Lazar Bohsha

{{Short description|Goldsmith from Polotsk (fl. 12th century)}}

File:Stemp Efrasinia Polackaja.jpg by Lazar Bohsha (1992)]]

Lazar Bohsha ({{langx|be|Лазар Богша}}; {{fl|12th century}}) was a goldsmith whom Euphrosyne of Polotsk (a princess of the Principality of Polotsk){{cite web |title=Преподобная Евфросиния Полоцкая |url=http://www.blagobor.by/article/saint/evfrosinia}} commissioned to make a precious communion cross for the {{illm|Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Saviour|be|Спаса-Ефрасіннеўскі манастыр|ru|Спасо-Евфросиниевский монастырь}} in 1161.{{cite web |title=Лазарь Богша. Крест Евфросинии Полоцкой (1161 г.) |url=http://www.blagobor.by/article/history/bogsha}} The cross became a revered Belarusian relic known as the Cross of Saint Euphrosyne. {{cite web |title=Копия креста Евфросинии Полоцкой появится в Могилеве |url=https://gomel.today/people/Лазарь%20Богша}}{{cite web |title=Ten centuries and one exhibition |url=https://artbelarus.by/en/news/252.html.}} Lazar engraved his name on the backside of the cross, thus making it known to the descendants.

It is extremely rare for an artwork of this era to bear any indication of the exact date of its creation as well as the artist's name. A number of anonymous art pieces of the same period made in a similar artistic technique are attributed to Lazar Bohsha and are considered to be the best examples of enamel art of Ancient Rus. Preserved art pieces of the same technique but of a later period are attributed to Lazar's students. {{cite book |last1=Игошев |first1=В. В. |title=Богша Лазарь // Православная энциклопедия |date=2002 |isbn=5-89572-010-2 |page=559}}

By origin, Lazar was a descendant from the Western Slavs (specifically, South-Western Rus').{{Cite book|last=Тихомиров|first=М. Н.|title=Древнерусские города|publisher=|year=1946|isbn=|location=M.|pages=85}}{{Cite book|last=Толстой|first=И|title=Русские древности в памятниках искусства|last2=Кондаков|first2=Н|publisher=|year=1899|isbn=|location=СПб|pages=170}} Lazar is his christening name, while Bohsha is an abbreviation of his pagan name Boguslav, which was a popular name among Western Slavs in the 12th century. There is no information about where he learned the enameling art. It is believed to be either Byzantine or Georgia (which was the first country to adopt this art form from Byzantine). It is assumed that Lazar learned the art when he was young and worked on this technique all his life.{{cite journal |last1=Алексеев |first1=Л.В. |title=Мастер-эмальер Лазарь Богша // Крест — хранитель всея Вселенныя : История создания и воссоздания креста преподобной Евфросинии, игумении Полоцкой |journal=Вестник Белорусского экзархата |date=1996 |page=126 |location=Minsk |language=Ru}}{{cite journal |last1=Алексеев |first1=Л.В. |title=Лазарь Богша |journal=мастер-ювелир XII в. // СА. |date=1957 |volume=3 |language=ru}}

File:Хрест_ЄП.gif (coin on National Bank of the Republic of Belarus, 2007) }}]]