Leeuwenhoek Lecture
{{Short description|Prize lecture of the UK's Royal Society}}
{{Infobox award
| name = Leeuwenhoek Lecture and Medal
| image = File:Anthonie_van_Leeuwenhoek_(1632-1723)._Natuurkundige_te_Delft_Rijksmuseum_SK-A-957.jpeg
| caption = The Leeuwenhoek Lecture and Medal is named in honour of the scientist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723)
| awarded_for = Recognising excellence in the field of microbiology, bacteriology, virology, mycology and parasitology, and microscopy
| presenter = Royal Society
| location = London
| reward = £2000 and Medal
| website = {{URL|https://royalsociety.org/grants-schemes-awards/awards/leeuwenhoek-lecture/}}
}}
The Leeuwenhoek Lecture is a prize lecture of the Royal Society to recognize achievement in microbiology.{{cite web|url=https://royalsociety.org/grants-schemes-awards/awards/leeuwenhoek-lecture/ |access-date=19 January 2018 |title=Leeuwenhoek Medal and Lecture |publisher=The Royal Society}} The prize was originally given in 1950 and awarded annually, but from 2006 to 2018 was given triennially. From 2018 it will be awarded biennially.
The prize is named after the Dutch microscopist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek and was instituted in 1948 from a bequest from George Gabb. A gift of £2000 is associated with the lecture.
Leeuwenhoek Lecturers
The following is a list of Leeuwenhoek Lecture award winners along with the title of their lecture:{{cite web|url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1dsunM9ukGLgaW3HdG9cvJ_QKd7pWjGI0qi_fCb1ROD4/pubhtml?gid=2132780320&single=true |access-date=19 January 2018 |title=Award winners: Leeuwenhoek Lecture |publisher=The Royal Society}}
=21st Century=
- 2024 Joanne Webster, for her achievements in advancing control of disease in humans and animals caused by parasites in Asia and Africa
- 2022 Sjors Scheres, for ground-breaking contributions and innovations in image analysis and reconstruction methods in electron cryo-microscopy, enabling the structure determination of complex macromolecules of fundamental biological and medical importance to atomic resolution
- 2020 Geoffrey L. Smith, for his studies of poxviruses which has had major impact in wider areas, notably vaccine development, biotechnology, host-pathogen interactions and innate immunity {{cite web|url=https://royalsociety.org/grants-schemes-awards/awards/leeuwenhoek-lecture/|title=Leeuwenhoek Medal and Lecture winner 2020|publisher=Royal Society|access-date=5 October 2019}}
- 2018 Sarah Cleaveland, Can we make rabies history? Realising the value of research for the global elimination of rabies{{cite journal|last1=Cleaveland|first1=Sarah|last2=Hampson|first2=Katie|title=Rabies elimination research: juxtaposing optimism, pragmatism and realism|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|volume=284|issue=1869|year=2017|pages=20171880|issn=0962-8452|doi=10.1098/rspb.2017.1880|pmid= 29263285 |pmc=5745407 }}{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cK5eOqfzB0c |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/cK5eOqfzB0c |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=Can we make rabies history? Realising the value of research for the global elimination of rabies|last=The Royal Society|date=20 April 2018|access-date=24 June 2019|publisher=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}{{cite web|url=https://royalsociety.org/science-events-and-lectures/2018/04/leeuwenhoek-lecture/|title=Can we make rabies history? Realising the value of research for the global elimination of rabies. - Royal Society|website=Royalsociety.org|access-date=24 June 2019}}
- 2015 Jeffrey Errington, for his seminal discoveries in relation to the cell cycle and cell morphogenesis in bacteria
- 2012 Brad Amos, How new science is transforming the optical microscope
- 2010 Robert Gordon Webster, Pandemic Influenza: one flu over the cuckoo's nest
- 2006 Richard Anthony Crowther, Microscopy goes cold: frozen viruses reveal their structural secrets.{{cite journal| author=Crowther RA| title=The Leeuwenhoek lecture 2006. Microscopy goes cold: frozen viruses reveal their structural secrets|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society | year= 2008 | volume= 363 | issue= 1502 | pages= 2441–51 | pmid=17690055 | doi=10.1098/rstb.2007.2150 | pmc=2606804 }}
- 2005 Keith Chater, Streptomyces inside out: a new perspective on the bacteria that provide us with antibiotics.
