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Liagoraceae

{{Short description|Family of algae}}

{{use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}

{{automatic taxobox

| image = Liagora viscida, near Banyuls-sur-Mer, France - 20110625.jpg

| image_caption = Liagora viscida

| taxon = Liagoraceae

| authority = Kützing, 1843Kützing, F.T., 1843. Phycologia generalis oder Anatomie, Physiologie und Systemkunde der Tange. Mit 80 farbig gedruckten Tafeln, gezeichnet und gravirt vom Verfasser. Leipzig: F.A. Brockhaus. xxiv+458 pp.

| subdivision_ranks = Genera

| subdivision =

See text

}}

Liagoraceae is a family of red algae (Rhodophyta) in the order Nemaliales.{{cite book |last1=Kamiya |first1=M. |last2=Lindstrom |first2=S.C. |last3=Nakayama |first3=T. |last4=Yokoyama |first4=A. |last5=Lin |first5=S.-M. |last6=Guiry |first6=M.D. |last7=Gurgel |first7=F.D.G. |last8=Huisman |first8=J.M. |last9=Kitayama |first9=T. |last10=Suzuki |first10=M. |last11=Cho |first11=T.O. |last12=Frey |first12=W. |editor1-last=Frey |editor1-first=W. |title=Rhodophyta. In: Syllabus of Plant Families |date=2017 |publisher=Borntraeger Science Publishers |location=Stuttgart |isbn=978-3-443-01094-2 |pages=1–171 |edition=13 |chapter=Part 2/2: Photoautotrophic eukaryotic Algae. ( Eds)}} The type genus is Liagora {{Au|J.V.Lamouroux}}.

It was originally called Helminthocladiaceae by J.Agardh in 1851, but P. Silva in 1980 stated that this was predated by Liagoraceae which was published in 1843. Various authors over several years, had tried to form tribes within the family, but it was found (each time) that the family is not able to be divided naturally.Paul C. Silva, Philip W. Basson, Richard L. Moe {{google books|vtBdDwAAQBAJ|Catalogue of the Benthic Marine Algae of the Indian Ocean (1996)|page=11}} As the morphological character analyses show too much variation.Debashish Bhattacharya (Editor) {{google books|gfTrCAAAQBAJ|Origins of Algae and their Plastids (2012)|page=126}}

The family was found to be polyphyletic (having a mixed evolutionary origin) based on analyses of rbcL enzymes. The 2 genera of Yamadaella and Liagoropsis, which were previously placed in the Dermonemataceae family, were found to have independent lineages and could be recognized as two new families Yamadaellaceae and Liagoropsidaceae.{{cite journal |last1=Lin |first1=Showe-Mei |last2=Rodríguez-Prieto |first2=Conxi |last3=Huisman |first3=John M. |last4=Guiry |first4=Michael D. |last5=Payri |first5=Claude |last6=Nelson |first6=Wendy A. |last7=Liu |first7=Shao-Lun |title=A phylogenetic re-appraisal of the family Liagoraceae sensu lato (Nemaliales, Rhodophyta) based on sequence analyses of two plastid genes and postfertilization development |journal=Journal of Phycology |date=June 2015 |volume=51 |issue=3 |pages=546–559 |doi=10.1111/jpy.12301|pmid=26986669 |hdl=10379/12457 |s2cid=206147255 |hdl-access=free }}

Description

Many species are irregular and paniculate (much-branched). They have a basic dichotomous branching but with numerous proliferous lateral branches.John Marinus Huisman {{google books|X-kNOebDpnAC|Algae of Australia (2006)|page=4}}

They have a thallus (gametophyte) which is erect, they are approx. {{convert|1|to|30|cm|in|abbr=on}} tall. With usually much branched irregularly to sub-dichotomously with terete branches, they are mucilagionous, multi-axical with a loose filamentous entwined medulla.J. Cramer {{google books|WyEmAQAAMAAJ|Nova Hedwigia: Beiheft (1993)|page=24}}

Distribution

The family has cosmopolitan distribution.{{cite web |title=Liagoraceae |url=https://www.gbif.org/species/4945 |website=www.gbif.org |access-date=9 December 2022 |language=en}} Species are found in places such as Bermuda,{{cite journal |last1=Popolizio |first1=Thea R |last2=Schneider |first2=Craig W |last3=Lane |first3=Christopher E |title=A molecular evaluation of the Liagoraceae sensu lato (Nemaliales, Rhodophyta) in Bermuda including Liagora nesophila sp. nov. and Yamadaella grassyi sp. nov |journal=J. Phycol. |date=August 2015 |volume=51 |issue=4 |pages=637–58 |doi=10.1111/jpy.12306|pmid=26986788 |s2cid=34018825 }} Hawaii,Huisman J.M., Abbott LA. & Sherwood A.R., 2004 - The Liagoraceae (Nemaliales,

Rhodophyta) of the Hawaiian Islands III: The genus Ganonema, with a description of Ganonema yoshizakii sp. nov. Phycologia 43: 296-310.

