Leaderism

{{short description|Political term}}

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The Russian political term leaderism ({{langx|ru|вождизм}}, vozhdism) means "a policy directed at the affirmation/confirmation of one person in the role of an indisputable or infallible leader".Viktor Ruchkin. S I Ozhegov, Slovar’ Russkogo Yazyka, Moscow 1978 via [http://www.da.mod.uk/colleges/arag/document-listings/caucasus/09(02)CWB.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303193511/http://www.da.mod.uk/colleges/arag/document-listings/caucasus/09(02)CWB.pdf|date=2016-03-03}} Manifestations of vozhdism include clientelism, nepotism, tribalism, and messianism.[http://mirslovarei.com/content_pol/VOZHDIZM-1394.html Вождизм] article on Mir Slovarey site {{in lang|ru}}

Forms of leaderism include Italian fascism, Führerprinzip, Stalinism, Maoism, and Juche. According to Nikolai Berdyaev (1874–1948), Leninism represented a new type of leaderism, featuring a leader of masses having dictatorship powers, while Joseph Stalin as vozhd exemplifies an ultimate type of such a supreme leader.{{cite web | url = http://www.magister.msk.ru/library/philos/berdyaev/berdn015.htm| script-title = ru:Истоки и смысл русского коммунизма| last1 = Berdyaev| first1 = Nikolai| title = IPage| author-link1 = Nikolai Berdyaev| language = Russian| trans-title = The origins and meaning of Russian communism| access-date = 2016-01-25| quote = Сталин уже вождь-диктатор в современном, фашистском смысле.| archive-date = 2016-08-09| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160809141243/http://www.magister.msk.ru/library/philos/berdyaev/berdn015.htm| url-status = dead}}

In Marxist–Leninist phraseology, leaderism is a pejorative, in opposition to the officially proclaimed "principle of collective leadership".Slobodan Stanković , "The End of the Tito Era: Yugoslavia's Dilemmas", 1981, [https://books.google.com/books?id=jTa4AAAAIAAJ&q=leaderism p. 59]{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ti3WAAAAIAAJ&q=leaderism|title=The Economist|year=1979}}{{cite book| last1= Fitzpatrick| first1= Sheila| author-link1= Sheila Fitzpatrick| title= Everyday Stalinism: ordinary life in extraordinary times: Soviet Russia in the 1930s| date = 4 March 1999| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=QS6IlPQf6owC| publisher= Oxford University Press, USA| publication-date= 1999| page= 30| isbn= 9780195050004| accessdate= 2016-01-24| quote= Sometimes local personality cults were attributed to the backwardness of the population and 'leaderism' was treated as an ethnic disease.}} As representative types of leaderist societies, some modern Russian authors argue include the regimes of Islamic leaders,[http://psyfactor.org/lib/lider6.htm Вожди и лидеры. Вождизм] by Dmitry Olshansky {{in lang|ru}} and Vladimir Putin.

[http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=1101143 Путин играет мускулами и добивается нового мирового порядка] Kommersant 19 January 2009 {{in lang|ru}}