Leuven Vulgate#Lucas Brugensis editions
{{Short description|1547 edition of the Vulgate made by Hentenius}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{EngvarB|date = February 2020}}
{{Infobox Bible translation
| translation_title = Leuven Vulgate
| image = Biblia Vulgata lovaniensis 1547 2.jpg
| image_caption = Biblia Vulgata lovaniensis (1547)
| other_names = Hentenian Bible
| language = Late Latin
| complete_bible_published = 1547; revision published in 1574; appendix added in the 1583 edition
| religious_affiliation = Catholic Church
| textual_basis = Vulgate
}}
The Leuven Vulgate or Hentenian Bible ({{Langx|fr|Louvain Vulgate}}, {{Langx|la|Biblia Vulgata lovaniensis}}) was the first standardized edition of the Latin Vulgate. The Leuven Vulgate essentially served as the standard text of the Catholic Church from its publication in 1547 until the Sixtine Vulgate was published in 1590. The 1583 edition of the Leuven Vulgate is cited in the Oxford Vulgate New Testament, where it is designated by the siglum {{Script|en-Latf|H}} (H for Hentenian).{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/nouumtestamentum01whit|title=Nouum Testamentum Domini nostri Jesu Christi latine, secundum editionem Sancti Hieronymi|date=1889|publisher=The Clarendon Press|editor-last=Wordsworth|editor-first=John|editor-link=John Wordsworth|volume=1|location=Oxford|page=xxix|chapter=Praefatio editorum Prolegomenorum loco Euangeliis Praemissa (Cap. VI. Editiones saepius uel perpetuo citatae.)|editor-last2=White|editor-first2=Henry Julian|editor-link2=Henry Julian White}}{{Cite book|last=Hastings|first=James|title=A Dictionary of the Bible|date=2004|publisher=University Press of the Pacific|isbn=9781410217295|volume=4, Part 2 (Shimrath - Zuzim)|location=Honolulu, Hawaii|pages=881|language=en|chapter=Vulgate|author-link=James Hastings|orig-year=1898|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yk1CKgPRKtAC&q=Bull+Aeternus+ille&pg=PA881}}
In 1546, partly in response to the Protestant Reformation, the Council of Trent declared the Vulgate the official Bible of the Catholic church. However, there were different versions of the Vulgate in use, and no edition was accepted as standard. In response, Biblical scholar John Henten sought to produce a more reliable edition by comparing thirty different manuscripts of the Vulgate and drawing from the work of earlier scholars, such as Robert Estienne.{{Cite web|url=https://collections.museumofthebible.org/artifacts/57858-louvain-vulgate|title=Louvain Vulgate|website=Museum of the Bible|accessdate=30 April 2024}} This standardized Vulgate was edited by Hentenius (1499–1566) and published in 1547 in Leuven, Belgium, hence the name "Leuven Vulgate". This edition was republished several times, and in 1574, a revised edition was published.
History
= Publications =
On 8 April 1546, at the Council of Trent, a decision was made to prepare an authorized version of the Vulgate.{{Sfnp|Bogaert|Gilmont|1990|pp=279–281}} No direct action was taken for the next forty years, and many scholars continued to publish their own editions. Among these editions, the edition prepared by Hentenius served almost as the standard text of the Catholic Church.{{Sfnp|Scrivener|1894|p=63}}
The first edition of Hentenius was entitled Biblia ad vetustissima exemplaria nunc recens castigata and was published by the printer {{Interlanguage link|Bartholomaeus Gravius|lt=|nl|Bartholomaeus Gravius|WD=}} in November 1547.{{Sfnp|Quentin|1922|p=130}} Hentenius used over thirty Vulgate manuscripts to make his edition.{{Sfnp|Quentin|1922|p=134}} Hentenius' edition is similar to the 1532 and 1540 editions of the Vulgate produced by Robert Estienne.{{Sfnp|Quentin|1922|p=135}}
=Lucas Brugensis editions =
After the death of Hentenius in 1566, Franciscus Lucas Brugensis continued his critical work and prepared his own edition; the edition was published in 1574{{Sfnp|Quentin|1922|pp=138–146}} in Antwerp by Plantin, under the title: Biblia Sacra: Qui in hac editione, a Theologis Lovanienibus prestitum sit, paulo post indicatur.{{Cite journal|last=Gerace|first=Antonio|date=2016|title=Francis Lucas 'of Bruges' and Textual Criticism of the Vulgate before and after the Sixto-Clementine (1592)|url=https://limo.libis.be/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=LIRIAS1883326&context=L&vid=Lirias&search_scope=Lirias&tab=default_tab&lang=en_US&fromSitemap=1|journal=Journal of Early Modern Christianity|volume=3|issue=2|pages=202|doi=10.1515/jemc-2016-0008|s2cid=193547960|quote=Biblia Sacra: Qui in hac editione, a Theologis Lovanienibus prestitum sit, paulo post indicator [sic], ed. Francis Lucas (Antwerp: Christopher Plantin, 1574; hereafter abbreviated as “Biblia 1574”).|via=KULeuven}}{{Cite book|title=Biblia Sacra. Quid, in hac editione, a Theologis Louaniensibus, praestitum sit, paulo post indicatur.|date=1574|publisher=Ex officina Christophori Plantini|location=Antverpiae|language=la|oclc=37026149}}A. C. De Schrevel, "Lucas, François, dit Lucas Brugensis", Biographie Nationale de Belgique, [http://academieroyale.be/Academie/documents/FichierPDFBiographieNationaleTome2053.pdf vol. 12] (Brussels, 1893), p. 552. This revision has the same text as the original edition. However the punctuation was modified, and supplementary variants were added in the margin; few variants from the original edition were removed.{{Sfnp|Quentin|1922|pp=138–146}}
