Lecture recording

Hardware is used to capture the lecturer's voice along with the video of the lecturer. Sometimes, the lecturer may use visual aids to support their speech, such as slide shows, which are presented to the audience with some kind of projector. In this case, such slide shows can also be recorded. Once captured, the data is then either stored directly on the capture hardware or sent to a server over a LAN or the Internet. After some processing to adapt the video formats to the desired distribution mechanism, codecs, etc., viewers are then able to remotely access the recording, either in live stream or video on demand.

The recording of a lecture or presentation may use any combination of the following tools: Microphone, Camera, Screen capture, Presentation capture, or Document camera.

File:UCT Leslie Social Science lecture theatre class.JPG

Software is used both on the capture hardware, the viewer's computer, and the production server. Software ranges from simple web browsers and video players to stand-alone software programs made specifically for viewing lectures. The viewer's as well as the presenter's software must be compatible with the software on the server which receives the content from the capture hardware, produces it, and sends it to the viewer's computer on-demand.Multimedia Capture and Support, Technology Services Group, https://agora.cs.illinois.edu/display/tsg/Multimedia+Capture+and+Support {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100717231912/https://agora.cs.illinois.edu/display/tsg/Multimedia+Capture+and+Support |date=2010-07-17 }} [http://www.opencast.org/ OpenCast] is an open-source video capture system available in higher education.

Modern lecture recording software supports advanced features such as indexing through OCR, instant search, real-time video editing and annotation, along with other advanced features.http://www.acu.edu.au/staff/services/it_support/help/user_guides/echo360/{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

Lecture recording has been used in the flipped classroom learning model as a means to provide materials outside of traditional lectures or seminars. Students are able to self-study by playing back and interacting with recorded lectures.{{fact|date=November 2020}}

Some educational institutions use lecture recording as a means to replace the traditional classroom with an online classroom. Lecture recording can also be used to create reference materials as a supplementary resource.{{Cite web| title = 7 things you should know about...Lecture Capture| publisher = Educause Learning Initiative| date = December 2008| url = http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ELI7044.pdf| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090223154125/http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ELI7044.pdf| url-status = dead| archive-date = 2009-02-23| accessdate = 4 October 2011}} Lecture recording is not always welcomed by university faculty.{{Cite journal|last1=O’Callaghan|first1=Frances V.|last2=Neumann|first2=David L.|last3=Jones|first3=Liz|last4=Creed|first4=Peter A.|date=2015-12-04|title=The use of lecture recordings in higher education: A review of institutional, student, and lecturer issues|journal=Education and Information Technologies|volume=22|language=en|pages=399–415|doi=10.1007/s10639-015-9451-z|issn=1360-2357|hdl=10072/101881|s2cid=11961478|hdl-access=free}} Faculty attitudes to this kind of technology enhanced learning may vary across disciplines.{{Cite journal|last1=Dona|first1=Kulari Lokuge|last2=Gregory|first2=Janet|last3=Pechenkina|first3=Ekaterina|date=2016-07-20|title= Lecture-recording technology in higher education: Exploring lecturer and student views across the disciplines|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305441476|journal= Australasian Journal of Educational Technology|issn=1449-5554|doi=10.14742/ajet.3068|doi-access=free}} Student research has found that more students than staff expect lecture recording to be beneficial to learning. In the most part students watch lectures for pragmatic reasons rather than lecture quality.{{Cite journal|last1=Danielson|first1=Jared|last2=Preast|first2=Vanessa|last3=Bender|first3=Holly|last4=Hassall|first4=Lesya|date=2014-03-01|title=Is the effectiveness of lecture capture related to teaching approach or content type?|journal=Computers & Education|volume=72|pages=121–131|doi=10.1016/j.compedu.2013.10.016|doi-access=free}} Students do not view recorded lectures as a replacement for attending live lectures, and often continue to attend face to face sessions.{{Cite web|url=http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/50929/1/Karnad_Student_use_recorded_2013_author.pdf|title=Student use of recorded lectures - LSE Research Online|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=LSE|access-date=November 12, 2016}} Students who use recorded lectures as a supplement sometimes score significantly higher in subsequent assessment.{{Cite journal|last1=Bos|first1=Nynke|last2=Groeneveld|first2=Caspar|last3=van Bruggen|first3=Jan|last4=Brand-Gruwel|first4=Saskia|date=2016-09-01|title=The use of recorded lectures in education and the impact on lecture attendance and exam performance|journal=British Journal of Educational Technology|language=en|volume=47|issue=5|pages=906–917|doi=10.1111/bjet.12300|issn=1467-8535|hdl=1820/8900}}