- 2004 David Sherratt, A bugs life
- 2003 Brian Spratt, Bacterial populations and bacterial disease
- 2002 Stephen West, DNA repair from microbes to man
- 2001 Robin Weiss, From Pan to pandemic: animal to human infections{{cite journal| author=Weiss RA| title=The Leeuwenhoek Lecture 2001. Animal origins of human infectious disease|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society | year= 2001 | volume= 356 | issue= 1410 | pages= 957–77 | pmid=11405946 | doi=10.1098/rstb.2001.0838 | pmc=1088492 }}
=20th Century=
- 2000 Howard Dalton, The natural and unnatural history of methane-oxidising bacteria{{cite journal| author=Dalton H| title=The Leeuwenhoek Lecture 2000 the natural and unnatural history of methane-oxidizing bacteria|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society | year= 2005 | volume= 360 | issue= 1458 | pages= 1207–22 | pmid=16147517 | doi=10.1098/rstb.2005.1657 | pmc=1569495 }}
- 1999 Peter C. Doherty, Killer T cells and virus infections
- 1998 George A.M. Cross, The genetics and cell biology of antigenic variation in trypanosomes
- 1997 Peter Biggs, Mareks disease, tumours and prevention{{cite journal| author=Biggs PM| title=The Leeuwenhoek Lecture, 1997. Marek's disease herpesvirus: oncogenesis and prevention|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society | year= 1997 | volume= 352 | issue= 1364 | pages= 1951–62 | pmid=9451743 | doi=10.1098/rstb.1997.0181 | pmc=1692167 | bibcode=1997RSPTB.352.1951B}}
- 1996 Julian Davies, Microbial molecular diversity - function, evolution and applications
- 1995 John Guest, Adaptation to life without oxygen{{cite journal| author=Guest JR| title=The Leeuwenhoek Lecture, 1995. Adaptation to life without oxygen|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society | year= 1995 | volume= 350 | issue= 1332 | pages= 189–202 | pmid=8577859 | doi=10.1098/rstb.1995.0152 | bibcode=1995RSPTB.350..189G}}
- 1994 Keith Vickerman, The opportunistic parasite
- 1993 Fred Brown, Peptide vaccines, dream or reality.{{cite journal| author=Brown F| title=The Leeuwenhoek Lecture, 1993. Peptide vaccines: dream or reality? | journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society | year= 1994 | volume= 344 | issue= 1308 | pages= 213–9 | pmid=7521966 | doi=10.1098/rstb.1994.0062 }}
- 1992 John Postgate, Bacterial evolution and the nitrogen-fixing plant
- 1991 Harry Smith, The influence of the host on microbes that cause disease{{cite journal| author=Smith H| title=The Leeuwenhoek Lecture, 1991. The influence of the host on microbes that cause disease|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society | year= 1991 | volume= 246 | issue= 1316 | pages= 97–105 | pmid=1685245 | doi=10.1098/rspb.1991.0130 | bibcode=1991RSPSB.246...97S}}
- 1990 John Skehel, How enveloped viruses enter cells
- 1989 Piet Borst, Antigenic variation in African trypanosomes
- 1988 Alfred Rupert Hall, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) and Anglo-Dutch collaboration
- 1987 David Alan Hopwood, Towards an understanding of gene switching in streptomyces, the basis of sporulation and antibiotic production{{cite journal| author=Hopwood DA| title=The Leeuwenhoek lecture, 1987. Towards an understanding of gene switching in Streptomyces, the basis of sporulation and antibiotic production|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society | year= 1988 | volume= 235 | issue= 1279 | pages= 121–38 | pmid=2907142 | doi=10.1098/rspb.1988.0067 | bibcode=1988RSPSB.235..121H}}
- 1986 William Fleming Hoggan Jarrett, Environmental carcinogens and paillomaviruses in the pathogenesis of cancer.{{cite journal| author=Jarrett WF| title=The Leeuwenhoek lecture, 1986. Environmental carcinogens and papillomaviruses in the pathogenesis of cancer|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society | year= 1987 | volume= 231 | issue= 1262 | pages= 1–11 | pmid=2888116 | doi=10.1098/rspb.1987.0031 | bibcode=1987RSPSB.231....1J}}
- 1985 Kenneth Murray, A molecular biologist's view of viral hepatitis{{cite journal| author=Murray K| title=The Leeuwenhoek lecture, 1985. A molecular biologist's view of viral hepatitis|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society | year= 1987 | volume= 230 | issue= 1259 | pages= 107–46 | pmid=2884666 | doi=10.1098/rspb.1987.0013 | bibcode=1987RSPSB.230..107M}}
- 1984 William Duncan Paterson Stewart, The functional organisation of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria.
