Li Zhaoping

Li Zhaoping graduated from Fudan University in Shanghai in 1984 with a bachelor's degree in physics.{{Cite web|url=http://www.shanghaiforum.fudan.edu.cn/en/index.php?c=news&a=detail&aid=1405|title=Shanghai FORUM - Li Zhaoping|website=www.shanghaiforum.fudan.edu.cn|access-date=2019-12-02|archive-date=2019-12-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217115605/http://www.shanghaiforum.fudan.edu.cn/en/index.php?c=news&a=detail&aid=1405|url-status=dead}}

During 1984 to 1989, she did her Ph.D. study in physics in California Institute of Technology.{{Cite thesis|title=A model of the olfactory bulb and beyond|url=https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:02192014-080819270|publisher=California Institute of Technology|date=1990|degree=phd|first=Zhaoping|last=Li|access-date=2019-12-02|archive-date=2024-10-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008144550/https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/8083/|url-status=live}} Her Ph.D. supervisor was John Hopfield.{{Cite web|url=https://academictree.org/physics/peopleinfo.php?pid=80|title=Physics Tree - John J. Hopfield|website=academictree.org|access-date=2019-12-02|archive-date=2024-10-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008144542/https://academictree.org/physics/peopleinfo.php?pid=80|url-status=live}}

After a brief stay in Fermilab, Zhaoping was a member of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton in 1990–1992,{{Cite web|url=https://www.ias.edu/scholars/zhaoping-li|title=Zhaoping Li|website=Institute for Advanced Study|language=en|access-date=2019-12-03|archive-date=2024-10-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008144548/https://www.ias.edu/scholars/zhaoping-li|url-status=live}} and then was a postdoctoral fellow in Rockefeller University in 1992–1994.

In 1998, Li Zhaoping, together with Geoffrey Hinton and Peter Dayan, co-founded the Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit in University College London.{{Cite web|url=https://www.mpg.de/12300126/appointment-dayan-li|title=Peter Dayan and Li Zhaoping appointed to the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics|website=www.mpg.de|language=en|access-date=2019-12-15|archive-date=2019-04-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403042224/https://www.mpg.de/12300126/appointment-dayan-li|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/pounds-10m-centre-to-unlock-brains-secrets/105421.article|title=Pounds 10m centre to unlock brain's secrets|date=1998-01-16|website=Times Higher Education (THE)|language=en|access-date=2020-01-26|archive-date=2024-10-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008144555/https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/pounds-10m-centre-to-unlock-brains-secrets/105421.article|url-status=live}}

Currently, Li Zhaoping is a professor at the University of Tübingen.{{Cite web|url=https://uni-tuebingen.de/en/faculties/faculty-of-science/departments/computer-science/research-groups/|title=Research Groups {{!}} University of Tübingen|website=uni-tuebingen.de|access-date=2019-12-03|archive-date=2019-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203113904/https://uni-tuebingen.de/en/faculties/faculty-of-science/departments/computer-science/research-groups/|url-status=live}} She is also the head of the department of Sensory and Sensorimotor Systems in the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics.

She is married to Prof. Peter Dayan, the director of the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics.

Li Zhaoping is known as the creator of the V1 Saliency Hypothesis, V1SH (pronounced 'vish'), that the primary visual cortex (V1) in primates creates a saliency map of the visual field to guide visual attention or gaze shifts exogenously.{{Cite journal|last=Li|first=Zhaoping|date=1999-08-31|title=Contextual influences in V1 as a basis for pop out and asymmetry in visual search|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|language=en|volume=96|issue=18|pages=10530–10535|doi=10.1073/pnas.96.18.10530|issn=0027-8424|pmid=10468643|pmc=17923|bibcode=1999PNAS...9610530L|doi-access=free}}

