)
• Pictures of the Gone World: 60th Anniversary Edition (City Lights, 2015)
• Writing Across the Landscape: Travel Journals, 1960-2010 (Norton, 2015) {{ISBN|978-1-63149-001-9}}
• {{Cite book |last=Ferlinghetti |first=Lawrence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=99dhDwAAQBAJ&q=%22Lawrence+Ferlinghetti%22+%22little+boy%22 |title=Little Boy |date=2019 |publisher=Doubleday |isbn=978-0385544795}} Novel

• {{Cite AV media |title=Kerouac: Kicks Joy Darkness |year=1997 |last=Lawrence Ferlinghetti with Helium |language=English |publisher=Rykodisc |section=Track 8: Dream: On A Sunny Afternoon ...}}
• {{Cite AV media |title=Poetry Readings in the Cellar (with the Cellar Jazz Quintet) |year=1957 |last=Kenneth Rexroth & Lawrence Ferlinghetti |language=English |publisher=Fantasy Records |id=7002 |medium=LP}}
• {{Cite AV media |title=The Impeachment of Eisenhower |year=1958 |last=Lawrence Ferlinghetti |language=English |publisher=Fantasy Records |id=7004 |medium=LP}}
• {{Cite AV media |title=Tyrannus Nix? / Assassination Raga / Big Sur Sun Sutra / Moscow in the Wilderness |year=1970 |last=Lawrence Ferlinghetti |language=English |publisher=Fantasy Records |id=7014 |medium=LP}}
• {{Cite AV media |title=A Coney Island of the Mind |year=1999 |last=Lawrence Ferlinghetti |language=English |publisher=Rykodisc |medium=LP}}
• {{Cite AV media |title=Pictures of the Gone World |year=2005 |last=Lawrence Ferlinghetti with David Amram |publisher=Synergy}}

{{Reflist}}

• {{Cite book |last=Cherkovski |first=Neeli |title=Ferlinghetti: A Biography |date=1979 |publisher=Doubleday |location=New York}}
• {{Cite book |last1=Collins |first1=Ronald |title=Mania: The Story of the Outraged & Outrageous Lives that Launched a Cultural Revolution |last2=Skover |first2=David |date=2013 |publisher=Top-Five Books}}
• {{Cite book |title=I Greet You at the Beginning of a Great Career: The Selected Correspondence of Lawrence Ferlinghetti and Allen Ginsberg, 1955–1997 |date=2015 |publisher=City Lights Publishers |editor-last=Morgan |editor-first=Bill |location=San Francisco}}
• {{Cite book |last=Pescara |first=Walter |title=Lawrence Ferlinghetti – Italian Tour |date=2005 |publisher=Nicolodi |quote=2006 – special edition, not for sale}}
• {{Cite book |last=Silesky |first=Barry |title=Ferlinghetti: The Artist in His Time |date=1990 |publisher=Warner Books |location=New York}}
• {{Cite news |last=Silverberg |first=Ira |year=2018 |title=Lawrence Ferlinghetti on the old San Francisco, his new novel, and his first 100 years |language=en-US |work=Document Journal |url=http://www.documentjournal.com/2018/12/lawrence-ferlinghetti-on-the-old-san-francisco-his-new-novel-and-his-first-100-years |access-date=2018-12-16 |df=mdy-all}}
• {{Cite book |last=Skau |first=Michael |title=Constantly Risking Absurdity: The Writings of Lawrence Ferlinghetti |date=1989 |publisher=Whitson}}
• {{Cite book |last=Smith |first=Larry R. |title=Lawrence Ferlinghetti: Poet-at-Large |date=1983 |publisher=Southern Illinois University Press |location=Carbondale, IL}}
• {{Cite book |last=Theado |first=Matt |title=The Beats: A Literary Reference |date=2003 |publisher=Carroll & Graf |location=New York}}

{{Sister project links |wikt=no |commons=Category:Lawrence Ferlinghetti |b= no|n= no|q= Lawrence Ferlinghetti |s= no|v=no |voy= no|species= no|d= no|mw=no |display=Lawrence Ferlinghetti }}

• [https://www.archivioconz.com/collection/artists/lawrence-ferlinghetti/ Archivio Conz]
• {{IMDb name|0272732}}
• {{Cite web |title=Guide to the Lawrence Ferlinghetti Papers |url=http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf5p3004sf}} at The Bancroft Library
• {{Cite web |title=Lawrence Ferlinghetti at Literary Kicks |date = August 18, 1994|url=http://www.litkicks.com/BeatPages/page.jsp?what=LawrenceFerlinghetti}}
• {{Cite web |title=Lawrence Ferlinghetti at American Poetry |url=http://www.americanpoems.com/poets/Lawrence-Ferlinghetti}}
• {{Cite web |title=Amy Goodman Interview (Transcript and streaming media) |website=Democracy Now!|url=http://www.democracynow.org/2007/12/24/legendary_beat_generation_bookseller_and_poet}}
• {{Cite web |date=May 2013 |title=Interview Magazine, Lawrence Ferlinghetti, by Christopher Bollen |url=http://www.interviewmagazine.com/culture/lawrence-ferlinghetti#_}}
• {{Cite web |title=1978 audio interview Lawrence Ferlinghetti with Stephen Banker |date=January 7, 2015 |via=YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W7Tx0hrryCI}}
• [https://findingaids.library.columbia.edu/ead/nnc-rb/ldpd_4078753 Finding aid to Lawrence Ferlinghetti papers at Columbia University. Rare Book & Manuscript Library.]
• "[https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2021/02/25/how-san-francisco-bookstore-owner-made-america-freer-braver-more-interesting/ How a San Francisco bookstore owner made America freer, braver and more interesting]," The Washington Post, Feb. 25, 2021.

{{Poets in The New American Poetry 1945–1960}}

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