- 1983 Michael Anthony Epstein, A prototype vaccine to prevent Epstein-Barr (E.B.) virus-associated tumours.{{cite journal| author=Epstein MA| title=The Leeuwenhoek lecture, 1983. A prototype vaccine to prevent Epstein-Barr virus-associated tumours | journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society | year= 1984 | volume= 221 | issue= 1222 | pages= 1–20 | pmid=6144103 | doi=10.1098/rspb.1984.0019 | bibcode=1984RSPSB.221....1E }}
- 1982 Hamao Umezawa, Studies of microbial products in rising to the challenge of curing cancer{{cite journal| author=Umezawa H| title=The Leeuwenhoek lecture, 1982. Studies of microbial products in rising to the challenge of curing cancer | journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society | year= 1983 | volume= 217 | issue= 1209 | pages= 357–76 | pmid=6190183 | doi=10.1098/rspb.1983.0015 | bibcode=1983RSPSB.217..357U }}
- 1981 Frank William Ernest Gibson, The biochemical and genetic approach to the study of bioenergetics with the use of Escherichia coli: progress and prospects.{{cite journal| author=Gibson F| title=The Leeuwenhoek Lecture, 1981. The biochemical and genetic approach to the study of bioenergetics with the use of Escherichia coli: progress and prospects|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society | year= 1982 | volume= 215 | issue= 1198 | pages= 1–18 | pmid=6127694 | doi=10.1098/rspb.1982.0025 | bibcode=1982RSPSB.215....1G}}
- 1980 David Arthur John Tyrrell, Is it a virus?{{cite journal| author=Tyrrell DA| title=The Leeuwenhoek Lecture, 1980. Is it a virus? | journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society | year= 1981 | volume= 212 | issue= 1186 | pages= 35–51 | pmid=6115389 | doi=10.1098/rspb.1981.0023 | bibcode=1981RSPSB.212...35T }}
- 1979 Patricia Hannah Clarke, Experiments in microbial evolution: new enzymes, new metabolic activities.
- 1978 Hugh John Forster Cairns, Bacteria as proper subjects for cancer research.{{cite journal| author=Cairns J| title=The Leeuwenhoek Lecture, 1978. Bacteria as proper subjects for cancer research|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society | year= 1980 | volume= 208 | issue= 1171 | pages= 121–33 | pmid=6105653 | doi=10.1098/rspb.1980.0046 | bibcode=1980RSPSB.208..121C}}
- 1977 Francois Jacob, Mouse teratocarcinoma and mouse embryo.{{cite journal| author=Jacob F| title=The Leeuwenhoek Lecture, 1977. Mouse teratocarcinoma and mouse embryo|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society | year= 1978 | volume= 201 | issue= 1144 | pages= 249–70 | pmid=27802 | doi=10.1098/rspb.1978.0044 | bibcode=1978RSPSB.201..249J}}
- 1976 Geoffrey Herbert Beale, The varied contributions of protozoa to genetical knowledge{{cite journal| author=Beale GH| title=The Leeuwenhoek lecture, 1976: protozoa and genetics|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society | year= 1977 | volume= 196 | issue= 1122 | pages= 13–27 | pmid=15271 | doi=10.1098/rspb.1977.0026 | bibcode=1977RSPSB.196...13B}}
- 1975 Joel Mandelstam, Bacterial sporulation: a problem in the biochemistry and genetics of a primitive development system.{{cite journal| author=Mandelstam J| title=The Leeuwenhoek lecture, 1975: bacterial sporulation: a problem in the biochemistry and genetics of a primitive developmental system|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society | year= 1976 | volume= 193 | issue= 1111 | pages= 89–106 | pmid=5735 | doi=10.1098/rspb.1976.0033 | bibcode=1976RSPSB.193...89M}}
- 1974 Renato Dulbecco, The control of cell growth regulation by tumour-inducing viruses: a challenging problem.
