Leptobos

The range of Leptobos extended from the Iberian Peninsula to northern China.{{Cite journal |last1=Sorbelli |first1=Leonardo |last2=Alba |first2=David M. |last3=Cherin |first3=Marco |last4=Moullé |first4=Pierre-Élie |last5=Brugal |first5=Jean-Philip |last6=Madurell-Malapeira |first6=Joan |date=June 2021 |title=A review on Bison schoetensacki and its closest relatives through the early-Middle Pleistocene transition: Insights from the Vallparadís Section (NE Iberian Peninsula) and other European localities |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379121001402 |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |language=en |volume=261 |pages=106933 |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106933 |bibcode=2021QSRv..26106933S |s2cid=235527116}} L. merlai is known from the Early Pleistocene of central Italy.{{Cite journal |last=Cherin |first=Marco |last2=D’Allestro |first2=Vittorio |last3=Masini |first3=Federico |date=9 December 2017 |title=New Bovid Remains from the Early Pleistocene of Umbria (Italy) and a Reappraisal of Leptobos merlai |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10914-017-9421-x |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |language=en |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=201–224 |doi=10.1007/s10914-017-9421-x |issn=1064-7554 |access-date=22 February 2025 |via=Springer Nature Link|url-access=subscription }}

Species of Leptobos weighed on average {{Convert|320|kg}}.{{Cite journal |last1=Brugal |first1=Jean‑Philip |last2=Croitor |first2=Roman |date=2007-06-01 |title=Evolution, ecology and biochronology of herbivore associations in Europe during the last 3 million years |url=http://journals.openedition.org/quaternaire/1014 |journal=Quaternaire |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=129152 |doi=10.4000/quaternaire.1014 |issn=1142-2904|url-access=subscription }}

The first appearance of Leptobos in Europe around 3.6-3.5 million years ago is considered to define the beginning of the Villafranchian European faunal stage.{{Citation|last=van Kolfschoten|first=T.|title=QUATERNARY STRATIGRAPHY {{!}} Continental Biostratigraphy|date=2013-01-01|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444536433000595|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science (Second Edition)|pages=206–214|editor-last=Elias|editor-first=Scott A.|place=Amsterdam|publisher=Elsevier|language=en|isbn=978-0-444-53642-6|access-date=2021-10-31|editor2-last=Mock|editor2-first=Cary J.}} Leptobos is considered to be closely related to the insular genus Epileptobos from the Pleistocene of Java{{Cite journal |last1=Mead |first1=Jim I. |last2=Jin |first2=Changzhu |last3=Wei |first3=Guangbiao |last4=Sun |first4=Chengkai |last5=Wang |first5=Yuan |last6=Swift |first6=Sandra L. |last7=Zheng |first7=Longting |date=December 2014 |title=New data on Leptobos crassus (Artiodactyla, Bovidae) from Renzidong Cave, Early Pleistocene (Nihewanian) of Anhui, China, and an overview of the genus |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1040618214001098 |journal=Quaternary International |language=en |volume=354 |pages=139–146 |doi=10.1016/j.quaint.2014.02.019|bibcode=2014QuInt.354..139M |url-access=subscription }}, and is considered to be ancestral to Bison.{{Cite journal |last1=Sorbelli |first1=Leonardo |last2=Cherin |first2=Marco |last3=Kostopoulos |first3=Dimitris S. |last4=Sardella |first4=Raffaele |last5=Mecozzi |first5=Beniamino |last6=Plotnikov |first6=Valerii |last7=Prat-Vericat |first7=Maria |last8=Azzarà |first8=Beatrice |last9=Bartolini-Lucenti |first9=Saverio |last10=Madurell-Malapeira |first10=Joan |date=February 2023 |title=Earliest bison dispersal in Western Palearctic: Insights from the Eobison record from Pietrafitta (Early Pleistocene, central Italy) |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379122005546 |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |language=en |volume=301 |pages=107923 |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107923|bibcode=2023QSRv..30107923S |url-access=subscription }} Leptobos became extinct after being replaced by their descendant Bison during the Early Pleistocene, after a period of temporal overlap. "Leptobos" syrticus from Libya likely belongs in a different genus.

• Leptobos brevicornis (China)
• Leptobos crassus (China)
• Leptobos falconeri (Pakistan)
• Leptobos stenometopon (France and Italy)
• Leptobos merlai (France and Italy)
• Leptobos furtivus (France also possibly Italy)
• Leptobos etruscus (France, Italy, and Spain)
• Leptobos vallisarni (Italy and China)

File:Leptobos.jpg

The dietary preference across the genus includes species that were browsers,{{Cite journal |last1=Haiduc |first1=Bogdan S. |last2=Răţoi |first2=Bogdan G. |last3=Semprebon |first3=Gina M. |date=2018-02-22 |title=Dietary reconstruction of Plio-Pleistocene proboscideans from the Carpathian Basin of Romania using enamel microwear |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618217315148 |journal=Quaternary International |language=en |volume=467 |pages=222–229 |bibcode=2018QuInt.467..222H |doi=10.1016/j.quaint.2018.01.039 |issn=1040-6182|url-access=subscription }} grazers{{Cite journal |last1=Zhao |first1=LingXia |last2=Zhang |first2=LiZhao |last3=Zhang |first3=FuSong |last4=Wu |first4=XinZhi |date=2011-09-12 |title=Enamel carbon isotope evidence of diet and habitat of Gigantopithecus blacki and associated mammalian megafauna in the Early Pleistocene of South China |journal=Chinese Science Bulletin |volume=56 |issue=33 |pages=3590–3595 |bibcode=2011ChSBu..56.3590Z |doi=10.1007/s11434-011-4732-4 |issn=1001-6538 |s2cid=129987242 |doi-access=free}} and mixed feeders.{{Cite journal |last1=Strani |first1=Flavia |last2=DeMiguel |first2=Daniel |last3=Sardella |first3=Raffaele |last4=Bellucci |first4=Luca |date=July 2018 |title=Resource and niche differentiation mechanisms by sympatric Early Pleistocene ungulates: the case study of Coste San Giacomo |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1040618216315944 |journal=Quaternary International |language=en |volume=481 |pages=157–163 |bibcode=2018QuInt.481..157S |doi=10.1016/j.quaint.2017.08.064 |s2cid=90466225}} Ecomorphological analysis of its humerus suggests that L. etruscus was adapted for open grassland habitats.{{Cite journal |last=Serio |first=Carmela |last2=Brown |first2=Richard P. |last3=Clauss |first3=Marcus |last4=Meloro |first4=Carlo |date=9 August 2024 |title=Three‐dimensional geometric morphometric analyses of humerus ecomorphology: New perspectives for paleohabitat reconstruction in carnivorans and ungulates |url=https://anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ar.25553 |journal=The Anatomical Record |language=en |volume=308 |issue=3 |pages=946–974 |doi=10.1002/ar.25553 |issn=1932-8486 |pmc=11791394 |pmid=39126145 |access-date=22 February 2025 |via=Wiley Online Library}}

{{Reflist}}

• http://www.helsinki.fi/~mhaaramo/metazoa/deuterostoma/chordata/synapsida/eutheria/artiodactyla/bovioidea/boselaphini.html
• [https://www.paleodb.org Paleobiology Database]

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Category:Prehistoric bovids

Category:Pleistocene Artiodactyla

Category:Fossil taxa described in 1878

Category:Prehistoric Artiodactyla genera

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