Proposed in the late-1990s, V1SH was unpopular initially, since it was contrary to the main and popular idea that the frontal and parietal areas of the brain are responsible for the saliency map.{{Cite journal|last1=Itti|first1=Laurent|last2=Koch|first2=Christof|date=March 2001|title=Computational modelling of visual attention|journal=Nature Reviews Neuroscience|language=en|volume=2|issue=3|pages=194–203|doi=10.1038/35058500|pmid=11256080|s2cid=2329233|issn=1471-0048|url=https://authors.library.caltech.edu/40408/1/391.pdf|access-date=2024-10-08|archive-date=2023-03-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314153854/https://authors.library.caltech.edu/40408/1/391.pdf|url-status=live}} As V1SH gathered more experimental support,{{Cite journal|last=Zhaoping|first=Li|date=2008-05-01|title=Attention capture by eye of origin singletons even without awareness—A hallmark of a bottom-up saliency map in the primary visual cortex|journal=Journal of Vision|language=en|volume=8|issue=5|pages=1.1–18|doi=10.1167/8.5.1|pmid=18842072|issn=1534-7362|doi-access=free}}{{Cite journal|last1=Yan|first1=Yin|last2=Zhaoping|first2=Li|last3=Li|first3=Wu|date=2018-10-09|title=Bottom-up saliency and top-down learning in the primary visual cortex of monkeys|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|language=en|volume=115|issue=41|pages=10499–10504|doi=10.1073/pnas.1803854115|issn=0027-8424|pmid=30254154|pmc=6187116|doi-access=free}}{{Cite journal|date=January 12, 2012|title=Neural Activities in V1 Create a Bottom-Up Saliency Map|url=https://www.cell.com/neuron/pdf/S0896-6273(11)00999-8.pdf|journal=Neuron|volume=73|pages=183–192|doi=10.1016/j.neuron.2011.10.035|pmid=22243756|last1=Zhang|first1=X.|last2=Zhaoping|first2=L.|last3=Zhou|first3=T.|last4=Fang|first4=F.|issue=1|s2cid=9767861|doi-access=free|access-date=December 10, 2019|archive-date=October 8, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008131616/https://www.cell.com/neuron/pdf/S0896-6273(11)00999-8.pdf|url-status=live}} Zhaoping became more sought after for keynote or invited speeches in international conferences,{{Cite web|url=http://www.cosyne.org/c/index.php?title=Cosyne_07|title=Cosyne 07 - COSYNE|website=www.cosyne.org|access-date=2019-12-10|archive-date=2019-12-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217123514/http://www.cosyne.org/c/index.php?title=Cosyne_07|url-status=dead}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnsorg.org/cns-2020-quick|title=CNS 2020|website=www.cnsorg.org|access-date=2019-12-10|archive-date=2019-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210125217/https://www.cnsorg.org/cns-2020-quick|url-status=dead}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.ecvp.uni-bremen.de/node/29.html|title=Visual Perception meets Computational Neuroscience {{!}} www.ecvp.uni-bremen.de|website=www.ecvp.uni-bremen.de|access-date=2019-12-10|archive-date=2019-03-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322234917/http://www.ecvp.uni-bremen.de/node/29.html|url-status=dead}}{{Cite web|url=http://q-bio.org/wiki/Q-bio_2015:_Confirmed_Invited_Speakers|title=Q-bio 2015: Confirmed Invited Speakers - Q-bio|website=q-bio.org|access-date=2019-12-10|archive-date=2024-10-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008144944/http://q-bio.org/wiki/Q-bio_2015:_Confirmed_Invited_Speakers|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.hk14888.com/psychen/2018/0928/c27683a1082758/page.htm|title=Welcome to the 14th annual APCV and the 3rd CVSC|website=www.hk14888.com|language=en|access-date=2019-12-10|archive-date=2019-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210125420/https://www.hk14888.com/psychen/2018/0928/c27683a1082758/page.htm|url-status=dead}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.cibf.edu.au/events/scindu-systems-and-computational-neuroscience-down-under|title=SCiNDU: Systems and Computational Neuroscience Down Under|date=2015-06-10|website=The Brain Dialogue|access-date=2019-12-10|archive-date=2019-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210125214/https://www.cibf.edu.au/events/scindu-systems-and-computational-neuroscience-down-under|url-status=dead}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.esi-frankfurt.de/esisync/|title=ESI Systems Neuroscience Conference 2019|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=|archive-date=2024-10-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008144949/https://www.esi-frankfurt.de/esisync/|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.shanghaiforum.fudan.edu.cn/en/index.php?c=news&a=detail&aid=1405|title=Shanghai FORUM - Li Zhaoping|website=www.shanghaiforum.fudan.edu.cn|access-date=2019-12-10|archive-date=2019-12-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217115605/http://www.shanghaiforum.fudan.edu.cn/en/index.php?c=news&a=detail&aid=1405|url-status=dead}} and V1SH rises from being unpopular to being controversial. Some report experimental data for the theory,{{Cite journal|last=Theeuwes|first=Jan|date=2010-10-01|title=Top–down and bottom–up control of visual selection|journal=Acta Psychologica|volume=135|issue=2|pages=77–99|doi=10.1016/j.actpsy.2010.02.006|pmid=20507828|issn=0001-6918|doi-access=free}}{{Cite journal|last1=Bisley|first1=James W.