Lidia Falcón

{{Infobox person

| image = Lidia Falcón (46839426744) (cropped).jpg

| alt =

| caption = Lidia Falcón in 2019

| birth_name = Lidia Falcón O'Neill

| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1935|12|13|df=yes}}

| birth_place = Madrid, Spain

| death_date =

| death_place =

| death_cause =

| other_names =

| occupation = Politician, writer

| employer =

| years_active = 1947–present

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| spouse = {{ill|Eliseo Bayo|es}}

| children = Regina and {{ill|Carlos Enrique Bayo|es}}

| mother = {{ill|Enriqueta O'Neill|es}}

| father = César Falcón

| relatives = {{Plainlist|

Regina de Lamo (grandmother)
Carlota O'Neill (aunt)

}}

| awards =

| alma_mater = University of Barcelona

| website = {{Official URL}}

| party = {{Plainlist|

}}}}

Lidia Falcón O'Neill (born 13 December 1935) is a Spanish politician and writer. With a degree in law, dramatic art, and journalism, and a PhD in philosophy, she has stood out for her defense of feminism in Spain, especially during the Transition.

She was a member of the Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC){{Cite news |url=http://blogs.publico.es/dominiopublico/6076/donde-esta-la-izquierda-en-catalunya/ |title=¿Dónde está la izquierda en Catalunya?|trans-title=Where is the Left in Catalonia|first=Lidia|last=Falcón|work=Público |language=Spanish|date=10 November 2012|access-date=21 April 2019}} and suffered persecution and torture for her political ideas during the Franco dictatorship.{{Cite news |url=https://www.publico.es/politica/billy-nino-torturaba-lidia-falcon-ya-no-pariras-mas-puta.html|title=Billy el Niño, mientras torturaba a Lidia Falcón: 'Ya no parirás más, puta'|trans-title=Billy the Kid, While Torturing Lidia Falcón: 'You Will Not Give Birth Anymore, Whore'|first=Alejandro|last=Torrús|work=Público|language=Spanish |date=26 February 2015|access-date=21 April 2019}} In 1976, she created the Feminist Collective of Barcelona,{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CaROAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Colectivo+Feminista+de+Barcelona%22+%22Lidia+Falc%C3%B3n%22 |title=Triunfo, Volume 32 |publisher=Prensa Periodica, S.A. |page=57 |language=Spanish |year=1977 |access-date=2021-10-18}} a feminist magazine Vindicación Feminista, and the publishing house Ediciones de Feminismo. In 1977, she founded the Revolutionary Feminist Organization, from which the Feminist Party of Spain was created. Since 1979, she has directed the magazine Poder y libertad.{{Cite web |url=http://www20.gencat.cat/portal/site/msi-cultura/menuitem.f8ec44f847919cca411cb318b0c0e1a0/?vgnextoid=567422e17b8cb210VgnVCM2000009b0c1e0aRCRD&vgnextchannel=567422e17b8cb210VgnVCM2000009b0c1e0aRCRD&vgnextfmt=detall&contentid=61076bd635d07310VgnVCM2000009b0c1e0aRCRD|title=L'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya conserva a Catalunya els fons del feminisme de Lidia Falcón |trans-title=The National Archive of Catalonia Conserves the Background of the Feminism of Lidia Falcón |publisher=Generalitat de Catalunya|language=Catalan |date=3 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231210305/http://www20.gencat.cat/portal/site/msi-cultura/menuitem.f8ec44f847919cca411cb318b0c0e1a0/?vgnextoid=567422e17b8cb210VgnVCM2000009b0c1e0aRCRD&vgnextchannel=567422e17b8cb210VgnVCM2000009b0c1e0aRCRD&vgnextfmt=detall&contentid=61076bd635d07310VgnVCM2000009b0c1e0aRCRD |archive-date=31 December 2013 |url-status=dead |access-date=21 April 2019}}

Biography

Lidia Falcón O'Neill was born on 13 December 1935 in Madrid, the daughter of the Peruvian César Falcón and the Spaniard {{ill|Enriqueta O'Neill|es}} (a.k.a. Regina Flavio), both writers and journalists, among other professions. Her parents met when her mother worked in the theater of her father, who was married with Irene Falcón, so his mother raised her alone. Both her maternal grandmother Regina de Lamo (Nora Avante) and her maternal aunt Carlota O'Neill (Laura de Noves) were writers, so it was not considered unusual when she wrote her first play at age 12.

