Ligurian Sea

{{short description|Arm of the Mediterranean Sea between the Italian Riviera (Liguria) and the island of Corsica}}

File:Mar Ligure.svg, in blue the border according to Istituto Idrografico della Marina]]

The Ligurian Sea{{langx|it|Mar Ligure}}; {{langx|fr|Mer Ligurienne}}; {{langx|lij|Mâ Ligure}}; {{langx|co|Mari Liguru}} is an arm of the Mediterranean Sea. It lies between the Italian Riviera (Liguria) and the island of Corsica. The sea is thought to have been named after the ancient Ligures people.

Geography

The sea borders Italy as far as its border with France, and the French island of Corsica. In the east, the sea borders the Tyrrhenian Sea, while in the west it borders the Mediterranean Sea proper. Genoa is the most prominent city in the area. The northwest coast is noted for its scenery and climate.{{fact|date=December 2024}}

The Gulf of Genoa is its northernmost part. The ports of Genoa and La Spezia are on its rocky coast. It reaches a maximum depth of more than {{cvt|9,300|ft|m|order=flip}} northwest of Corsica.

According to a 1983 study, since 1977 a series of experimental analyses on sea-level variations at Genoa and Imperia highlighted "the existence of a seiche wave with a mean period of 5.8 hours", whose reasons weren't yet explained at that time. The Ligurian Sea was modeled as a rectangular semi-closed basin with a longitudinal length of {{cvt|40|km}} and a transversal one of {{cvt|10|km}}, in an average constant depth of {{cvt|2000|m|ft fathom}}.{{cite journal | first= Lorenzo |last=Papa | title = A numerical computation of a seiche oscillation of the Ligurian Sea | journal = Geophysical Journal International | volume = 75 | issue = 3 | date = 1 December 1983 | pages = 659–667 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1983.tb05004.x | issn = 0956-540X | publisher = Oxford University Press | bibcode = 1983GeoJ...75..659P | oclc = 4640460944

| doi-access = free }}

= Extent =

The International Hydrographic Organization defines the limits of the Ligurian Sea as follows:{{cite web|url=https://iho.int/uploads/user/pubs/standards/s-23/S-23_Ed3_1953_EN.pdf|title=Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition|year=1953|publisher=International Hydrographic Organization|access-date=28 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005131902/http://www.iho.int/iho_pubs/standard/S-23/S-23_Ed3_1953_EN.pdf|archive-date=5 October 2018}}

On the Southwest. A line joining Cape Corse (Cape Grosso, 9°23′E) the Northern point of Corsica to the frontier between France and Italy (7°31′E).

On the Southeast.

A line joining Cape Corse with Tinetto Island ({{coord|44|01|N|9|51|E|display=inline}}) and thence through Tino and Palmaria Islands to San Pietro Point ({{coord|44|03|N|9|50|E|display=inline}}) on the Coast of Italy.

On the North The Ligurian Coast of Italy.

Flowings

The Ligurian Sea is traversed by the Modified Atlantic Water (MAW) on its surface and by the Levantine Intermediate Water in depth. It is also brushed by the two main currents which surround the Corsica island: the Western Corsica Current and the Tyrrenian current that reaches the Corsica Channel.{{cite journal | url = https://doaj.org/article/3d2dc5754d6944efbcf5d9c2d348b467|first1=S.|last1=Vignudelli|first2=P.|last2=Cipollini|first3=F.|last3=Reseghetti|first4=G.|last4=Fusco|first5=G. P.|last5=Gasparini|first6=G. M. R.|last6=Manzella | title = Comparison between XBT data and TOPEX/Poseidon satellite altimetry in the Ligurian-Tyrrhenian area | journal = Annales Geophysicae | year = 2003 | volume = 21 | issue = 21 | pages = 123–135 | doi = 10.5194/angeo-21-123-2003 | issn = 0992-7689 | publisher = European Geosciences Union | bibcode = 2003AnGeo..21..123V | format = pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081120010057/https://www.ann-geophys.net/21/123/2003/angeo-21-123-2003.pdf | archive-date = November 20, 2008 | url-status = live| doi-access = free }} At the introductory paragraph.

Conservation

In order to provide protection for the numerous cetacean (whales and dolphins; porpoises are not found in this part of the Mediterranean Sea) species in the Ligurian Sea the bordering countries established the sea as a SPAMI in 1999. The International Ligurian Sea Cetacean Sanctuary now covers {{cvt|84000|km2}} covering territorial waters as well as high sea.