|last2=Goldberg|first2=Michael E.|date=2010|title=Attention, Intention, and Priority in the Parietal Lobe|journal=Annual Review of Neuroscience|volume=33|issue=1|pages=1–21|doi=10.1146/annurev-neuro-060909-152823|pmc=3683564|pmid=20192813}}{{Cite journal|last1=Schwartz|first1=Odelia|last2=Hsu|first2=Anne|last3=Dayan|first3=Peter|date=July 2007|title=Space and time in visual context|journal=Nature Reviews Neuroscience|language=en|volume=8|issue=7|pages=522–535|doi=10.1038/nrn2155|pmid=17585305|s2cid=42893510|issn=1471-0048}}{{Cite journal|last1=Zhang|first1=Xilin|last2=Zhaoping|first2=Li|last3=Zhou|first3=Tiangang|last4=Fang|first4=Fang|date=2012-01-12|title=Neural Activities in V1 Create a Bottom-Up Saliency Map|journal=Neuron|volume=73|issue=1|pages=183–192|doi=10.1016/j.neuron.2011.10.035|pmid=22243756|issn=0896-6273|doi-access=free}}{{Cite journal|last1=Donk|first1=Mieke|last2=van Zoest|first2=Wieske|date=July 2008|title=Effects of salience are short-lived|journal=Psychological Science|volume=19|issue=7|pages=733–739|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02149.x|issn=1467-9280|pmid=18727790|s2cid=15304219|url=https://research.vu.nl/ws/files/2326746/Donk%20Psychological%20Science%20%2019(7)%202008%20u.pdf|access-date=2019-12-16|archive-date=2023-01-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230110162643/https://research.vu.nl/ws/files/2326746/Donk%20Psychological%20Science%20%2019(7)%202008%20u.pdf|url-status=live}}{{Cite journal|last1=Töllner|first1=Thomas|last2=Zehetleitner|first2=Michael|last3=Gramann|first3=Klaus|last4=Müller|first4=Hermann J.|date=2011-01-21|title=Stimulus Saliency Modulates Pre-Attentive Processing Speed in Human Visual Cortex|journal=PLOS ONE|language=en|volume=6|issue=1|pages=e16276|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0016276|issn=1932-6203|pmc=3025013|pmid=21283699|bibcode=2011PLoSO...616276T|doi-access=free}}{{Cite journal|last=Maunsell|first=John H.R.|date=2015|title=Neuronal Mechanisms of Visual Attention|journal=Annual Review of Vision Science|volume=1|issue=1|pages=373–391|doi=10.1146/annurev-vision-082114-035431|pmid=28532368|pmc=8279254}} while others report evidence against it.{{Cite journal|last1=White|first1=Brian J.|last2=Kan|first2=Janis Y.|last3=Levy|first3=Ron|last4=Itti|first4=Laurent|last5=Munoz|first5=Douglas P.|date=2017-08-29|title=Superior colliculus encodes visual saliency before the primary visual cortex|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|language=en|volume=114|issue=35|pages=9451–9456|doi=10.1073/pnas.1701003114|issn=0027-8424|pmid=28808026|pmc=5584409|doi-access=free}} It is argued that if V1SH holds, then the framework to understand how our brain solves the vision problem should be substantially changed, as described by the Central-peripheral theory which in turn has its own experimental support.{{Cite journal|last=Zhaoping|first=Li|date=2019-10-01|title=A new framework for understanding vision from the perspective of the primary visual cortex|url=http://psyarxiv.com/ds34j/|journal=Current Opinion in Neurobiology|series=Computational Neuroscience|volume=58|pages=1–10|doi=10.1016/j.conb.2019.06.001|issn=0959-4388|pmid=31271931|s2cid=195806018|access-date=2024-10-08|archive-date=2024-10-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008144948/https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/ds34j/|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}{{Cite journal |last=Zhaoping |first=Li |date=2024-04-01 |title=Peripheral vision is mainly for looking rather than seeing |journal=Neuroscience Research |volume=201 |pages=18–26 |doi=10.1016/j.neures.2023.11.006 |issn=0168-0102|doi-access=free |pmid=38000447 }}

Zhaoping also used a model to propose that feedback from the olfactory cortex to the olfactory bulb serves to segment odors from background for individual odor recognition and carries out other top-down controls,{{Cite journal|date=2016-10-01|title=Olfactory object recognition, segmentation, adaptation, target seeking, and discrimination by the network of the olfactory bulb and cortex: computational model and experimental data|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352154616300766|journal=Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences|language=en|volume=11|pages=30–39|doi=10.1016/j.cobeha.2016.03.009|issn=2352-1546|last1=Zhaoping|first1=Li|s2cid=27989941|access-date=2024-10-08|archive-date=2022-08-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814094935/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352154616300766|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}} this proposal predicts and explains a diversity of behavioral and neural data.

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Category:1964 births

Category:Living people

Category:California Institute of Technology alumni

Category:Chinese women neuroscientists

Category:Fudan University alumni

Category:Academic staff of the University of Tübingen

Category:Academics of University College London

Category:Max Planck Institute directors