Lilium bosniacum
{{Short description|Species of lily}}
{{Redirect|Golden lily}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Lilium bosniacum.JPG
| genus = Lilium
| species = bosniacum
| authority = (Beck) Fritsch
}}
Lilium bosniacum is a lily native to Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is also known as zlatni ljiljan (Bosnian for golden lily) and Bosanski ljiljan (Bosnian lily).
L. bosniacum has often been lumped and split and lumped again. Some results of molecular studiesI. Resetnik, Z. Liber, Z. Satovic, P. Cigic, T. Nikolic: Molecular phylogeny and systematics of the Lilium carniolicum group (Liliaceae) based on nuclear ITS sequences, in: Plant Systematics and Evolution, 265: 45–58 (2007) support it as an infraspecific taxon of Lilium carniolicum. Lilium bosniacum, together with Lilium albanicum and Lilium jankae have been treated as varieties of Lilium carniolicum.
However, extensive DNA-analyses[http://www.bgbm.org/willdenowia/w-pdf/wi36-2Ikinci+al.pdf Nursel Ikinci, Christoph Oberprieler, Adil Güner: On the origin of European lilies: phylogenetic analysis of Lilium section Liriotypus (Liliaceae) using sequences of the nuclear ribosomal transcribed spacers, In: Willdenowia 36, 2006, pp. 647–656.]Muratović, E., Bogunić, F., Soljan, D., & Siljak-Yakovlev, S. 2005: Does Lilium bosniacum merit species rank? A classical and molecular-cytogenetic analysis. Pl. Syst. Evolution 252: 97–109. have shown that this group is polyphyletic.
Description
Lilium bosniacum Beck ex Fritsch 1909 Section 3b
Syn.: ''L. carniolicum var. bosniacumno
Bulb: ovoid, 6–7 cm in diameter, yellowish.
Stem: 30–90 cm.
Leaves: densely scattered, horizontal with tips curved upwards, narrowly lanceolate with slightly hairy margins.
Flowers: 1–6 in a raceme, nodding, fragrant. Tepals strongly revolute, typical Turk's cap-shape, wax-like texture, yellow to orange without spots, ~6 cm in diameter. Seeds with delayed hypogeal germination. Flowering time ~July. 2n=24.
Origin: Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Symbolic use
The golden lily is a traditional symbol of the Bosniak people,{{dubious|reason=See tag below & talk-page.|date=November 2023}} and was a heraldic national symbol of medieval Bosnia and a coat of arms of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina{{cite book |author= Resić, Senimir |title= En historia om Balkan: Jugoslaviens uppgång och fall |year= 2010 |publisher= Historiska Media |page=294 |location=Lund |url= http://www.adlibris.com/se/bok/en-historia-om-balkan---jugoslaviens-uppgang-och-fall-9789185507870 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141229183931/http://www.adlibris.com/se/bok/en-historia-om-balkan---jugoslaviens-uppgang-och-fall-9789185507870 |archive-date= 2014-12-29 |access-date= 2022-08-29}} At Google Books, without preview, see [https://books.google.com/books?id=UKghNAAACAAJ here]. First edition 2006, republished 2008, 2010, 2013, 2018. {{isbn|91-85057-75-4}}.{{cite web | url=https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/articles/030512a/t030512a.htm | title=SFOR - Bosnia and Herzegovina in ten flags }}{{clarify|reason=SFOR ref doesn't specify which lily is used on the coat-of-arms, just talks of lily and fleur-de-lis adopted from France via Hungary. Maybe Resic does, but he's not accessible online.|date=November 2013}} and the Bosniak National Council (Bošnjačko nacionalno vijeće), often referred as the flag of the Sandžak region. Its symbolism was also used for the Order of the Golden Lily.
See also
References
{{Commons category|Lilium bosniacum}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q310967}}