During the dictatorship, Enriqueta O'Neill worked as a Francoist censor{{Cite web |url=https://lerethispania.blogspot.com/2017/08/enriqueta-oneill-de-lamo-trabajo-para.html |title=Enriqueta O'Neill de Lamo trabajó para la censura franquista |trans-title=Enriqueta O'Neill Worked in Francoist Censorship |work=Los Leret en España ¡La Verdad! |language=Spanish |date=11 August 2017 |access-date=21 April 2019}} and would maintain a relationship with the Carlist and provincial press secretary – the highest office of censorship in Barcelona – {{ill|José Bernabé Oliva|es}},{{Cite news |url=http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/madrid/abc/1960/01/03/074.html |title=Ha muerto el periodista José Bernabé Oliva |trans-title=The Journalist José Bernabé Oliva Has Died |work=ABC |page=74 |language=Spanish |date=3 January 1960 |access-date=21 April 2019}} who would be Lidia Falcón's godfather.{{Cite web |url=http://periodistesentempsdificils.adpc.cat/?p=175 |title=Entrevista a Lídia Falcón |trans-title=Interview with Lidia Falcón |work=Periodistes en temps difícils |language=Catalan |access-date=21 April 2019}} Falcón herself was imprisoned for her political demands, and her mother committed suicide on 17 November 1972 in Barcelona.{{Cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ppRtzQXGS8wC&pg=PA248 |title=Spanish Women's Writing 1849–1996 |chapter=Testing the Limits: Lidia Falcón (1935–) and Esther Tusquets (1936–) |first=Catherine |last=Davies |publisher=A & C Black |isbn=9780567559586 |page=248 |date=1 December 2000 |access-date=21 April 2019 |via=Google Books}}

Works

=Theater=

Crea fama y échate a dormir, 1947.
En el futuro, 1957.
Un poco de nieve blanca, 1958.
Los que siempre ganan, 1970.
Con el siglo. Debuted in Barcelona and Athens in 1982.
Las mujeres caminaron con el fuego del siglo. Barcelona, 1982.
Parid, parid malditas, 1983. Reprinted in Barcelona in 1986 and 1987.
Siempre deseé el amor, 1983.
La hora más oscura, 1987.
{{ill|Three Spanish Idiots|es|Tres idiotas españolas}}, Madrid, 1987; Gijón, 1988; Valencia and Bilbao, 1990. Translated into English by S. Cuevas and reprinted in Australia as Voices of Women, 1995.
Tu único amor, 1990
Emma, 1992
Teatro. Cinco obras. Madrid: Vindicación Feminista, 1994.
Ellas y sus sombras, 1995
La hora más oscura; Emma; Atardeceres. Madrid: Vindicación Feminista, 2002.
¡Vamos a por todas!, Madrid: Asociación de Autores de Teatro, 2002

=Essay=

Sustituciones y fidecomisos. Barcelona: Nereo, 1962.
Historia del trabajo. Barcelona: Plaza & Janés, 1963.
Los derechos civiles de la mujer. Barcelona: Nereo, 1963.
Los derechos laborales de la mujer. Montecorvo, 1964.
Mujer y sociedad. Barcelona: Fontanella, 1969; Madrid: Vindicación Feminista, 1996.
La razón feminista. Tomo I. Barcelona: Fontanella, 1981.
La razón feminista. Tomo II. Barcelona: Fontanella, 1982.
Violencia contra la mujer. Madrid: Vindicación Feminista, 1991.
Mujer y poder político. Madrid: Vindicación Feminista, 1992. 2nd ed. Madrid: Kira Edit, 2000.
La razón feminista. Edición resumida. Madrid: Vindicación Feminista, 1994.
Trabajadores del mundo ¡Rendios! Madrid: Akal, 1996.
Amor, sexo y aventura en las mujeres del Quijote. Madrid: Vindicación Feminista, 1997.
Los nuevos mitos del feminismo. Madrid: Vindicación Feminista, 2001.
La violencia que no cesa. Recopilación de artículos. Madrid: Vindicación Feminista, 2003.
Las nuevas españolas. Madrid: La esfera de los libros, 2004.

=Narrative=

Cartas a una idiota española. Barcelona: Dirosa, 1974; Madrid: Vindicación Feminista, 1989.
Es largo esperar callado. Barcelona: Pomaire, 1975. Madrid: Vindicación Feminista / Hacer, 1984.
El juego de la piel. Barcelona: Argos Vergara, 1983.
Rupturas. Barcelona: Fontanella, 1985.
Camino sin retorno. Barcelona: Antrophos, 1992.
Postmodernos. Madrid: Libertarias-Prodhufi, 1993.
Clara. Madrid: Vindicación Feminista, 1993.
Asesinando el pasado. Madrid: Kira Edit & Vindicación Feminista, 1997.
Al fin estaba sola. Barcelona: Editorial Montesinos, 2007.
Una mujer de nuestro tiempo. Barcelona: Editorial Montesinos, 2009.

=Chronicle=

En el infierno. Ser mujer en las cárceles de España. Barcelona: Ediciones de Feminismo, 1977.
Viernes 13 en la calle del Correo. Barcelona: Planeta, 1981.
El varón español en búsqueda de su identidad. Barcelona: Plaza & Janés, 1984.
El alboroto español. Barcelona: Fontanella, 1984.

=Biography=

Los hijos de los vencidos. Barcelona: Pomaire, 1978; Madrid: Vindicación Feminista, 1989.
Lidia Falcón. Memorias políticas (1959–1999). Barcelona: Planeta, 1999; Madrid: Vindicación Feminista, 2002.
La vida arrebatada. Barcelona: Anagrama, 2003.