In 1583, a new edition of the Leuven Vulgate was published by the Plantin Press. This edition was a reprint of the 1574 edition with as a supplement in appendix a critical apparatus made by Lucas Brugensis: his Notationes in sacra Biblia previously published independently in 1580.{{Cite journal|last=Gerace|first=Antonio|date=2016|title=Francis Lucas 'of Bruges' and Textual Criticism of the Vulgate before and after the Sixto-Clementine (1592)|url=https://limo.libis.be/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=LIRIAS1883326&context=L&vid=Lirias&search_scope=Lirias&tab=default_tab&lang=en_US&fromSitemap=1|journal=Journal of Early Modern Christianity|volume=3|issue=2|pages=202–203, 223–224|doi=10.1515/jemc-2016-0008|s2cid=193547960|via=KULeuven}} This edition was published under the title: Biblia Sacra, quid in hac editione a theologis Lovaniensibus praestitum sit, eorum praefatio indicat.{{Cite web|url=https://www.smu.edu/Bridwell/SpecialCollectionsandArchives/Exhibitions/First4CenturiesIllustratedBible/Later16thCentury/Plantin1583Latin|title=Plantin's 1583 Latin Bible – SMU|website=www.smu.edu|access-date=2020-02-20}}{{Cite book|last1=Jerome|author-link=Jerome|title=Biblia sacra: quid in hac editione a theologis Louaniensibus præstitum sit, eorum præfatio indicat.|last2=Lucas|first2=Franciscus|author-link2=Franciscus Lucas Brugensis|last3=Molanus|first3=Johannes|author-link3=Joannes Molanus|last4=Hunnaeus|first4=Augustinus|author-link4=Augustinus Hunnaeus|last5=Goudanus|first5=Cornelius|author-link5=Cornelis Reineri|last6=Harlemius|first6=Johannes|author-link6=Johannes Harlemius|last7=Henten|first7=Johannes|author-link7=Hentenius|last8=University of Louvain (1425–1797)|author-link8=Old University of Leuven|last9=Faculty of Theology|author-link9=Faculty of Theology, Old University of Leuven|date=1583|publisher=Ex officina Christophori Plantini|location=Antuerpiæ|language=la|oclc=54331192}}{{Efn|A. Gerace previously stated that this 1583 edition containing the Notationes was the one published under the title Theologis Lovanienibus prestitum sit, paulo post indicator [sic, indicatur].{{Cite journal|last=Gerace|first=Antonio|date=2016|title=Francis Lucas 'of Bruges' and Textual Criticism of the Vulgate before and after the Sixto-Clementine (1592)|url=https://limo.libis.be/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=LIRIAS1883326&context=L&vid=Lirias&search_scope=Lirias&tab=default_tab&lang=en_US&fromSitemap=1|journal=Journal of Early Modern Christianity|volume=3|issue=2|pages=203|doi=10.1515/jemc-2016-0008|s2cid=193547960|via=KULeuven}} However, he later amended his opinion to state that the edition containing the Notationes is the edition titled Biblia Sacra, quid in hac editione a theologis Lovaniensibus praestitum sit, eorum praefatio indicat.{{Cite book |last=Gerace |first=Antonio |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eR6uEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA300 |title=The Oxford Handbook of the Latin Bible |date=2023 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-088609-7 |editor-last=Houghton |editor-first=H. A. G. |pages=300 |language=en |chapter=The Council of Trent and the Sixto-Clementine Vulgate}}|name=|group=}}
Importance
The 1583 edition of the Leuven Vulgate served as the basis for the elaboration of the Sixtine and Clementine editions of the Vulgate.{{Sfnp|Quentin|1922|p=135}}
Using the Leuven Vulgate as basis, Nicolaus van Winghe {{Interlanguage link|Leuvense Bijbel|lt=translated the Bible into Dutch|nl|nl|WD=}} (1548), and Nicolas de Leuze {{Interlanguage link|Leuven Bible (1550)|lt=translated the Bible into French|fr|Bible de Louvain (1550)|WD=}} (1550).{{Sfnp|Bogaert|Gilmont|1990|p=287}} Both translations were published in Leuven.{{Sfnp|Bogaert|Gilmont|1990|pp=297–299}} Jakub Wujek based his translation, the Wujek Bible, on the 1574 edition of the Leuven Vulgate.{{Sfnp|Kossowska|1968|p=323}} Because the Douay-Rheims Bible was translated in 1582, it is a virtual certainty that the Leuven Vulgate, presumably the 1574 revision, was the translation basis for the Douay-Rheims Bible.
