Levi Leiter

Leiter was born to Anne (née Ziegler) and Joseph Thomas Leiter,{{Cite web |last=Martin |first=E.S. |year=1899 |title=This Busy World |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nIGO2dPuN9sC&pg=PA31 |publisher=Harper's Weekly, Volume 43 |page=31}} of Leitersburg, the Washington County, Maryland town founded by his granduncle Andrew Leiter.{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofleiters00bell/page/186/mode/2up |title=History of Leitersburg District, Washington County, Maryland |last=Bell |first=Herbert C. |year=1898 |page=184 |via=Archive.org}}{{Open access}} Although some have confused Leiter's ancestry as Jewish, his family was in fact of Swiss descent; he was raised a Lutheran.{{cite news| url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/lady-alexandra-metcalfe-1595421.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220614/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/lady-alexandra-metcalfe-1595421.html |archive-date=June 14, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Lady Alexandra Metcalfe | location=London | newspaper=The Independent | first=Sarah | last=Bradford | date=1995-08-09}}

{{citation|title=After the Victorians |first=A. N. |last=Wilson |edition=illustrated |publisher=Hutchinson |year=2005 |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=OJmfAAAAMAAJ&dq=Levi+Leiter+lutheran&q=Levi+Leiter 22-–23]}}{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ANdBAQAAIAAJ&q=levi+leiter |title=The Listener |date=1977 |pages=682 |language=en}}{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cLYsEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA213 |title=Gottlieb |year=2021 |pages=213 |isbn=978-0-7556-3365-4 |language=en |last1=Gottlieb |first1=Julie V. |publisher=Bloomsbury }}

As a boy, Leiter worked for a dry goods business in Springfield, Ohio. In 1853 he began working as a bookkeeper at Chicago's then-largest dry goods company, Cooley, Wadsworth & Co., where he worked alongside Marshall Field and Potter Palmer. Leiter and Field became partners in the firm, but in 1865, they sold their interest in the company to John V. Farwell{{Cite Appletons'|wstitle=Leiter, Levi Zeigler|year=1900}} and went into business, along with Palmer, as Field, Palmer, Leiter & Co.

In 1867, Palmer left his business to pursue real estate ventures, and the company was renamed Field, Leiter & Co. Field & Leiter built a six-story store on State Street in 1868. It was rebuilt after the Great Chicago Fire in 1871. From 1874 to 1880, Leiter was a member of the Executive Committee of the Chicago Relief and Aid Society, which helped collect and distribute funds to rebuild Chicago after the fire. When Leiter sold his interest to Field and retired from the dry goods business in 1881, the name was changed to Marshall Field and Company.

As Leiter's wealth increased, he invested much of his savings in Chicago real estate. After retirement from Field, Leiter & Co., he devoted his attention to real estate and corporate interests.{{Cite Americana|wstitle=Leiter, Levi Zeigler}} He later devoted time to travel and philanthropy. He was the first president of the Commercial Club of Chicago, the second president of the Chicago Art Institute, a president of the Chicago Historical Society, and a prominent figure in the Illinois Trust Company.

File:Sketch of Joseph Leiter (cropped).png

From 1892 to 1898, his son Joseph was his agent. Joseph attempted to corner the wheat market from 1897 to 1898, and was briefly the largest individual holder of wheat in the history of the grain trade. Concerted action by his competitors broke the corner.{{Cite Americana|wstitle=Leiter, Joseph}} Levi paid millions of dollars to settle Joseph's debts after the market crashed in 1898.{{cite journal|journal=Chicago Tribune|date=1898-06-04|title=Crash in Leiter Deal|url=http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/11005.html}} Levi's losses were reputed to run to $10 million. Joseph was later the founder of the company town of Zeigler, Illinois, and president of the Zeigler Coal Company and the Chicago, Zeigler and Gulf Railway Company; he was also a director of the American Security and Trust Company.

In 1866, Leiter married Mary Theresa Carver (1844–1913) of Chicago. From 1885 until her death, she served as the second Vice Regent for Illinois in the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, which is occupied with the preservation of George Washington's Mount Vernon estate. Together, they were the parents of:{{cite web |last1=McKinney |first1=Megan |title=Chicago's British Aristocracy {{!}} Classic Chicago Magazine |url=http://www.classicchicagomagazine.com/chicagos-british-aristocracy/ |website=www.classicchicagomagazine.com |date=July 3, 2016 |publisher=Classic Chicago Magazine |access-date=24 July 2018}}

