Lead-DBS

{{Infobox software

| name = Lead-DBS

| logo =

| screenshot = Deep brain stimulation electrode placement reconstruction.png

| caption = Sample Lead-DBS session.

| operating_system = Cross-platform

| author = Andreas Horn

| developer = Mass General Brigham

| genre = Neuroimaging data analysis

| license = GPL

| website = {{URL|http://www.lead-dbs.org/}}

}}

File:Deep brain stimulation in a Parkinson's Disease patient.png

Lead-DBS is an open-source toolbox for reconstructions and modeling of Deep Brain Stimulation electrodes based on pre- and postoperative MRI & CT imaging.

Lead-DBS is available as a MATLAB toolbox or standalone binary for Windows, OS X and Linux. Besides MATLAB code, it contains a miniforge Python environment, as well as code modules that were compiled from Fortran and C. Parts of its code build upon other open-source tools available to the neuroimaging community, such as SPM, FSL, 3DSlicer, OSS-DBS, FreeSurfer, FieldTrip or Advanced Normalization tools. Lead-DBS was originally developed at the Charité Berlin beginning in 2012 by Andreas Horn and has been freely available for research use under the GNU General Public License since 2014.{{Cite journal |last1=Horn |first1=Andreas |last2=Kühn |first2=Andrea A. |date=February 2015 |title=Lead-DBS: A toolbox for deep brain stimulation electrode localizations and visualizations |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1053811914009938 |journal=NeuroImage |language=en |volume=107 |pages=127–135 |doi=10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.12.002|pmid=25498389 |url-access=subscription }} Since then, the toolbox has grown into an open-source project from an active development and user base at numerous institutions such as Mass General Brigham / Harvard Medical School, University of Cologne, University of Luxembourg and University of Melbourne. According to the toolbox website, the software has been downloaded over 65,000 times and has been used in over 500 scientific publications.{{Cite web |title=Publications – Lead-DBS |url=https://www.lead-dbs.org/about/publications/ |access-date=2024-08-11 |website=www.lead-dbs.org |language=en-US}} Funding for continued development included an Emmy Noether award by the German Research Foundation{{Cite web |title=DFG - GEPRIS - In Richtung netzwerkbasierter Hirnstimulation |url=https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/410169619?context=projekt&task=showDetail&id=410169619& |access-date=2024-08-11 |website=gepris.dfg.de}} as well as an R01 grant by the National Institute of Mental Health.{{Cite web |title=RePORT ⟩ RePORTER |url=https://reporter.nih.gov/search/PnhyWHKHIUOe8lNufh5yTA/project-details/10503354 |access-date=2024-08-11 |website=reporter.nih.gov}} Since 2014, Lead-DBS has been extended by the group analysis module Lead Group,{{Cite journal |last1=Treu |first1=Svenja |last2=Strange |first2=Bryan |last3=Oxenford |first3=Simon |last4=Neumann |first4=Wolf-Julian |last5=Kühn |first5=Andrea |last6=Li |first6=Ningfei |last7=Horn |first7=Andreas |date=October 2020 |title=Deep brain stimulation: Imaging on a group level |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1053811920305048 |journal=NeuroImage |language=en |volume=219 |pages=117018 |doi=10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117018|pmid=32505698 |doi-access=free }} the connectome processing tools Lead Connectome and Lead Mapper, the intraoperative module Lead-OR,{{Cite journal |last1=Oxenford |first1=Simón |last2=Roediger |first2=Jan |last3=Neudorfer |first3=Clemens |last4=Milosevic |first4=Luka |last5=Güttler |first5=Christopher |last6=Spindler |first6=Philipp |last7=Vajkoczy |first7=Peter |last8=Neumann |first8=Wolf-Julian |last9=Kühn |first9=Andrea |last10=Horn |first10=Andreas |date=2022-05-20 |title=Lead-OR: A multimodal platform for deep brain stimulation surgery |journal=eLife |language=en |volume=11 |doi=10.7554/eLife.72929 |doi-access=free |issn=2050-084X |pmc=9177150 |pmid=35594135}} as well as an interface with the biophysical modeling toolbox OSS-DBS.{{Cite journal |last1=Butenko |first1=Konstantin |last2=Bahls |first2=Christian |last3=Schröder |first3=Max |last4=Köhling |first4=Rüdiger |last5=van Rienen |first5=Ursula |date=2020-07-06 |editor-last=Marinazzo |editor-first=Daniele |title=OSS-DBS: Open-source simulation platform for deep brain stimulation with a comprehensive automated modeling |journal=PLOS Computational Biology |language=en |volume=16 |issue=7 |pages=e1008023 |doi=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008023 |doi-access=free |issn=1553-7358 |pmc=7384674 |pmid=32628719|bibcode=2020PLSCB..16E8023B }} In 2018 and 2023, scientific articles describing versions 2{{Cite journal |last1=Horn |first1=Andreas |last2=Li |first2=Ningfei |last3=Dembek |first3=Till A. |last4=Kappel |first4=Ari |last5=Boulay |first5=Chadwick |last6=Ewert |first6=Siobhan |last7=Tietze |first7=Anna |last8=Husch |first8=Andreas |last9=Perera |first9=Thushara |last10=Neumann |first10=Wolf-Julian |last11=Reisert |first11=Marco |last12=Si |first12=Hang |last13=Oostenveld |first13=Robert |last14=Rorden |first14=Christopher |last15=Yeh |first15=Fang-Cheng |date=January 2019 |title=Lead-DBS v2: Towards a comprehensive pipeline for deep brain stimulation imaging |journal=NeuroImage |language=en |volume=184 |pages=293–316 |doi=10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.08.068 |pmc=6286150 |pmid=30179717}} and 3{{Cite journal |last1=Neudorfer |first1=Clemens |last2=Butenko |first2=Konstantin |last3=Oxenford |first3=Simon |last4=Rajamani |first4=Nanditha |last5=Achtzehn |first5=Johannes |last6=Goede |first6=Lukas |last7=Hollunder |first7=Barbara |last8=Ríos |first8=Ana Sofía |last9=Hart |first9=Lauren |last10=Tasserie |first10=Jordy |last11=Fernando |first11=Kavisha B. |last12=Nguyen |first12=T. A. Khoa |last13=Al-Fatly |first13=Bassam |last14=Vissani |first14=Matteo |last15=Fox |first15=Michael |date=March 2023 |title=Lead-DBS v3.0: Mapping deep brain stimulation effects to local anatomy and global networks |journal=NeuroImage |language=en |volume=268 |pages=119862 |doi=10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.119862 |pmc=10144063 |pmid=36610682}} of the software have been published, respectively.