Leptothrix cholodnii

{{Short description|Species of bacterium}}

{{Speciesbox

| image =

| genus = Leptothrix (bacterium)

| species = cholodnii

| authority = Mulder and van Veen 1963{{Cite web|url=https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/leptothrix|title=Genus: Leptothrix|website=Lpsn.dsmz.de|access-date=22 March 2022}}

| type_strain = LVMW 99{{cite web |url=http://jpkc.jluhp.edu.cn/zwkx/zwbl/improve/tools/PPIGB/leptothrix.html |title=Leptothrix Kützing 1843, genus |access-date=2013-05-19 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130628082932/http://jpkc.jluhp.edu.cn/zwkx/zwbl/improve/tools/PPIGB/leptothrix.html |archive-date=2013-06-28 }}

| synonyms =

}}

Leptothrix cholodnii is a bacterium from the genus Leptothrix, which has the ability to oxidize Fe(II).{{Cite web |url=http://supfam.cs.bris.ac.uk/SUPERFAMILY/cgi-bin/gen_list.cgi?genome=7i |title=Leptothrix cholodnii SP-6 superfamily assignments |access-date=2013-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160213032123/http://supfam.cs.bris.ac.uk/SUPERFAMILY/cgi-bin/gen_list.cgi?genome=7i |archive-date=2016-02-13 |url-status=dead }}{{cite web|url=http://goldschmidt.info/2009/abstracts/finalPDFs/A1392.pdf|title=Kinetics of neutrophilic iron oxidation by Leptothrix cholodnii|author1=S. VOLLRATH|author2=T. BEHRENDS|author3=P. VAN CAPPELLEN|website=Goldschmidt.info|access-date=2022-03-22}}. They were previously known as Leptothrix discophora SP-6.{{Cite journal |last1=Emerson |first1=D |last2=Ghiorse |first2=W C |date=December 1993 |title=Ultrastructure and chemical composition of the sheath of Leptothrix discophora SP-6 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.175.24.7808-7818.1993 |journal=Journal of Bacteriology |volume=175 |issue=24 |pages=7808–7818 |doi=10.1128/jb.175.24.7808-7818.1993 |pmid=7504663 |issn=0021-9193|pmc=206956 }} They are fast-growing metal oxidizers in iron-rich environments. These environments include freshwater bodies characterized with neutral to slightly acidic pH, oxygen gradients and organic matter. Examples of these sites include freshwater streams and wetlands, iron seeps, water pipes, surface of sediments {{Citation |last=Spring |first=Stefan |title=The Genera Leptothrix and Sphaerotilus |date=2006 |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/0-387-30745-1_35 |work=The Prokaryotes |pages=758–777 |editor-last=Dworkin |editor-first=Martin |access-date=2023-04-25 |place=New York, NY |publisher=Springer New York |language=en |doi=10.1007/0-387-30745-1_35 |isbn=978-0-387-25495-1 |editor2-last=Falkow |editor2-first=Stanley |editor3-last=Rosenberg |editor3-first=Eugene |editor4-last=Schleifer |editor4-first=Karl-Heinz|url-access=subscription }}{{Citation |last=Nealson |first=Kenneth H. |title=Microbial Oxidation and Reduction of Manganese and Iron |date=1983 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-7944-4_45 |work=Biomineralization and Biological Metal Accumulation |pages=459–479 |access-date=2023-04-25 |place=Dordrecht |publisher=Springer Netherlands |doi=10.1007/978-94-009-7944-4_45 |isbn=978-94-009-7946-8|url-access=subscription }} Their growth under suitable conditions is easily recognized with fluffy microbial mats, surface biofilms made up of oxidized Fe and Mn minerals with orange to dark brown color. They can oxidize both Fe(II) and Mn(II). Leptothrix cholodnii  SP-6 is a member of this group with an isolate and sheath-former under laboratory conditions.{{Cite journal |last1=Emerson |first1=David |last2=Fleming |first2=Emily J. |last3=McBeth |first3=Joyce M. |date=2010-10-13 |title=Iron-Oxidizing Bacteria: An Environmental and Genomic Perspective |url=https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.micro.112408.134208 |journal=Annual Review of Microbiology |language=en |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=561–583 |doi=10.1146/annurev.micro.112408.134208 |pmid=20565252 |issn=0066-4227|url-access=subscription }}

Metabolism

They grow as aerobic, chemoorganoheterotrophs under circumneutral pH conditions. They can utilize a range of organic carbon substrates as electron donors.{{Cite journal |last=Dondero |first=Norman C. |title=THE SPHAEROTILUS-LEPTOTHRIX GROUP |date=October 1975 |url=https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.mi.29.100175.002203 |journal=Annual Review of Microbiology |language=en |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=407–428 |doi=10.1146/annurev.mi.29.100175.002203 |pmid=1180519 |issn=0066-4227|url-access=subscription }}