• Joseph Leiter (1868–1932), who married Juliette Williams (1887–1942).{{cite news |title=WIFE AND CHILDREN GET LEITER ESTATE; Will to Be Filed in Chicago To- day Disposes of Fortune That May Exceed $10,000,000. WIFE TO GET TRUST INCOME Son Thomas, 20, Inherits Racing Stable and Famous Library Started by Grandmother. |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1932/04/21/100721448.pdf |access-date=24 July 2018 |work=The New York Times |date=April 21, 1932 |language=en |url-access=subscription}}
• Mary Victoria Leiter (1870–1906), who married the British Conservative statesman George Nathaniel Curzon, Viceroy of India, later the 1st Baron Curzon of Kedleston and ultimately 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston; she was thus Vicereine of India between 1899 and 1905.{{cite news |title=LADY CURZON'S WILL. Value of the Estate $59,875 — Most of It Left to Her Husband. |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1906/08/08/101793412.pdf |access-date=2021-11-23 |work=The New York Times |date=August 8, 1906}}
• Nancy Lathrop Carver Leiter (1873–1930), who married Colin Powys Campbell (1859–1923).{{cite news |url=https://newspaperarchive.com/other-articles-clipping-sep-19-1900-2835748/ |newspaper=Newark Daily Advocate |title=She is Back From India |date=1900-09-19|page=3 |access-date=2021-11-23 |via=NewspaperArchive}}
• Margaret Hyde Leiter (1880–1968), who married Henry Molineux Howard (1877–1917), the 19th Earl of Suffolk and 12th Earl of Berkshire.{{cite news| url=http://tucson.com/news/blogs/streetsmarts/street-smarts-neighborhood-road-named-for-lady-suffolk/article_6a25978c-a9a2-5e94-937a-d7bb1df5da89.html|title=Street Smarts: Neighborhood, road named for Lady Suffolk | location=Tucson, Arizona | newspaper=Arizona Daily Star | first=David | last=Leighton | date=2014-10-20}}

Leiter died of heart disease at the Vanderbilt family cottage in Bar Harbor, Maine on June 9, 1904.{{cite news |newspaper=The New York Times |location=Bar Harbor, Maine |date=June 10, 1904 |title=Levi Z. Leiter Dies in Maine of Heart Disease |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/89437677/levi-z-leiter-dies-in-maine-of-heart/ |page=9 |access-date=2021-11-23 |via=Newspapers.com}} His estate became the subject of eight years of litigation.

File:Leiter House in color.jpg

In 1891, Leiter had a mansion built adjacent to Dupont Circle in Washington, D.C. This home, the Leiter House, was designed by Theophilus P. Chandler.{{cite web|title=Then and Now: 1500 New Hampshire Ave., NW|url=http://dckaleidoscope.wordpress.com/2009/04/13/then-and-now1500-new-hampshire-ave-nw/|date=2009-04-13|last=Boese|first=Kent}}{{cite web|title=Lost Washington: The Leiter House|url=http://dckaleidoscope.wordpress.com/2009/04/07/lost-washington-the-leiter-house/|date=2009-04-07|last=Boese|first=Kent}} After his death, his D.C. home was used for elaborate parties hosted by his widow. During WWII, the mansion was leased to the U.S. Government for office space. The property was sold and the structure was demolished in 1947. The site is now the location of the Dupont Hotel.

Through his eldest daughter, he was the maternal grandfather of Lady Irene Curzon (later Baroness Ravensdale; 1896–1966); Lady Cynthia Curzon (1898–1933), the first wife of Sir Oswald Mosley; and Alexandra Curzon (1904–1995), the wife of Edward Dudley Metcalfe, the best friend, best man and equerry of King Edward VIII.{{cite book |title=The Duchess of Windsor: the secret life |last=Higham |first=Charles |year=1989 |publisher=Charter Books |isbn=1-55773-227-2 |page=106 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fanBQgAACAAJ |access-date=31 January 2011}}{{cite book |title=Hidden Agenda: How the Duke of Windsor Betrayed the Allies |last=Allen |first=Martin |year=2002 |publisher=M. Evans and Co. |location=New York |isbn=0-333-90181-9 |page=70 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ViMqAAAAYAAJ |access-date=31 January 2011}}

Through his daughter Margaret, he was the maternal grandfather of Charles Howard, 20th Earl of Suffolk (1906–1941); Hon. Cecil John Arthur Howard (1908–1985), married Frances Dean; and Lt.-Cdr. Hon. Greville Reginald Howard (1909–1987)."Cracroft's Peerage: The Complete Guide to the British Peerage & Baronetage", [http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/suffolk1603.htm "Suffolk, Earl of (E, 1603)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425124340/http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/online/content/suffolk1603.htm |date=2014-04-25 }}, The Peerage Research Trust. Retrieved 27 May 2014.

{{reflist|30em}}

• {{cite magazine|magazine=Time|date=July 26, 1937|title=Law: Litigous Leiters|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,758059-1,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103120323/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,758059-1,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 3, 2012}}
• {{cite web|title=Levi Z. Leiter papers and Leiter estate records: Descriptive Inventory for the Collection at Chicago History Museum, Research Center|last=Popp|first=Richard|date=June 1982|publisher=Chicago Historical Society|url=http://chsmedia.org/media/fa/fa/M-L/LeiterLevi.htm}}

• [http://tucson.com/news/blogs/streetsmarts/street-smarts-neighborhood-road-named-for-lady-suffolk/article_6a25978c-a9a2-5e94-937a-d7bb1df5da89.html David Leighton, "Street Smarts: Neighborhood, road named for Lady Suffolk," Arizona Daily Star, Oct. 21, 2014]

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Category:1834 births

Category:1904 deaths

Category:19th-century American businesspeople

Category:20th-century American businesspeople

Category:American people of Swiss descent

Category:American people of German descent

Category:People from Dupont Circle

Category:People from Washington County, Maryland

Category:Businesspeople from Chicago

Category:Businesspeople from Maryland