Legal Adviser of the Department of State

{{Infobox Political post

| post = Legal Adviser of the
United States Department of State

| body =

| insignia = US Department of State official seal.svg

| insigniasize = 120

| insigniacaption = Seal of the United States Department of State

| image = Senior Bureau Official of the Office of the Legal Adviser Joshua Simmons.jpg

| incumbent = Joshua Simmons (acting)

| acting = yes

| incumbentsince = March 29, 2025https://www.state.gov/biographies/joshua-simmons/

| style =

| residence =

| termlength =

| reports_to = United States Secretary of State

| formation = 1931

| inaugural = Green Hackworth

| website = [https://www.state.gov/bureaus-offices/bureaus-and-offices-reporting-directly-to-the-secretary/office-of-the-legal-adviser/ Official Website]

}}

The Legal Adviser of the Department of State is a position within the United States Department of State. The legal adviser provides legal advice on all issues (domestic and international) arising in the course of the department's activities.

The legal adviser heads the State Department's Office of the Legal Adviser. As such, the legal adviser has the rank of Assistant Secretary.{{cite web|title=Assistant Secretaries and Equivalent Rank |url=http://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/ei/biog/c7649.htm|date=January 20, 2009 |website=state.gov|access-date=November 15, 2015}}{{cite web|title=Department Organization Chart |url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/ei/rls/dos/99494.htm |website=state.gov |date=March 2014|access-date=November 15, 2015}}

History

From 1870 to 1891, the examiner of claims had been the chief legal officer of the department. The solicitor, a Department of Justice employee, had functioned as the Department of State's chief legal officer from 1891 to 1931. Solicitors and examiners of claims were by statute officials of the Department of Justice.

The position of Legal Advisor was created by an Act of Congress on February 23, 1931 (P.L. 71-715; 46 Stat. 1214). The first legal adviser was Green Hackworth, who served until 1946 and then became a judge on the International Court of Justice.

List of legal advisers of the Department of State

class="wikitable"

!Name

!Assumed office

!Left office

!President served under

|Green Hackworth

|July 1, 1931Initially commissioned during a Senate recess; subsequently confirmed and re-commissioned on December 17, 1931.

|March 1, 1946

|Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman

|Charles H. Fahy

|June 19, 1946

|August 15, 1947

|Harry S. Truman

|Ernest A. Gross

|August 16, 1947

|March 3, 1949

|Harry S. Truman

|Adrian S. Fisher

|June 28, 1949

|January 27, 1953

|Harry S. Truman

|Herman Phleger

|February 2, 1953

|April 1, 1957

|Dwight D. Eisenhower

|Loftus Becker

|June 13, 1957

|August 15, 1959

|Dwight D. Eisenhower

|Eric H. Hager

|September 9, 1959

|January 20, 1961

|Dwight D. Eisenhower

|Abram Chayes

|February 6, 1961

|June 27, 1964

|John F. Kennedy

|Leonard C. Meeker

|May 18, 1965

|July 13, 1969

|Lyndon B. Johnson

|John Reese Stevenson

|July 14, 1969

|January 1, 1973

|Richard Nixon

|Carlyle E. Maw

|November 27, 1973

|July 9, 1974

|Richard Nixon

|Monroe Leigh

|January 21, 1975

|January 20, 1977

|Gerald Ford

|Herbert J. Hansell

|April 8, 1977

|September 20, 1979

|Jimmy Carter

|Roberts Bishop Owen

|October 4, 1979

|February 16, 1981

|Jimmy Carter

|Davis Rowland Robinson

|July 30, 1981

|February 27, 1985

|Ronald Reagan

|Abraham David Sofaer

|June 10, 1985

|June 15, 1990

|Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush

|Edwin D. Williamson

|September 20, 1990

|January 20, 1993

|George H. W. Bush

|Conrad K. Harper

|May 24, 1993

|June 30, 1996

|Bill Clinton

|David Andrews

|September 2, 1997

|April 25, 2000

|Bill Clinton

|William Howard Taft IV

|April 16, 2001

|March 1, 2005

|George W. Bush

|John B. Bellinger III

|April 6, 2005

|March 23, 2009{{Cite web |url=http://fdsys.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/DCPD-2009NOMINATIONS/html/DCPD-2009NOMINATIONS.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=April 25, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503030705/http://fdsys.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/DCPD-2009NOMINATIONS/html/DCPD-2009NOMINATIONS.htm |archive-date=May 3, 2009 |url-status=dead }}

|George W. Bush, Barack Obama

|Joan E. Donoghue (acting)

|March 23, 2009

|June 25, 2009

|Barack Obama

|Harold Hongju Koh

|June 25, 2009

|January 22, 2013

|Barack Obama

|Mary McLeod (acting)

|January 23, 2013

|February 1, 2016