New Caledonia,{{cite journal |last1=Huisman |first1=John M. |last2=Millar |first2=Alan!. K. |title=The Liagoraceae (Rhodophyta) of New Caledonia collected by Vieillard, including Ganonema filicoides (Kiitzing) comb. nov. |journal=Cryptogamic, Algol. |date=2007 |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=201–207}} Egypt,Diane Scullion Littler and Mark Masterton Littler {{google books|PXAVAQAAIAAJ|South Pacific Reef Plants: A Divers' Guide to the Plant Life of South Pacific Coral Reefs (2003)|page=58}} Australia,Huisman J.M., 2002. - The type and Australian species of the red algal genera Liagora and Ganonema (Liagoraceae, Nemaliales). Australian systematic botany 15: 773-838.Huisman J.M., 2006 - Algae of Australia: Nemaliales. Canberra, ABRS; Melbourne, CSIRO Publishing, viii + 153 p. Canary Islands,{{cite journal |last1=Kvaternik |first1=D. |last2=Afonso-Carrillo |first2=J. |title=The red algal genus Liagora (Liagoraceae, Rhodophyta) from the Canary Islands |journal=Phycologia |date=1 November 1995 |volume=34 |issue=6 |pages=449–471 |doi=10.2216/I0031-8884-34-6-449.1}} China (Hsisha IslandsFan K.-C. & Wang Y.-C., 1974 - Studies on the marine algae of Xisha Islands, China I. Ganonema gen. nov. Acta phytotaxonomica Sinica 12: 489-495. and Hainan Island{{cite book |last1=Titlyanov |first1=E.A. |last2=Titlyanova |first2=T.V. |last3=Huang |first3=Hui |title=Coral Reef Marine Plants of Hainan Island |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780128119631/coral-reef-marine-plants-of-hainan-island |date=21 November 2016 |isbn=9780128119631 |access-date=11 December 2022 |language=en}}) and Japan.Yoshizaki M., 1979 - Morphology and taxonomy of the Japanese representative of Nemaliales (4), Thallus structure and reproductive organs of Yamadaella cenomyce. Journal of Japanese botany 54: 225-233.

They have been found at depths between {{convert|3|and|20|m|ft|abbr=on}} (below the sea level).{{cite journal |last1=Huisman |first1=John M. |last2=Kraft |first2=Gerald T. |title=Studies of the Liagoraceae (Rhodophyta) of Western Australia: Gloiotrichus fractalis gen. et sp. nov. & Ganonema helminthaxis sp. nov |journal=European Journal of Phycology |date=May 1994 |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=73–85 |doi=10.1080/09670269400650521|s2cid=85436246 |doi-access=free }}

List of genera

According to the AlgaeBase (amount of species per genus);{{cite web |title=Taxonomy Browser :: AlgaeBase |url=https://www.algaebase.org/browse/taxonomy/#164210 |website=www.algaebase.org |access-date=8 December 2022}}

  • Akalaphycus {{Au|Huisman, I.A.Abbott & A.R.Sherwood}} - 2 spp.
  • Cumagloia {{Au|Setchell & N.L.Gardner}} - 1 sp. (Cumagloia andersonii {{Au|(Farlow) Setchell & N.L.Gardner, 1917}}
  • Cylindraxis {{Au|Kraft}} - 1 sp. (Cylindraxis rotundatus {{Au|Kraft, 1989}})
  • Dermonema {{Au|Harvey ex Heydrich}} - 5 spp.
  • Dotyophycus {{Au|I.A.Abbott}} - 5 spp.
  • Ganonema {{Au|K.-C.Fan & Y.-C.Wang}} - 13 spp.
  • Gloiocallis {{Au|S.-M.Lin, Huisman & D.L.Ballantine}} - 1 sp. (Gloiocallis dendroidea {{Au|(P.Crouan & H.Crouan) Showe M.Lin, Huisman & D.L.Ballantine, 2014}})
  • Gloiotrichus {{Au|Huisman & Kraft}} - 2 spp.
  • Helminthocladia {{Au|J.Agardh}} - 20 spp.
  • Helminthora {{Au|J.Agardh}} - 8 spp.
  • Hommersandiophycus {{Au|Showe M.Lin & J.M.Huisman}} - 5 spp.
  • Izziella {{Au|Doty}} - 5 spp.
  • Liagora {{Au|J.V.Lamouroux}} - 55 spp.
  • Macrocarpus {{Au|Showe M.Lin, S.-Y.Yang & Huisman}} - 3 spp.
  • Neoizziella {{Au|S.-M.Lin, S.-Y.Yang & Huisman}} - 2 spp.
  • Otohimella {{Au|Mas.Suzuki}} - 1 sp. (Otohimella japonica {{Au|(Yamada) Mas.Suzuki, T.Segawa, Hi.Mori & H.Nozaki, 2016}})
  • Patenocarpus {{Au|Yoshizaki}} - 1 sp. (Patenocarpus paraphysiferus {{Au|Yoshizaki, 1987}})
  • Sinocladia {{Au|C.K.Tseng & W.Li}} - 8 spp.
  • Stenopeltis {{Au|Itono & Yoshizaki}} - 1 sp. (Stenopeltis gracilis {{Au|(Yamada & Tanaka) Itono & Yoshizaki, 1992}})
  • Titanophycus {{Au|Huisman, G.W.Saunders & A.R.Sherwood}} - 3 spp.
  • Trichogloea {{Au|Kützing}} - 3 spp.
  • Trichogloeopsis {{Au|I.A.Abbott & Doty}} - 6 spp.
  • Yoshizakia {{Au|S.-M.Lin, Huisman & C.Payri}} - 1 sp. (Yoshizakia indopacifica {{Au|S.-M.Lin, Huisman & C.Payri, 2013}})

The GBIF, and WoRMS also accepts;{{cite web |title=WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Liagoraceae Kützing, 1843 |url=https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=143759 |website=www.marinespecies.org |access-date=9 December 2022}}

References

{{Reflist}}

External links

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Category:Plants described in 1843

Category:Nemaliales

Category:Red algae families