Lilium auratum

The flower colour is typically white with gold radial markings and orange spots, but variations in flower colour and markings are known. For example, the variety platyphyllum which bears a gold stripe along the tepals but lacks spots.The RHS Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, Christopher Brickell, Dorling Kindersley, London, 1996, p613. {{ISBN|0-7513-0436-0}} The strongly scented flowers are the largest of any lily species{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} and the largest plants, which can reach {{convert|2.5|m|ft|0}}, can carry up to twenty of these.

It has been used widely in breeding and many of the more spectacular modern cultivars are derived in part from this species.

File:Lilium auratum - pollen.jpg]]

This lily does well in plain or acidic soil; rich or fertilised soil will kill the plant. Bulbs should be planted in a hole three times their size in both depth and width in a well-drained area. The best position for this plant is one where its top will receive sunlight while its base remains shaded.

This lily can be cultivated by seed, but for faster reproduction scaling is recommended. Its life span (around 3 or 4 years) is significantly less than that of its descendants, so reproducing this plant is important for gardeners.

L. auratum contains phenolic glycerides such as 1,2-O-diferuloylglycerol, 1-O-feruloyl-2-O-p-coumaroylglycerol, 1-O-p-coumaroyl-2-O-feruloylglycerol, 1-O-feruloylglycerol, 1,3-O-diferuloylglycerol, 1-O-feruloyl-3-O-p-coumaroylglycerol and 1-O-p-coumaroylglycerol.Phenolic glycerides from Lilium auratum. Hiroko Shimomura, Yutaka Sashida and Yoshihiro Mimaki, Phytochemistry, 1987, Volume 26, Issue 3, Pages 844–845, {{doi|10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84801-3}}

The Englishman who was the earliest collector of lily bulbs in Japan was arguably young John Gould Veitch of Veitch Nurseries, and in 1862 he sent to England the golden rayed lily, L. auratum, which became touted as the "aristocrat of lilies".{{sfnp|Sakasegawa|2005|p=130}} It was allegedly in 1867 that a man named John Joshua Jarmain operating from Yokohama became the first commercial exporter of Japanese lilies,{{citation|last=Suzuki |first=Ichiro |author-link= |title=Nihon yurine bōeki no rekishi |script-title=ja:日本ユリ根貿易の歴史 |trans-title=History of the Trading of Japanese Lily Bulbs |place=Higashimatsuyama, Saitama |publisher=Suzuki Ichiro |year=1971 }} 47 pp. apud {{harvp|Sakasegawa|2005|pp=130–131}} and {{harvp|Prue|2010|p=516}} though the species of lily is not clarified. The mint exporter Samuel Cocking of Yokohama also exported lilies from the early 1800s,{{sfnp|Sakasegawa|2005|p=131}} presumably of the L. auratum species, which is the local {{interlanguage link|Japanese prefectural symbols{{!}}prefectural flower|ja|都道府県のシンボルの一覧}} of Kanagawa Prefecture. Isaac Bunting, another purveyor of plants offered L. auratum for sale, as seen in his 1885 catalog.{{sfnp|Prue|2010|p=516}}

{{Further|Lilium#Culinary and herb uses}}

File:Yurine donburi.JPG

L. auratum is one of several species traditionally eaten as lily bulb ({{interlanguage link|yuri-ne{{!}}yuri-ne|ja|ユリ根|preserve=1}}) in Japan, usually saving the bulbs for eating until they have grown large. The bulb is still used as food, but while wild foraged L. auratum was formerly a major source entering the market, this has largely been displaced by farm-grown kooni-yuri or Lilium leichtlinii.

The bulbs are also eaten in Chinese cuisine.