- 1973 Aaron Klug, The structure and assembly of regular viruses
- 1972 Hans Leo Kornberg, Carbohydrate transport by micro-organisms
- 1971 Michael George Parke Stoker, Tumour viruses and the sociology of fibroblasts{{cite journal| author=Stoker MG| title=The Leeuwenhoek lecture, 1971. Tumour viruses and the sociology of fibroblasts|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society | year= 1972 | volume= 181 | issue= 1062 | pages= 1–17 | pmid=4402333 | doi=10.1098/rspb.1972.0038 | bibcode=1972RSPSB.181....1S}}
- 1970 Philip Herries Gregory, Airborne microbes: their significance and distribution
- 1969 Jacques Lucien Monod, Cellular and molecular cybernetics.
- 1968 Gordon Elliott Fogg, The physiology of an algal nuisance
- 1967 James Baddiley, Teichoic acids and the molecular structure of bacterial walls{{cite journal| author=Baddiley J| title=The Leeuwenhoek lecture, 1967. Teichoic acids and the molecular structure of bacterial walls|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society | year= 1968 | volume= 170 | issue= 1021 | pages= 331–48 | pmid=4385583 | doi=10.1098/rspb.1968.0043 | bibcode=1968RSPSB.170..331B}}
- 1966 Percy Wragg Brian, Obligate parasitism in fungi{{cite journal|last=Brian |first=P.W.|title=The Leeuwenhoek Lecture, 1966 - Obligate parasitism in fungi|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences|volume=168|issue=1011|year=1967|pages=101–118|issn=2053-9193|doi=10.1098/rspb.1967.0054|pmid=4384051|bibcode=1967RSPSB.168..101B}}
- 1965 William Hayes, Some controversial aspects of bacterial sexuality{{cite journal| author=Hayes W| title=The Leeuwenhoek lecture, 1965. Some controversial aspects of bacterial sexuality|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society | year= 1966 | volume= 165 | issue= 998 | pages= 1–19 | pmid=4380148 | doi=10.1098/rspb.1966.0055 | bibcode=1966RSPSB.165....1H}}
- 1964 Donald Devereux Woods, A pattern of research with two bacterial growth factors
- 1963 Norman Wingate Pirie, The size of small organisms
- 1962 Guido Pontecorvo, Microbial genetics: achievements and prospects{{cite journal|first=Guido|last=Pontecorvo|title=The Leeuwenhoek Lecture - Microbial genetics: retrospect and prospect|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences|volume=158|issue=970|year=1963|pages=1–23|issn=2053-9193|doi=10.1098/rspb.1963.0031|bibcode=1963RSPSB.158....1P}}
- 1961 Frank John Fenner, Interactions between poxviruses
- 1960 Andre Michel Lwoff, Viral functions
- 1959 Frederick Charles Bawden, Viruses: retrospect and prospect
- 1958 David Keilin, The problem of anabiosis or latent life: history and current concepts{{cite journal|first=David|last=Keilin|title=The Leeuwenhoek Lecture - The problem of anabiosis or latent life: history and current concept|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences|volume=150|issue=939|year=1959|pages=149–191|issn=2053-9193|doi=10.1098/rspb.1959.0013|bibcode=1959RSPSB.150..149K}}
- 1957 Wilson Smith, Virus-host cell interactions
- 1956 Ernest Frederick Gale, The biochemical organization of the bacterial cell
- 1955 Henry Gerard Thornton, The ecology of micro-organisms in soil.
- 1954 Juda Hirsch Quastel, Soil metabolism
- 1953 Kenneth Manley Smith, Some aspects of the behaviour of certain viruses in their hosts and of their development in the cell.
- 1952 Albert Jan Kluyver, The changing appraisal of the microbe
- 1951 Christopher Howard Andrewes, The place of viruses in nature{{cite journal|title=Leeuwenhoek Lecture - The place of viruses in nature|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences|volume=139|issue=896|year=1952|pages=313–326|issn=2053-9193|doi=10.1098/rspb.1952.0015|bibcode=1952RSPSB.139..313A|last1=Andrewes|first1=C. H.}}
- 1950 Paul Gordon Fildes, The development of microbiology.{{cite journal| author=Fildes P| title=Leeuwenhoek lecture; the evolution of microbiology|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society | year= 1951 | volume= 138 | issue= 890 | pages= 65–74 | pmid=14827867 | doi= 10.1098/rspb.1951.0005| bibcode=1951RSPSB.138...65F}}