Leptodeira annulata
{{Short description|Species of snake}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Leptodeira annulata01.jpg
| image_caption = Undulous dorsal stripe
| image2 = Leptodeira annulata.jpg
| image2_caption = Vertically elliptic pupil
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| genus = Leptodeira
| species = annulata
| authority = (Linnaeus, 1758)
| synonyms = *Coluber annulatus
Linnaeus, 1758
- Dipsas annulata
— Schlegel, 1837 - Sibon annulata
— Cope, 1860 - Eteirodipsas annulata
— Jan, 1863 - Leptodira annulata
— Boulenger, 1896 - Leptodeira annulata
— Amaral, 1929
}}
Leptodeira annulata, also known commonly as the banded cat-eyed snake, is a species of mildly venomous, rear-fanged, snake in the subfamily Dipsadinae of the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to the New World.ITIS (Integrated Taxonomic Information System). Itis.gov.
Common names
Additional common names for L. annulata include: cat-eyed night snake, come sapo, culebra de pantano, culebra destenida, machete savane, mapana de agua, mapana tigre, and ranera.Freiberg, M. (1982). Snakes of South America. Hong Kong: T.F.H. Publications. 189 pp. {{ISBN|0-87666-912-7}}. (Leptodeira annulata, pp. 100–101, 103 + photograph on p. 55)
Geographic range
L. annulata is found in Mexico, Central America, and South America, including the offshore islands of Margarita, and Trinidad and Tobago.{{EMBL species|genus=Leptodeira|species=annulata}} www.reptile-database.org.
Description
Adults of L. annulata have a total length (tail included) of about 750 mm (30 in) and are very slender. The head is distinct from the neck, and the large eyes have vertically elliptic pupils. The back is yellowish or brown with a series of dark brown or blackish spots often confluent into an undulous or zigzag stripe.Boulenger, G.A. (1896). Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume III., Containing the Colubridæ (Opisthoglyphæ and Proteroglyphæ).... London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, Printers.) xiv + 727 pp. + Plates I–XXV. (Genus Leptodira, pp. 88–89; species Leptodira annulata, pp. 97–98)
Venom
L. annulata has a pair of enlarged, grooved teeth at the rear of each upper jaw (maxilla), and produces a mild venom.{{Citation needed|date=May 2013}}. The venom affects the snake's natural prey (mainly small frogs and small lizards). The snake tends not to bite humans when handled, but when it does, the venom has relatively mild effects in most individuals; some describe it as a slight irritating/itching sensation with slight swelling. The snake is not considered a risk to human health.
Habitat
L. annulata inhabits moist areas. It tends to be found in forest (moist and dry forest) as well as in areas near forest edge, including well vegetated urbanized areas near the forest edge. It is often associated with riparian zones, as well as the margins of swamps and marshes.
Behavior
L. annulata is nocturnal. It hunts and feeds in trees and on the ground.
Diet
L. annulata preys on frogs, frog eggs, tadpoles,{{cite web|url=https://sta.uwi.edu/fst/lifesciences/sites/default/files/lifesciences/documents/ogatt/Leptodeira_annulata%20-%20Cat-eyed%20Snake%20or%20False%20Mapepire.pdf|title=Leptodeira annulata (Cat-eyed Snake or False Mapepire)|website=Sta.uwi.edu|access-date=16 July 2022}} salamanders, and small reptiles such as lizards (including anoles) and smaller snakes, as well as fish. It may also feed on fledgling birds.{{Citation needed|date=May 2013}}
Reproduction
Snakes of the genus Leptodeira are oviparous, sometimes exhibiting delayed fertilization.Wright, A.H.; Wright, A.A. (1957). Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates, a Division of Cornell University Press. 1,105 pp. (in 2 volumes). ("Genus Leptodeira", pp. 415–418.) Their eggs have been found in the fungus gardens of Acromyrmex and Atta colombica ants.{{cite journal |last1=Baer |first1=Boris |last2=den Boer |first2=Susanne Petronella A. |last3=Kronauer |first3=Daniel |author3-link=species:Daniel J. C. Kronauer |last4=Nash |first4=David Richard |author4-link=species:David R. Nash |last5=Boomsma |first5=Jacobus Jan |author5-link=Jacobus Boomsma |title=Fungus gardens of the leafcutter ant Atta colombica function as egg nurseries for the snake Leptodeira annulata |journal=Insectes Sociaux |date=August 2009 |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=289–291 |doi=10.1007/s00040-009-0026-0|url=https://curis.ku.dk/ws/files/14120636/Baer_et_al.__Insectes_sociaux_2009__Snakes_in_Atta_colonies |url-access=subscription }}
References
{{Reflist}}
Further reading
{{Commons category|Leptodeira annulata}}
- {{cite book | author=Boos, Hans E.A. | title=The Snakes of Trinidad and Tobago | publisher=Texas A&M University Press. College Station, Texas. xvi + 328 pp.| year=2001 |isbn=1-58544-116-3}}
- Hallowell, E. (1845). "Description of Reptiles, from South America, supposed to be new". Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 2: 241–247. ("Coluber Ashmeadii", pp. 244–245).
- Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio Decima, Reformata. Stockholm: L. Salvius. 824 pp. (Coluber annulatus, new species, p. 224).
- Morris, Percy A. (1948). Boy's Book of Snakes: How to Recognize and Understand Them. A volume of the Humanizing Science Series, edited by Jaques Cattell. New York: Ronald Press. 185 pp. ("Night Snake", Leptodira annulata, pp. 140–141, 181).
{{Taxonbar|from=Q289823}}
Category:Reptiles of Trinidad and Tobago
Category:Snakes of South America