Notes
{{Notelist}}
References
{{Reflist}}
= Bibliography =
- {{Cite journal|last1=Bogaert|first1=P.-M.|last2=Gilmont|first2=J.-Fr.|date=1990|title=La première Bible française de Louvain (1550)|url=http://www.persee.fr/doc/thlou_0080-2654_1980_num_11_3_1779|journal=Revue théologique de Louvain|volume=11|issue=3|pages=275–309|doi=10.3406/thlou.1980.1779|via=Persée}}
- {{Cite book|last=Kossowska|first=Maria|title=Biblia w języku polskim|publisher=Księgarnia św. Wojciecha|year=1968|volume=I|location=Poznań}}
- {{Cite book|last=Quentin|first=Henri|url=http://www.archive.org/stream/mmoiresurlta01quenuoft#page/128/mode/2up|title=Mémoire sur l'établissement du texte de la Vulgate|publisher=Desclée|year=1922|location=Rome|pages=128–136|language=fr|author-link=Henri Quentin}}
- {{Cite book|last=Scrivener|first=F. H. A.|url=http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924092355118#page/n75/mode/2up|title=A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament|publisher=George Bell & Sons|year=1894|volume=2|location=London|pages=62–64|language=en|author-link=Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener}}
External links
=1547 edition=
- {{Cite book|url=http://www.lovaniensia.be/items/show/670|title=Biblia ad vetustissima exemplaria nunc recens castigata. Hebræa, Chaldæa, Græca & Latina nomina ... quæ in Biblijs leguntur, restituta, cum Latina interpretatione, ac locorum è cosmographis descriptione ...|publisher=Bartholomaeus Gravius|year=1547|editor-last=Hentenius|editor-first=Joannes|location=Leuven|access-date=2024-03-09|via=Lovaniensia}}
- {{Cite book |url=http://bibbia.filosofia.sns.it/p_TOC15590000BibliaPlantin15590000BibliaPlantin.php|title=Biblia, ad vetustissima exemplaria... castigata (Antwerpen 1559).|publisher=Christophe Plantin|year=1559|editor-last=Hentenius|editor-first=Joannes|location=Antwerp|orig-year=1547|via=Instituto Nazionale di Studi sul Rinascimento|access-date=19 February 2020|archive-date=27 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227235354/http://bibbia.filosofia.sns.it/p_TOC15590000BibliaPlantin15590000BibliaPlantin.php|url-status=dead}} (click on "metadati", if the image does not load)
=1574 edition=
- {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6cRJ_9Ve_VEC|title=Biblia sacra: quid in hac editione, à theologis Louaniensibus, præstitum sit, pauli pòst indicatur|date=1574|publisher=ex officina Christophori Plantini|location=Antuerpiae|via=Google Books}}
- {{Cite book|url=http://bibliotecadigital.jcyl.es/es/consulta/registro.cmd?id=20338|title=Biblia sacra quid in hac editione a theologis louaniensibus praestitum sit, paulo post indicatur|date=1583|publisher=ex officina Christophori Plantini|location=Antuerpiae|orig-year=1574|via=Biblioteca Digital de Castilla y León}}
=1583 edition=
- {{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w26OjUokeSAC |title=Biblia sacra. Quid in hac editione a Theologis Lovaniensibus praestitum sit, eorum praefatio indicat. [Notationes In Sacra Biblia, Quibus, Variantia Discrepantibus Examplaribus Loca, Summo Studio Discutiuntur Auctore Francisco Luca Brugensi...] |date=1583 |publisher=Ex officina Christophori Plantini |language=la |via=Google Books}}
- {{Cite web|url=http://www.flandrica.be/flandrica/items/show/455|title=Biblia sacra. Quid in hac editione a theologis Lovaniensibus praestitum sit, eorum praefatio indicat|year=1583|website=Flandrica.be|publisher=Flanders Heritage Library|access-date=2020-02-20}}
=Miscellaneous=
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20160627170659/http://www.antiqueholybible.com/1574-louvain-vellum-woodcuts/ Leuven Vulgate from 1574], Antique Holy Bible
- [http://www.bibliasacra.nl/ Biblia Sacra]