Some firms may also use lecture recordings as advertising, collaboration, or training materials.{{Cite web| title = Panopto.com| url = http://www.panopto.com| accessdate = 4 October 2011}}

In addition, lecture capture technology may offer compliance, for example with United States legislation such as Section 508 for students with disabilities. In the United Kingdom, under the Equality Act 2010, universities should provide reasonable adjustments. Providing access to lecture recordings may be considered to be such a reasonable adjustment.{{Cite web|url=https://www.shef.ac.uk/lets/pp/support/lectrecord|title=Lecture Recording - Student Support Policies - Processes and Policies - LeTS - The University of Sheffield|last=Sheffield|first=University of|website=www.shef.ac.uk|access-date=2016-11-12}}

Lecture captures are becoming increasingly popular. Many institutions including the University of Manchester, University of Glasgow, University of Bristol and Loughborough University provide guidelines for recording and presentation of lectures which would be useful for learning{{Cite web|url=http://www.tlso.manchester.ac.uk/map/teachinglearningassessment/learning/recordinglecturespolicy/|title=Recording Lectures Policy (The University of Manchester)|website=www.tlso.manchester.ac.uk|access-date=2016-11-12}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.bristol.ac.uk/media-library/sites/secretary/documents/student-rules-and-regs/recording-educational-activities-policy.pdf|title=Policy for Recording Educational Activities 2016/17|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=University of Bristol|access-date=November 12, 2016}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.lboro.ac.uk/media/wwwlboroacuk/content/teachingsupport/downloads/Loughborough%20University%20Lecture%20Capture%20Policy%20Jan%202015.pdf|title=Loughborough University Lecture Capture Policy|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=University of Loughborough|access-date=November 12, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329163101/http://www.lboro.ac.uk/media/wwwlboroacuk/content/teachingsupport/downloads/Loughborough%20University%20Lecture%20Capture%20Policy%20Jan%202015.pdf|archive-date=March 29, 2017|url-status=dead}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.gla.ac.uk/media/media_359179_en.pdf|title=University of Glasgow Lecture Recording Policy|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=University of Glasgow|access-date=November 12, 2016}}{{Cite web|url=http://as.exeter.ac.uk/recap/lcp/|title=University of Exeter|last=Robinson|first=Debbie|website=as.exeter.ac.uk|access-date=2016-11-12}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.shef.ac.uk/lets/pp/support/lectrecord|title=Lecture Recording - Student Support Policies - Processes and Policies - LeTS - The University of Sheffield|last=Sheffield|first=University of|website=www.shef.ac.uk|access-date=2016-11-12}} and there is a growing literature that considers the benefits of lecture capture to students and tutors, as well as the extent of student usage of lecture recordings.{{Cite journal|last1=Elliott|first1=Caroline|last2=Neal|first2=David|date=2016-04-01|title=Evaluating the use of lecture capture using a revealed preference approach|journal=Active Learning in Higher Education|volume=17|issue=2|language=en|pages=153–167|doi=10.1177/1469787416637463|s2cid=2874274|issn=1469-7874|url=http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/24540/1/ElliottEval.pdf}} Research at Cornell University found increased flexibility for students and faculty.{{Cite web|url=http://videohelp.cit.cornell.edu/files/2013/01/LectureCaptureTechnology-2i2y0fl.pdf|title=About Lecture Capture|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=Cornell University|access-date=November 12, 2016}}

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Category:Educational technology

Category:E-learning

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