{{Further|Lilium#Toxicity}}

Any part of the Lilium species may exhibit toxicity to cats,{{cite journal| pmid=21147474 |doi=10.1053/j.tcam.2010.09.006 |volume=25 |title=Lily toxicity in the cat |year=2010 |journal=Top Companion Anim Med |pages=213–7 |last1=Fitzgerald | first1 = KT|issue=4 }}[http://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/ccah/health_information/plants_pets.cfm Pets and toxic plants] UC Davis Veterinary Medicine. but it is not noted among "lilies" of particular concern for felines according to a Japanese veterinary source.{{efn|The five deadliest "lilies" are listed as :Lilium longiflorum, L. lancifolium, L. leichtlinii'', Daylily (Hataya veterinary clinic)}}{{cite web|url=http://www.hataya-ah.com/%E7%8C%AB%E3%81%AE%E3%83%A6%E3%83%AA%E4%B8%AD%E6%AF%92/ |author=Hataya Animal Hospital of Tarumi-ku, Kobe |title=Lily poisoning in Cats |script-title=ja:猫のユリ中毒 |date=2010-08-10 |access-date=2020-01-12}}

{{Notelist}}

;Citations

{{Reflist|30em|refs=

{{cite book|last=Grieve |first=Maude |author-link= |title=A Modern Herbal |publisher=Dover Press |year=1971 |orig-year=1931 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=REy8Yiyf2HEC&pg=PA484 |page=484 |isbn=978-0-486-22799-3}}

{{cite book|last=Kingsbury |first=Noel |author-link=Noel Kingsbury |title=Garden Flora: The Natural and Cultural History of the Plants In Your Garden |publisher=Timber Press |year=2016 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XSUADQAAQBAJ&pg=PA195 |page=195 |isbn=978-1-604-69565-6}}

{{cite book|last=Miyamoto |first=Kenji |author-link=:ja:宮元健次 |title=Kamakura no teien: Kamakura, Yokohama no meien wo meguru |script-title=ja:鎌倉の庭園: 鎌倉・横浜の名園をめぐる |publisher=Kanagawa-shimbun |year=2007 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VeGnNl8tiKwC&pg=PA321 |page=321 |isbn=978-4-876-45399-3}}

"yuri ユリ", in {{cite dictionary|title=Nihon shakai jii |script-title=ja:日本社會事彙 |volume=2 |publisher=Keizai zasshi-sha |year=1908 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=30g4AQAAMAAJ&pg=PP2116 |pages=2079c, 2082–2083}}

{{cite book|editor-last=Takekawa |editor-first=Masae |editor-link= |editor-last2=Iizuka |editor-first2=Keiko |editor-link2= |title=Saishin oishii yasai hyaku shu no jōzu na sodate-kata |script-title=ja:最新 おいしい野菜１００種のじょうずな育て方 |publisher=Shufunotomo |year=2016|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yr0PDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA146 |page=146 |isbn=9784074145003 }}

{{cite book|last=Taylor |first=Harriet Osgood |author-link= |title=A Modern Herbal |publisher=Dodd, Mead & Co. |year=1912 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vc0zAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA284 |page=284}}

}}

;Bibliography

{{Refbegin}}

• {{citation|last=Sakasegawa |first=Sumiyuki |author-link= |title=The Life of Isaac Bunting: The Victorian Colchester Nurseryman Who ʻDiscoveredʼ the Erabu Lily |journal=Research Bulletin of the Faculty of Humanities |volume=26 |number=1 |year=2005 |url=https://shigakukan.repo.nii.ac.jp/index.php?action=pages_view_main&active_action=repository_action_common_download&item_id=646&item_no=1&attribute_id=14&file_no=1&page_id=13&block_id=21 |pages=127–150}}
• {{citation|last=Prue |first=James |author-link= |title=Isaac Bunting (1850-1936): From Essex to Japan and Japanese Lily Bulbs |work=Britain and Japan: Biographical Portraits |volume=7 |publisher=Global Oriental |year=2010 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1fV5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA516 |pages=514–|isbn=9789004218031 }}

{{Refend}}

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auratum

Category:Taxa named by John Lindley

Category:Flora of Japan